Yintoni elibi kule ncwadi na?

Elibi kwiincwadi obonakala ixesha lokuqala ngexesha Renaissance, nto leyo okufana i "zomkhosi" inkcubeko kunye nokusetyenziswa umfanekiso ethelekelelwayo, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Okokuqala, itulo isebenza iziqalelo esekelwe kwindibaniselwano izichasi - ngokufa nokuzalwa, ephantsi kunye neemvakalelo eliphezulu mabi kwawo kunye nobuhle. kamva baza a elibi njengenqobo yothando esisiseko luba ememeza dissonance, leyo uvakalisa ukungavumelani kabuhlungu ye yinyani kunye ezifanelekileyo, isilawuli esizisebenzelayo kunye necrosis yobomi, kwakunye uhlaba iimpawu zayo ibalulekileyo.

Amaninzi elibi kwiincwadi uba uxolo elikhethekileyo nanto, ekuchaseni ubunyani ezingwevu ngemihla kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, oko ngomda eyinyani, njengoko ababhali kunye iimbongi wabhenela ukusebenzisa imifanekiso basentsomini kunye kwamnandi, ziyaphila izinto ezingaphiliyo kunye nokunika izilwanyana iimpawu zomntu lomlinganiswa. Elibi kwiincwadi kubonwa imisebenzi neentlobo ezahlukeneyo - kuzo iintsomi, iinoveli, amabali.

Omnye umzekelo zicacileyo oku luthe ebhalwe ngenani Saltykov-Shchedrin kaThixo "I-Bear kweli phondo", apho indlela isilwanyana ukuti 'bonakala' kwiiyunivesithi kunye nezindlu bokuprinta, ufihle bureaucrat clueless. "Intloko wafaka" Ngaphezu koko, ngokuphathelele hayi abengezelayo ingqondo irhuluneli wasebenzisa ibinzana, lu dityanisiwe nokuzingxala ngokutya norhulumente womelo. Ezo isicelo kwinoveli umdla Bulgakov kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita", apho abafundi baya kukuphawula udibaniso engaqhelekanga of Muscovites ngemihla zilahleka Voland iindlela.

ukuqamba Gogol kaThixo

ubudlelwane Natural kunye nonxibelelwano kwi umsebenzi ngqiqweni, leyo oqaphelekayo ngokukodwa Gogol kaThixo "nempumlo." Ngoko ke, umbhali uchaza zanyamalala Kovalev impumlo, wabalekela ukusuka 'unobuchule' ukubuya kwakhe emva kwindawo ukuyichaza. Ukuhlaziya elibi kule ncwadi, imizekelo zazo ezendeleyo kwezinye imisebenzi umbhali nokuba bodwa zoqhagamshelwano nesenzeko awahambisani kunye yokubeka ecaleni iimvakalelo eziphezulu nezisezantsi ngokufuthi ajike ilizwi ehlekisayo.

Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwi "wabaNini World Endala", apho inxulunyaniswa ukutya ngendlela yemvelo yobomi, kunye ingqiqo enzulu ngamnye - kunye namacandelo aphezulu yabantu. Kuba "I idyasi" luphawulwa ngumba yemveli esizisebenzelayo, apho umntu ngamnye kunyanzeleke ukuba athobele iimfuno abasemagunyeni. Isimo esinjalo - yinxalenye kumfanekiso Akaky, leyo, nangona ebhalwe ngendlela yawo, Kunyuke indoda engonwabanga.

Ukudalwa Writers Soviet

Works of uncwadi olubhaliweyo yi Gogol, baba nefuthe umsebenzi abanye ababhali iminyaka 60-70 lwekhulu XX. Lo mbono ke uphawu iprozi kaDaniyeli Sinyavsky, leyo ziqulathe eminye ahlanganiswe amabali Gogol kaThixo. Ukongeza, ebhaliweyo Voinovich i "cap" umfundi vuxiyaxiya uya kufumana phantse amazwi locaphulo ngqo ukuba sele ikhankanyiwe apha ebalini "I idyasi."

Ngenxa poetics abangaqhelekanga, ababhali kamva, owayephila ngenkulungwane ye-omabini, wavakalisa indalo phantasmagoric, emabi, nemvelo komyalelo Soviet kwezentlalo. Ngo-1970 kwakukho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi ulwimi lwentlalo kunye ezizinzululwazi abasebenzi iqela kunye nomnikelo yintlekele zembali, ezingenakulinganiswa kodwa kuchaphazela umsebenzi wabantu nesibindi. Elibi kwiincwadi ngokubanzi Maramzin V., J. Huberman, Zinoviev, V. Aksenov, Noko Yu Aleshkovsky, Alexander galich,, ngenxa zokungathotyelwa izifundo izenzo zabo eSoviet okucingelwayo kweyabo ezi ababhali kwanyanzeleka ukuba izwe.