Yintoni ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiintsomi zoncwadi na? Iimfano neeyantlukwano

Literature kunye namabali lilungu uhlobo enye, ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa umahluko phakathi intsomi evela lemfundo. nokubonakala umahluko ube ifomu esibalisayo neziqulatho zangaphakathi. Isiseko salo naliphina ibali nentsomi yi libali emangalisayo zonke-ixesha adventures (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha misadventures) abalinganiswa abaphambili, kodwa folklores sebali isekelwe kwindlela zemveli, kodwa ibali boncwadi version yombhali ngayo le ntetho.

Kwiintsomi

Ukutyhila somahluko amabali zoncwadi iintsomi, kufuneka bazame iinkcazelo data. Intsomi - yinto ilifa mandulo enkcubeko leyo, nkqu uhlobo zaphuculwa, walondoloza umelo kakhokho ukuzalana wehlabathi (Nature) and Human. Kukho ngokwemida ngokucacileyo umgca phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, yabonisa imithetho esisiseko yokuziphatha kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha phakathi kwabantu, wabonisa iimpawu iphawulekayo ubuzwe, iinkolelo kunye nendlela yokuphila. iintsomi, abantu ekuthiwa, abe uhlelo yabo;

• Magic ( "ring Magic", "Frost Ababini", "Frost").
• Epic ( "Bulat-kwenziwe", "Vavila kunye buffoons", "Dobrynya kunye laseZohelete").
• Household ( "inkosi kwanabantwana umkhonzi," "Amasela kunye nomgwebi", "sasemini oluziindleko").
• USomandla ( "Ivan - unyana ilizwe Wonder Yudo," "Ivan - cow nyana", "Nikita Kozhemyaka").
• Satirical ( "pop Good", "A Bedaka kunye ezinde", "isidudu izembe").

A niche eyahlukileyo ulwahlulohlulo thaca abahlala abalinganiswa njengentsebezo ukuba kuvela izilwanyana ( "Irhanisi-weentaka", "ibhokhwe-Dereza", "ingqondo kunye Bear"). iingcali ukuvela connect with izithethe bamandulo yobuhedeni kunye neenkolelo.

iintsomi zoncwadi

Ukuthelekisa abantu kunye noncwadi nentsomi, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo uthathe ingqalelo yokuba yokugqibela yavela kamva kunesiqalo. Xa sijonge ukusungulwa izimvo yiEnlightenment yoncwadi yaseYurophu, kwinkulungwane XVIII kukho umbhali yokuqala ukufunda processing of iintsomi, yaye ngenkulungwane XIX ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu zemveli iintsomi zoncwadi. Phakathi kakhulu waphumelela kule yasendle ezabelwe A. Hoffman, Charles Perrault, G. H. Andersen, yaye, ke, abazalwana Grimm - waqaphela ziyahlonelwa ze uhlobo.

Ukufana zamaqhawe zoncwadi kunye iintsomi zigqitywa yokuba kuzo zombini mibala iintsomi ziphindwa, njalo iimpawu langoku zobugqi, kodwa kuphuhliso boncwadi yesiqwenga eso, ukhetho yabalinganiswa eyintloko subordinated ngqo ukuthanda yombhali. Kwakhona kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX boncwadi nentsomi iba kufutshane kakhulu ukuba amabali amafutshane kunye iinoveli. Umzekelo prime ayanceda kwimveliso ababhali Russian: A. L.Tolstoy kunye Pogorelsky kunye yaseYurophu: S. Lagerlef, iWilde kunye L. Carroll.

Iyonke. amasiko esizwe

Ukuthelekisa iimpawu intsomi kunye noncwadi nentsomi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo amasiko esizwe ka tale yombhali, edibanisa kunye abanam:

• Ababhali basebenzisa ngemisebenzi yabo ukulandisa iinjongo lwemveli (isilingo yokuziphatha kunye yokuziphatha - novavanyo ophambili, ubukho lwesilwanyana-abancedisi, imvelaphi ngokungummangaliso abalinganiswa, intiyo ka indodakazi yakhe, iziLawuli zoMzali, njl ...).
• Ngokutsho folklorist yesizwe ohloniphekileyo V. Ya. Proppa, ababhali basebenzise zemveli, eziqhelekileyo ukususela ebuntwaneni imifanekiso yabalinganiswa central abo enze imisebenzi ethile (ochasene, ophambili, umncedisi we ophambili, loo mbutho, i kwezinambuzane-nyani into ebiweyo lzhegeroy).
• Xa indalo ukuxoxa yayo ixesha kunye nendawo wadala ngokungqinelana nemithetho luluhlu lasentsomini intsomi zehlabathi: indawo - kwamnandi, ngamanye amaxesha ngokungenammiselo: Makube lee Away ubukumkani, shabby amaphenyane siqithi Buyan , etc ...
• Ukusebenzisa izibongo isibalo intetho: ezintathu phindo, izichazi rhoqo, zomthonyama indlela ngomlomo, izafobe, amaqhalo.

ingqalelo enjalo imvelaphi iintsomi ivumela ukuba abone isibheno ababhali, ukuxoxa neyodwa kwemibhalo nentsomi.

umahluko

Ukuze uqonde umahluko phakathi intsomi evela boncwadi, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngokuphuma uhlobo kunye nomxholo, ezizezi:

• Xa tale yombhali kukuba ucaca ngakumbi graphic, t. E. In ngakumbi iinkcukacha, iinkcukacha kunye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ochazwe enemibala inkangeleko, abalinganiswa, iimvakalelo, izenzo kunye nendawo iziganeko.
• Xa nentsomi boncwadi kukho bengqondo, ngakumbi kwi-nzulu kunye nesifundo eneenkcukacha ihlabathi engaphakathi iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa.
• legends Characters copyright nje ngokubanzi iimpawu zobuso, abe unique ngamnye nesimilo. Umzekelo, ababhali ezifana Ershov, Pushkin, Odoyevski, sinikela ingqalelo iintshukumisa nangokwasengqondweni izenzo kunye nezenzo kwamagorha.
• Njengaye nawuphi na umsebenzi uncwadi, zamaqhawe ababhali ephawuleka esitalini iqapheleka nendima yombhali, nto leyo ebonisa ilizwi layo iimvakalelo. Umzekelo: "I Tale of Tsar Saltan ..." - ecocekileyo, eqaqambileyo, amanene; "I Tale of the Dead Princess kunye Knights Asixhenxe" - nobumbejembeje, babe nokuthantamisa, sad; "I Tale umbingeleli kunye Workman Yakhe Balda" - balagurnaya, babehlekisa; "I Tale of the Umlobi kunye Fish" - isigqebelo, kodwa ibuhlungu.

Yintoni ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwiintsomi boncwadi na kodwa? Isibakala sokuba umsebenzi yombhali ivumela umfundi ukuba ukubucalula ubuso umbhali, ihlabathi yakhe yokomoya, neenkanuko kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Le esisiseko amavo umahluko iintsomi, apho iinjongo yobuhlanga ukuboniswa, kunye yesazisi ngqo umbalisi zingacimeka.

Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyahlukileyo ukusuka nentsomi zoncwadi? Le yokugqibela ngumsebenzi yombhali, ngokungafaniyo yokuqala, leyo yaba sisiphumo umsebenzi esihlangeneyo a sub-uhlobo lo amaqhawe. ilejendi yoncwadi - luthatyathwa i uhlobo emisiweyo yintsomi, kwaye ethandwayo - ukuba uhlobo olulodwa lohlobo intsomi, uphawu leyo yinto belandela ngomlomo.

Ozithandayo kids uhlobo zoncwadi

iintsomi boncwadi yenye lweendidi zoncwadi kakhulu iziqu ebantwaneni. Nkqu program yokufunda esikolweni iqulethe imisebenzi enjalo pisateleyA. S. Pushkina, VF Odoevskogo PP Ershov, VA Zhukovsky, ezifakwe kwi-mali segolide iincwadi Russian kunye nehlabathi abantwana. ukufunda kwabo kunegalelo ekwakhiweni ngokukhawuleza imifanekiso yokuziphatha kunye nobugcisa abantwana baphuhlise zexa zabo ngoncwadi nenkcubeko eqhelekileyo. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, le misebenzi igalelo kuphuhliso nobuchule bokuyila, ukuyila kunye engaqhelekanga kubafundi abaselula ukucinga.