"Luban" Summary Executive. "Nantso Kukho ubukhoboka lasendle urhuqa ku brozdam"

Lo mbuzo ukusekwa serfdom eRashiya umngeni kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zembali kunye umsantsa imihla yeminyaka malunga amahlanu. Umuntu avele ku-1649, i-njalo-ebizwa esekwe phantsi Romanovs 'Council Code ", umntu ucinga umhla ochanekileyo ngakumbi ka 1592, xa utshintsho simahla abalimi wokumka evela kumnikazi omnye komnye:" Usuku uYuri kaThixo ".

Indlela ukuba asabele ngomnyango encwadi AN Radishcheva

Uvandlakanyo serfdom kwakunjalo phantsi kweliso elibukhali imingcele. Phantsi kwezi meko, AN Radishchev wayengoyiki ukushicilela ekhaya wabhala le ncwadi, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze bandise kuyo. Ngokuba thina, kubonakala engeyongozi uthelekisa, kodwa bangaliboni uCatherine II njenge uqhushululu elingana Pugachev. It radishchev zibheke isigwebo sokufa, nto leyo ithathwa ireferensi. Kuye kube wophula nje kokufa Catherine II kunye ukunyuka amandla Paul I. In ekuthinjweni wayeneminyaka emithandathu ubudala, yaye emva koko wathunyelwa kwilali yakhe encinane, nto leyo kwisithili Borovsk, nalapho wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe.

Isahluko Isishwankathelo "Luban"

Lo nguye stop yesithathu emveni kokuphuma Alexander II. Waya ehlotyeni waza wabona indlela, kufutshane kakhulu ulima, ngubani na ezandleni izixhobo yamandulo - kulima. Ukulima oko ngexesha lishushu imini, xa wonke umntu efuna ukufihla ukusuka ingqatsini yelanga. Isebenza kakuhle, ikhuba ujika ngokumangalisayo lula. A ngemini elungileyo, ezo akufanelanga uzibe ukusebenza ngeCawa. Ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba ukuthetha umhambi umfama ukuba kwiintsuku ezintandathu usebenza inkosi yakhe. Nditsho ihashe umnika ukuphumla, yakhulula oko nizibophe yesibini, waphumla, yaye esebenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Yena wonke umntu phezu serfdom kunokuba iirenti. Ukususela incoko kwindlela iqala sisishwankathelo "Luban" ngesahluko umsebenzi wasefama enzima, apho alinasiphelo.

Iirenti neembopheleleko zabasebenzi

Ziyintsikelelo - oko kuxhomekeke kuphela patrimonial ngamakhoboka umsebenzi yamahlwempu ngokungenasizathu kuyo. Uyavuma mhlaba, yaye ke iya kusebenza kuye umlimi; ngokuba umkhonzi sisidenge ongenayo nawaphi amalungelo.

Okubafaneleyo - intlawulo yemali eziinkozo umnumzana umfama. Kwi irenti umlimi ukuba uye esixekweni ukuya emsebenzini, kodwa bezise inkosi yakhe kwesambuku esithile. Le umthwalo lula, kodwa hayi zonke Umnini-mhlaba efuna ukuyisebenzisa.

Kwezinye iimeko, abaqeshisi ingakumbi obawayo irenti lahlanganisa barshchina. Ezi ngongoma kufuneka ukwazi ngokufunda isishwankathelo "Luban".

phambili ingxoxo

Kwincoko kwenzeka ukuba imini yamahlwempu umsebenzi inkosi iya ebusuku. yonke ngokuhlwa ukuba athwale amakhoboka Manor indlu hay. Kodwa akwanelanga. Amabhinqa namantombazana kufuneka ukuba basebenze kuyo inkosi - sihambe emahlathini ukukhetha ezazityiwa neenkowane. Sele isishwankathelo isahluko "Luban" kunika ithuba lokuba bafunde ubunzima ngokungenabuntu, apho uYehova ukugcina abalimi. Kubonakala ukuba umlimi abe oonyana abathathu amancinci kunye neentombi ezintathu, kwaye ukondla kubo, kufuneka ukuba ukusebenza ebusuku - esinye no.

Enye indlela ukuhlukunyezwa umlimi

Ukuze kakuhle umhlaba, Kakade, ngeke asebenze nzima kunjalo, kufanele, kuba le nto kungekho namnye uya kuwuxabisa nowakho umnikelo yaye uya kuhlawula nto kwaye ayitsho enkosi kuwe. Oku ngokucacileyo uthi umlimi. Funda ngokupheleleyo kunye nesishwankathelo "Luban". Kodwa bar ndicinge ukuba singene njani onke amandla abantu. Banika lali ye rent. Thatha imali umqashi, yaye ezabalazela ukuba ushiye ngokwakho amaninzi bonke bazihluthe eziwa abalimi. Kwaye akukho namnye wokukhalaza. Njengoko amazwi ngexesha elifanayo ngumbalisi, 'isikhumba ndiziqhawule ", eshiya nto abantu. Abanjalo naziintuthumbo ngeentuthumbo niqashele manenekazi, utsho sisishwankathelo "Luban".

Yintoni umthetho uthi

Okokuqala, abalimi, njengoko wonke umntu wayesazi ngelo xesha, ziye zohlulwa uluntu kunye abaqeshisi. kube lula karhulumente. Ukuba bahlawule imali esisigxina, kwaye nabo akazange afune zemastas - bangaphi abaya kufuna ukulufunda. Kwaye akukho mthetho awusebenzi kubo. Bona phambi kwakhe "ufile" njengokuba umhambi uyibeke. Yiyo le abahlali kunye Luban. Umfama uyavuka phambi komthetho kuphela ukuba ingozi kuluntu. Loo nto xa avezwe, kwaye bagwetywe. Umthetho Umnini kwabalelwa kuye, akubhalwanga. Kuquka kwidolophana Luban, isishwankathelo sebali apho kubonwa apha.

Ngenxa walahla ngokwabo umhambi

Waya evela Umlimi, owathi, nangona bekhalazela ishwangusha ekrakra; kodwa pha zange makayithabathe, eziguquguqula, ngoxa yena uphila kunye parsley yakhe coachman. Wabetha ngenxa yokuba umqhubi babengenalo ixesha ukumnceda ukunxiba. Kwaye umhambi waba shame kunzima ukuba waphakamisa isandla sakhe lowo nabuganga ukuyokukhaba. Kwezi zibona wafikelela isikhululo yeposi elandelayo.

Oku iqukumbela isishwankathelo kwesahluko "Luban" Radishchev. Kodwa uhambo nje iqalile, yaye abaninzi ngakumbi ngokungenabuntu, ukuba unokumvusa amandla sidwelise ebantwini, bona umbhali kumendo wakhe. Le nkcazelo iza kuhlawula nzima, kodwa watshabalalisa iincwadi ziya kwakhona ukuba ahambe phezu kwezandla zakhe. Akukho nalwazelelelo ye abasemagunyeni kuba namandla phezu ilizwi, bephethe inyaniso, kunye nenkululeko.