Yintoni ikhosistim?

Yintoni ecosystem, yaye nini kule kota? Ingcamango umanyano eziphilayo nendawo yazo yabuya entloko isiGrike, kodwa ngumfuziselo ingcamango izazinzulu kuphela kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukususela ekuzalweni kukaKristu. Le nkcazelo yanamhlanje, echaza ukuba ecosystem enjalo, uya into enjengale (ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo kukho ukungangqinelani kancinane): ingqokelela eziphilayo ezihlala ngokwentelekiso uhlobo olufanayo site landscape ophilileyo, kunye indlela yonxulumano, onoxanduva ngotshintshiselwano phakathi mba kunye namandla, kunye yokuhlala, okanye biotope.

Eziphilayo zihlelwa ngokungqinelana iqondo uzinzo kunye neyantlukwano. Ngokomzekelo - Ashera ezinde. Le ecosystem azinzile monocultural. Umzekelo esizikholelwayo elinemvula. Neyantlukwano eziphilayo enqila kangangokuba nabahambi lowu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba maxa wambi kumnombo emehlweni kunzima ukufumana izityalo ezimbini uhlobo olunye.

ingqiqo ecosystem lubandakanya amacandelo amaninzi. iingcali Environmental ukwahlula klimatop - chemical ukwakhiwa emoyeni okanye bume zolwelo, le nxalenye uphawu lwe landscape. Edafotop - umhlaba, okufana le eziphilayo. Ecotop - iseti iimeko zokusingqongileyo, indawo yokuhlala - indawo mhlaba, ngokweemeko zabo ezifanelekileyo yokuhlala iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Ke ekugqibeleni, lo biocoenosis - zizo zonke izinto eziphilayo ayengabemi ndawo mhlaba. Lemvelo - inzululwazi asakhulayo, ivela, ngoko abathile izazinzulu zifakiwe kwi-ecosystem izinto ezongezelelweyo ukuba umngeni koogxa babo. Noko ke, into nje kuphela yokuhlelwa. Abanye bakhetha amacandelo ngaphezulu kwisahlulo iqhezu ecosystem, ngoxa abanye bephikisa kubo.

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda oko yendalo, sifanele sikhumbule ukuba ifuthe zabantu kwihlabathi elisingqongileyo ayikho into yonke leminyaka, kodwa unyaka ngamnye uya usomelela. Ngoko ke, kukho isixa esikhulu eziphila ngumntu, ekubeni kusekwe kwaye nokugcinwa apho loo mntu kakhulu efanelekileyo. Umzekelo ibonisa eziphilayo eyenziwe ngumntu onjalo - umhlaba wezolimo ukwahluka yayo yonke. endle ezinengqolowa, esitiyeni apile, cotton kumasimi - yonke imizekelo eziphila ngumntu zonke iimpawu ze-ikhosistim zendalo, zendalo.

uhlobo ezahlukileyo eziphilayo ezenziwe lo mzi. mzi-mveliso Modern linentsingiselo ekhethekileyo eziphilayo ebizwa ngokuba "Planet Earth." Oku kuchaphazela kuphela izidalwa zalo ezingabamelwane, kodwa 'nge ufikelelo olusisiseko "- on ezo nkqubo, apho ezahlulwe kulo ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. On amashumi, amakhulu, kwaye maxa wambi amawaka eekhilomitha. Kwaye akukho nje ungcoliseko. iimfuno Amanqaku emzini bayakwazi ukutshintsha ukwakhiwa eziphilayo, maxa wambi nkqu kwelinye izwekazi. A Umzekelo classic: ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno omzi abenzi bephepha banyanzeleka ukuba uhlakulele iintlobo ezithile zemithi, eyona efanelekileyo wemveliso. Kulo mba, ihlathi phambi imithi eyenziwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo minyaka, baze babe monovozrastnymi monocultural.

inzululwazi Modern kuvumela ukuba uphendule umbuzo kakhulu ngokupheleleyo ukuba ecosystem, yintoni na impembelelo yayo phezu kwabantu (and vice versa). Yaye kuthekani ukuba ziziphi iindlela lokulondoloza indalo zikwimeko efanelekileyo ubomi okuqhelekileyo Homo sapiens, impikiswano iyaqhubeka. Uninzi ayavuma ingcamango ukuba isisombululo engcono kungaba ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa. Noko ke, oko kuthetha ukufikelela kuyo - umbuzo omkhulu.