Yintoni imeko-mthetho lowo? isimo ubhalo Criminogenic

Malunga imeko ulwaphulo-mthetho ngayo, sonke siva phezu iindaba, funda amaphephandaba, kodwa maxa wambi de kube sekupheleni yaye babengazi ukuba yintoni na. Masiqonde le ngcamango, cinga iintlobo ezikhoyo, ngokunjalo iindlela ukuzikhusela ngokwabo ukuba ungena kuwo.

Yintoni imeko-mthetho lowo?

Kuyaqondeka njengesiganeko okanye imeko leyo eyabangela ukuba lo mntu enze isigqibo nomthetho. Ngamanye amazwi, le iseti iimeko apho umntu phambi kokuba lwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa. Ezi iimeko luchaphazele ingqondo yakhe, uya, iimvakalelo, kunye ngokungqinelana iimpawu yokuziphatha umntu, ukuba umnqweno walo nokuzimisela ukuba benze i-mthetho (uzibulele okanye ngokungakhathali) isenzo. Ngoko ke, le meko lolwaphulo usesikhundleni ebalulekileyo kakhulu izizathu elukhuni ikhomishini ulwaphulo-mthetho othile. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kuba ngathi kwindawo oluphakathi phakathi kwe ngubani umoni, indawo kunye nomthetho.

Ucalulo swonghasi Resources isimo

Kuxhomekeka umthombo imvelaphi, ekwabelwana ziintlobo ezintathu ngeemeko criminogenic:

• abo kudala ngabom ngokwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho, umzekelo, kucothe ngabom kugqitywe ngawo nawaphi na amaxwebhu, iziqinisekiso (tape) ukuya ukuphanga sicengo;
• kriminogennosti meko esiyingozi ezibangelwa kuyo, kodwa ngokulahleka (umz, zokusela iziselo ezinxilisayo, nto leyo iye ibange nokudalwa kwiimeko zonxunguphalo endleleni);
• isimo evela kakubi ukuziphatha uyephula ngayo nabanye abantu, umzekelo, kwakuwo yamanyathelo ukuzithethelela xa umntu kwanyanzeleka ukuba akhusele izinto zakhe okanye izalamane zakhe;
• imeko wadala yi amaxhoba na ulwaphulo-mthetho, ziquka ukuziphatha inkanuko, imbonakalo (iinkcukacha ngakumbi kule miba inxaxheba othile okanye inzululwazi "wamaxhoba ');
• imeko criminogenic ezenzeka ngenxa naziphi zemvelo, ukuze iindidi ezahlukeneyo ziintlekele (onogumbe, inyikima, njl) ukudala umda ebanzi abaphangi;
• simo okubangelwa ngengozi.

Kunokuthi ugalelwe kunye neemeko: umzekelo, umqhubi sikwimo utywala kakhulu okanye iziyobisi kuye ingozi kwingxaki, kungekhona icandelo kwakulungiswa yendlela, kwiimeko yemozulu embi (imvula, nesiphango, inkungu, njalo njalo). Ukongeza zendalo, kwaye kukho ekumgangatho wabantu ezibalulekileyo.

imiba Victim

Ingcamango kulwaphulo- kwakunxibelelene kunye amaxhoba ayo. Ngaphandle isifundo ngokucokisekileyo yobuntu nokuthintelwa ixhoba andingekhe ndiwugqithe lisondela zemveli. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha ungubani amaxhoba zonke iimeko ngenxa abaye bezise. Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko mthetho wadala yi izenzo egameni yexhoba. Othile uzibekele iinjongo ezithile:

• ukufunda ubuntu exhoba kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe;
• imfundo ngokusemthethweni abemi: nokuba akukho ulwazi olusisiseko, uninzi yamaxhoba ngokupheleleyo okanye onke, ukuba benze njani kubo practice;
• epistemological: ngelishwa, kuyaqondakala ukuba uphuhliso le industry kuphela kwi isanda, ngoxa kwi-US kunye amanye amazwe aseYurophu kokuba unikwa ingqwalasela kunye ekusifundeni eyaneleyo.

Okubalulekileyo Victimological ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Eneneni, yinto amaziko ezizodwa zentlalo, olujoliswe yokuchonga nokulungisa izinto kunye neemeko ebangele ukuba ukuziphatha ixhoba. Umsebenzi lwenziwa kumanqanaba amathathu: jikelele kwezentlalo, ezizodwa kunye ngamnye. Uthintelo Victimological - yinto yingcamango. Ulwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka kukunikwa kwe-onke amanyathelo kunokwenzeka zokuthintela.

isimo Long criminogenic

Ngezantsi kuzo ngokuqhelekileyo luqondwa iimeko ezinjalo (imeko) ukuba zenzeka kudala ngaphambi kwexesha ulwaphulo-mthetho. Zihlala ixesha elithile ixesha echaphazela umntu ngokwasengqondweni, ngokufuthi emangalisayo kunye uxinezeleke. Sinokuthi babonakala 'kubalungiselela' umntu ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Imizekelo imeko ulwaphulo-mthetho kweli hlobo zixhaphakile: iingxabano usapho elide, ahlale kwindawo zentlalo ntle (ingakumbi echaphazela ulutsha kunye nabantwana), njl

Mfutshane isimo criminological

igama lwabo lwesibini - elahlwayo. Kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngexesha basoloko badibane kunye ulwaphulo-mthetho, olufana ingxabano kwindawo yokutyela, iklabhu, nokuba aphantsi ngokuhambelana kwi evenkileni. Kangangexesha kancane ixesha uphuhliso imeko yongquzulwano, esiphela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukulwa, ukubetha, gadalala, njl

Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba kukho indibanisela lweentlobo ezimbini, umzekelo ngexesha ungquzulwano elide lomtshato phakathi kwendoda nomfazi xa indoda asele utywala okanye iziyobisi rhoqo, yena wabethwa, aphathwe kakubi, bathotywe isidima somntu. Kodwa lwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa ngenxa yoko, njengokuba bathi, "drop yokugqibela 'isenzo esithile, elifutshane elide kunye kwindawo ethile.

isimo jikelele criminogenic

Le yokuhlela ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo apho, ngokutsho kuyo, iindidi ezimbini imeko ubugebengu.

Jikelele, okt unabela ngaphezulu indawo enkulu kakhulu, umzekelo, ukunqongophala naziphi iimpahla okanye iinkonzo ngaphakathi kummandla othile okanye kwilizwe bangela ukuthutyeleziswa ulwaphulo eRashiya.

isimo Local criminogenic

Ukuba kwenzeka kwi ariya ethile, elinganiselwe, ezifana nezindlu okanye ungquzulwano ngokusekelwe ubudlelwane abaziingcali kwiqela yentlangano ethile, nenqala, ilahleko impahla, njl

Ukwahlukanisa umxholo

• Ingxaki - kubutha yokuba umntu onyanzelwayo ukuba ukujonga iindlela kuthetha kunokwenzeka ngaphandle meko okanye ubomi iimeko ngoku, ukuba kufikelelwe kule njongo, umzekelo, xa ufuna ukuthumela ityala imali (phantsi isisongelo yobomi yabo okanye esibathandayo), kwaye uqhuba abantu ukuba benze ubusela.
• Impixano - ukungavumelani kuvela xa umenzi wobubi kunye nabanye abantu okanye imibutho karhulumente kunye noluntu; umzekelo, kuba ukukreqa mthetho ongumntwana, nto leyo edla sisiphumo ezinixabanisa nabazali, ootitshala, abanye abantu ubudala eziphezulu.
• Ngokugqithisileyo, oko kukuthi engaqhelekanga, imeko ezingaxhaphakanga umntu ukuba abe negalelo elikhulu kuye, umzekelo, izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho inkanuko, oko kukuthi Njengokungeniswa engqondweni womelele.

Ulwahlulo yohlobo igalelo

Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo nyathelo yindoda, kukho ezi meko zilandelayo criminogenic:

• ingqondo (bemlinga), ukuba abe nempembelelo lingasenza ukuzityhala kunye umntu ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho, umzekelo, ibhegi ungajongwangwa okanye imoto enesitshixo kwi ucinezelo, indlela yokuziphatha ixhoba;
• ezinxulumene;
• alahlwa - bakufikise ukunyenyisa okuthile kwempixano nasengqondweni, nto leyo kwabangelwa nayiphi na enye imeko;
• nzima.

Iimpawu imeko ubugebengu

Nayiphi na imeko mthetho kubume bayo yinjongo, kuquka iimpawu zesifundo kunye nezinto zokuxhatshazwa, ixesha neendawo, zemozulu kunye nezinye iimeko. Njengoko sezulu abanokusebenza iimeko apho ukukhetha ikhomishini ulwaphulo-mthetho, umzekelo, ukhuseleko zaneleyo impahla, amacandelo indlela olungxamisekileyo nododobalisa movement ingqondo yokuziphatha ixhoba (esebenzayo okanye vukele) njl njl

Ngelo xesha linye imeko lolwaphulo onesimilo luluvo, oko kubonwa umntu othile onjalo. Kulo mzekelo, kwimbono zomlinganiswa kuxhomekeke iimpawu zayo zokuziphatha nezengqondo ezikhokelela ekubeni ukuziphatha kakubi okanye eyakhayo kwezi meko. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba nkqu imeko ezingaginyisi ayisoloko kukhokelela ikhomishini ulwaphulo-mthetho. Kubalulekile bobabo nemeko yomntu (iimboniselo inkqubo, utyekelo, ulangazelelo).

Criminogenic imeko mlinganiswa kufuneka achongwe ngokukhawuleza siqukunjelwe ngoncedo amanyathelo ezizodwa - lo mzuzu ebalulekileyo kwiinzame zokuthintela owayeze mthetho.

Kudla kukho ezitshatileyo ingqiqo ka "imeko-mthetho 'kwaye" imeko. " Phantsi kwikota yokuqala, ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni lwembono, kufuneka ibandakanye ezinye indibanisela izinto ezithi zibe negalelo kwindlela ulondolozo oluzinzileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukukhula (ngamnye kwisizukulwana okanye uhlobo) kwintsimi ethile (republic, isixeko okanye indawo ethile geographical). Kwaye oku izahlule ingqiqo imeko-mthetho. Ukuba kuqala phikelela okanye zimbi sele imeko embi kwi ulwaphulo-mthetho akhoyo, ngoko kwikota yesibini ichaza iimeko enokukhokelela isenzo wohlwaywe ngumthetho-mthetho, kodwa akubi njalo.

ERashiya, ingakumbi kwezinye iingingqi, imeko ulwaphulo usahleli nzima.

imibono ye ratio ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nemeko mthetho

Lo mbuzo kakhulu ukuphose kuthathwa kule ncwadi yomthetho. Kodwa mhlawumbi, le meko mthetho kufuneka iqondwe eyongeziweyo lobeko lwe swonghasi kunokwenzeka. Kodwa asingabo bonke, kodwa kuphela ukuba apho isifundo kwenjongo mthetho okanye ufakelo koluntu uqalisa ukusebenza. Ezinye izazinzulu zithi ukuba ulwazi imeko (ulwaphulo) lo mthetho olwenziwe ngeempawu ngezifo ezifana ingcamango ogqibeleleyo lolwaphulo-mthetho lodidi ethile (ezifana ubunjubaqa ongumntwana) kunye neziphumo zazo. Of umdla inkulu ukuhlelwa imibuzo, njengoko oku kuza kudala ubuchule uphando yabucala ngokusekelwe mpawu ezahlukeneyo.

Amanqanaba le meko mthetho

Xa iyonke bathathu. Makhe sihlolisise nganye iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

1. Predkriminalnaya meko - yinto indlela ekhethekileyo iimeko nemiqathango, ixesha kunye nendawo uhlobo lolwaphulo-kubudlelwane kunye amaxhoba ayo, ebangela modus. Amaninzi ukuba eyenziwe ngexesha ekuphunyezweni intshukumo wokulungiselela: elungiselela kunye nokunatyiswa kwesicwangciso, ukukhetha izixhobo, indawo. Izenzo ezinjalo kwenza i imeko umongo predkriminogennoy kuphela xa zichazwe kwi sengqondo inqaku ahambelanayo.

2. imeko Eneneni mthetho. Ingaba inkqubo esekwe imiqathango kunye neemeko, ezo eziza kuphunyezwa nge injongo mthethweni. Kuyabonakala ngqo kwi mzuzu xa inyathelo lolwaphulo iqala.

3 post-meko. Oku kuquka iziganeko ezenzeka emva kokuba ikhomishini isenzo mthetho. Oku kubandakanya yokuzifihla okanye ukutshatyalaliswa imizila kunye nezinye iindlela yokuphepha nobutyala.

imeko Criminogenic nokuphepha

Singaweli kweemeko ezingentle, imeko akukho mntu omzimba. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kukuba ukugcina ukuzola, benesidima ingqondo. Umthetho osisiseko yokhuseleko xa engena imeko criminogenic (esitratweni, xa kwiindawo zoluntu , njl) ingavezwa amagama amathathu: ukuba sizilindele, ukuphepha nesenza.

Imeko esingundoqo ukhuseleko - kukuphepha ukudibana ngqo umoni. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezinye amagqabantshintshi kunye bokuqonda. imeko Criminogenic kwenzeka kakhulu ebusuku, xa gqa iindawo, masango, bekwilift. Ngoko zama ukuba ibe esitratweni ebusuku kuphela. Hlala uzolile yaye siqinisekile, akukho zimpawu ixhoba (ukudakumba, ukudinwa, ukudinwa, nokukhubazeka ngokwamalungu omzimba) kwaye uzame ukuba ukutsala ingqalelo iibhegi ezinkulu zexabiso. Nini yokukhetha umzila, khetha lowo ekhuselekileyo, kodwa hayi mfutshane.

Ulwaphulo eRashiya kakhulu phezulu, ngenxa kuyo kwindawo yokuqala umgangatho wokuphila kunye nokusebenza kwezoqoqosho. Njengoko ibinzana esitalini: onibonisileyo - into forearmed. Ukuba indawo ohlala kuyo okanye baye emsebenzini, abe nodumo mthetho, musa bangawutyesheli imithetho ukuzikhusela.