Yintoni iphamflethi? Iimpawu ze uhlobo

Namhlanje sithethe ngayo igama elithi "iphamflethi". ukubaluleka kwalo iya kuchazwe banzi apha. Sithetha iintlobo zomsebenzi zobugcisa journalistic. Kudla kubhaliwe sibhekiswe inkqubo yezopolitiko yangoku okanye amaqela ayo ngamnye.

Okukodwa

Iphamflethi - uhlobo elidla uthelekiswa iqela elithile eluntwini, iqela, urhulumente. amaxesha imisebenzi enjalo ukuveza amalungu alo oluntu. Le pamphlet sinentsingiselo efanayo kunye eyinyani, yaye umbhali wayo kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka umbhali. Imizamo yokuqala ukubonisa inani labantu olunye, kwaye eyesibini ijolise ekuphuhliseni umlinganiswa. Ingqwalasela negative oluphawula olu hlobo, uyicwangcise ku kwicala lokwala, sesichengeni, ehlekwa, enobuzalwane nomini wakhe neentlobo satirical yoncwadi. Apha ifumaneka impikiswano kunye indida.

reflection of engokoqobo

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo oko iphamflethi, sifanele sikhumbule ukuba wayebhekisela umntu othile, yaye izibakala ezithile. It wagxothwa njengeyabo. Art ngendlela umbhali imisebenzi enjalo iimpawu elinzima uvuthondaba, kwakunye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ubaxo nkqu indida. Ngoko ke, masikhe sizame nje ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngaxeshanye ngaphakathi nkcazelo single ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, yintoni na incwadana. Sithetha nje, ikakhulu izihloko fiction elizele yezopolitiko, leyo ikufuphi eziliqela iimpawu ukuba uvuthondaba.

Pamphlet kwakhona kubakho kule ncwadi. Kule meko sithetha malunga nokuqaliswa kwe iyelenqe etsomo isebenza umlinganiswa ukuba uphawu eni umntu othile, inkcazelo echanekileyo yokuziphatha okanye imbonakalo. ratio iphamflethi kunye neencwadi ezininzi. Oku kumiselwa iimeko zembali. Ngoko ke, iphetshana ineencwadi ulwalamano nobuntatheli. ukuguquka kwabo kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezithile zembali.

indaba

Ukuba sithethe inyaniso yokuba iphetshana enjalo, kuyaphawuleka ukuba ilizwi intsukaphi kwinkulungwane XIV. Ekuqaleni Bambiza neperepletonnuyu ncwadana ngaphandle iqweqwe. Ngenxa uhlobo, le meko iye yaphuhliswa ngexesha yoHlaziyo. Iimpawu pamphlet semvelo - focus polemical, Ukuhambisana, kune - kwasekwa kumaxesha amandulo ziwathetha, diatribes kunye invectives. Makhe sithethe ngezi izenzakalo iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Diatribe - uhlobo iincwadi zamandulo, leyo wadalwa yi mGxeki sobulumko kwi III. BC. e. Sithetha kuxoxwa, imixholo bulumko ikakhulu yokuziphatha. Yayithetha polemic ugxeke, leyo yaqhutywa umdlali welinye icala ngengqondo, kunye behlasela ezikumila lobuqu. Uhlobo diatribe kamva ukubeka isiseko sekamva umyalezo lamaKristu.

isisekelo

Ubuchule AbaGxeki, ezazingakholelwa iziseko ezingundoqo kunye nokuxabiseka koluntu, kuye kwaba izandi ezincinane iqapheleka satirical apho. Hlobo loncwadi wadala yi igama labaGxeki Menippus of Godard. iingxoxo bulumko-satirical lo mbhali ukuba yenziwe ibali kumnandi. Le ndlela wavumela abuhlungu kwaye emangalisayo ukuba zidlale ngaye ubuthathaka kunye nezikolo kwindlela yokucinga yabantu. Menippus isebenza kule mini azikhange zigcinwe. Nangona kunjalo, imifuziselo ukwasikhombisa zenzo indima baninzi. uvuthondaba Menippean ababhali wadala Mark Terentsy Varro kunye Lucian.

uvuthondaba loncwadi kunye yabangela iphamflethi ze isebe journalistic. E Rome, isiqalo kokumgxeka wazibonakalisa invective - umntu bethetha kakubi. iintlobo zoncwadi yale meko zahlukahlukene: kweentetho polemical kunye namanqaku, epigrams. Icandelo ezopolitiko invective na umlinganiswa kwegama-ukubiza umntu othile. Olu isincoko "Invective nxamnye uCicero" ubunikazi Sallust. Lo msebenzi uzama ukuba atshabalalise yokuziphatha kwalo mntu apho umntu usapho, abapolitiki, nomkhuseli eyonakeleyo, imisebenzi mthethweni ekhokelayo enkundleni.

UCicero wathi, akukho invective ndelelo ngaphantsi kunye ngqwabalala. Olu hlobo iye uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo lwe wezepolitiki kummandla eRoma. UCicero wakhupha invective nxamnye Clodius. Kwaye izidalwa ezifana nazo isiseko ukuvela uhlobo ochazwe sithi.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na incwadana. Sithemba ukuba le lwazi luya kuba luncedo.