Yintoni Russia phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX? Isishwankathelo i "Notes i Hunter"

Ndiya kuqala ibali lam malunga iinkosi ezibalaseleyo ilizwi, owazalwa ilizwe Russian, omnye episode langutana. Lo mcimbi, leyo yena wamkhumbula babebiza nangombulelo ngaphezu kanye. Ngu Ivanu Sergeevichu Turgenevu kwisikhululo sikaloliwe encinane kweza amagcisa amabini eenkomo wayenyanisile, ngaba yinyani ukuba nazo umbhali "Amanqaku a Hunter". Ukuva Akuvuma, bobabini baqubuda kuye esinqeni, esithi ukuba yena - isaphetha abantu Russian (embindini - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII ukwazi isishwankathelo "Notes kwe Hunter" waye umqondiso incasa elungileyo). Ndikholelwe, abafundi abathandekayo, ukuba akukho senzo sokutyhuthuzela zabantu abatsha. Yaba umboniso olunzulu ngendima lobuqu walencwadi ukupheliswa serfdom.

Makhe nisinga kuphawu ncwadi. Ekuqaleni, siphawula: on lo mbhalo kwinqanaba master - isihobe iprozi - kwakukho abantu ababini kuphela: Gogol kunye Turgenev. Kokubeka isishwankathelo 'Notes kwe Hunter "kufuneka iqale ibali kwimibongo ezichuliweyo Turgenev kaThixo" Polecat kunye Kalinych ". uluvo oluphambili Its - to inter-ngokuphathelele ubuhlobo abantu ababini - uNdikhoyo kunye serf, a kunokwenzeka, mhlawumbi, kuphela eRashiya. Zolani, kulinganiswa logic umnini polecat kakuhle intw Kalinych ngokweemvakalelo.

Ophambili of Turgenev, eqwalasele kunye ingoma "Memoirs ..." - uthandana ekhaya umnikazi encinane enakhanyiselwa ngayo kwiphondo Oryol. Egameni umhambi ngu chernozems lweenkobe kwaye echaza Turgenev "Amanqaku a Hunter". umxholo webali inobuso ezininzi: umzingeli la makhwenkwe abehambise amahashe ebusuku ( "Bezhin engcotyeni"), ngoko ngesisa isixelela achukumisayo intsomi ngoma ( "Singers"), emva koko wabelane imfihlelo - komntu enakhanyiselwa ngayo kubizwa ngokuba umhlaba isazela lokuzalwa kwakhe ngoThixo Owasasaza Kasyanov Beautiful Ngamakrele.

Turgenev wadala ngoko art-ogqibeleleyo yaye intle, imifanekiso yokwenene abalimi, noohlohlesakhe abangaphuhlanga, evulekileyo, lowo uthandana nabo umfundi vuxiyaxiya, kodwa ngaxeshanye, "Amanqaku a Hunter" ezi ncwadi lokwenyaniso ombambazelayo malunga nabantu Russian kwiminyaka leminyaka XIX. Yokuhlala ngoko ke uhlobo iphambili kwezolimo. Noko ke, benani Ivan Sergeyevich mihla benza charisma zabo imperious kunye nezinga sikude ekubeni Catherine lakomkhulu ( "Raspberry Water"). Nkqubo isishwankathelo 'Notes kwe Hunter,' siya sinokuthi serfdom kwinkulungwane XIX, a ndidiniwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwakungekho nto ingako imihlaba, abaqeshisi zasekhaya ukulawula amakhoboka abo babeqhelisela arraignment kunye nesohlwayo.

Ngamakhoboka, ke, akukho malungelo. Kulula ukuba buhlungu, ukuba ungonwabi, abakwazi ukuba kangangoko ezifanelekileyo ukulahla bona kunye nobomi babo. Akumangalisi ke, lonke uluntu likhubazeke, ukuba abantu amakhoboka, ngamakhoboka anqunyulwe imisebenzi emininzi yasekuhlaleni. ubomi lithemba ngokufuthi abasebenzi liye lehla ukunxila, ukuxoka, ubuvila. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukugcina yonke indlu kokuba wawabeka ezizibeni zamagxa kwabasetyhini, ngoxa abantu basela. Kwaye xa ubomi nodandatheko, kwavuka uqhushululu anegazi abaziziyatha kwaye ukhohlakele. Igama lokuqala "unkqonkqozayo!" Umbhali wabanika omnye imisebenzi yakhe. Ingcamango umngcipheko ingapheli ngogonyamelo eluntwini enesiqulatho ibali elifutshane. "Amanqaku a Hunter", sanga ideologically kuthwa kamva ibali yimizekeliso "Mumu": abantu namagorha, lingenakuthetha nje, ungaveli nothobela kufutshane, inkosikazi ezincinane.

Umjikelo Ibali Turgenev kaThixo (ekugcineni yanyatheliswa 1852) wadlala indima enkulu inkululeko zaba balimi. Makhe achaze ingcinga lokugqibela (emva kokuba onke, sele ukwazi isishwankathelo "Amanqaku a Hunter"). Ngokunzulu lyric, Ivan Sergeyevich, azi ngokuqinisekileyo umsebenzi wakhe eluntwini. Nangona Turgenev akazange wayethanda ulwimi ukuluma, nzima, ukuyilahla abanini amancinci-nye nonke, oozwilakhe encinane, kodwa ngenkohlakalo, emxinwa-kwentliziyo, abaqeshisi ungonakala yokuziphatha Zverkov, Stegunova, Penochkin uwubonise ngokupheleleyo. Wasebenzisa isixhobo esinamandla ngakumbi - kubuhlungu, umphefumlo-ongathathi inyaniso. Le series ngasentla yamabali, njengoko kuboniswa Chronicle, wenza kwazika isihlandlo ngaphezu kwesinye ukuwufunda lo Russian uMlawuli Alexander II. Njengoko usazi, abantu ngokwabo ngombulelo wabiza lo kumkani owakubhangisayo okunene serfdom, i uMkhululi.