Biography Krylova I. A. Ubomi kunye ngoMsebenzi fabulist odumileyo

Biography Krylova I. A. yaqala baphuma eMoscow, apho umbhali elizayo kunye fabulist wazalwa 2 (13) February 1769

Childhood Krylov

Abazali Ivan Andreyevich kwafuneka rhoqo ukuhamba ukusuka kwindawo ethile ukuya kwenye. Xa phakathi kwimvukelo yamahlwempu elikhokelwa Emelyan Pugachev Krylov kunye nomama wakhe babe Orenburg, uyise umbhali elizayo yaba ikapteni kwidolophu Yaik. Igama Andreya Krylova wada okhankanywe kuluhlu pugachovskom kwi isisitheliso, kodwa ngethamsanqa intsapho, akazange eze kuyo. Noko ke, emva komzuzwana uyafa Andrei Krylov kunye nosapho nangoku imali encinane okanye hayi. unina Ivan likaThixo kwanyanzeleka ukuba basebenze kumakhaya abantu abazizityebi. Krylov waqalisa ukusebenza kwi beselula - kweminyaka elithoba. Wanikwa ukuba umvuzo omncinci ubhale amaphepha zoshishino.

Emva koko, le nkwenkwe ofundileyo endlwini N. A. Lvova, umbhali odumileyo. Ivan wafunda nabantwana umninindlu, bahlangana amagcisa kunye ababhali, ngubani ngokufuthi weza kutyelela eLviv, waphulaphula nengxoxo yabo.

Ngenxa yemfundo ethile zale umbhali kamva sijamelene neengxaki ezininzi. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha wakwazi ukufunda ukubhala, ukwandisa kakhulu zexa elizayo babo bade kakuhle ulwimi Italian.

Imizamo yokuqala ekubhaleni

A nqanaba entsha sele kuqalile kwi kubomi fabulist ukususela intsapho yakowabo yafudukela eSt Petersburg. Biography Krylova I. A. ngeli xesha na ngakumbi umdla, kuba ngeli xesha, yaba amanyathelo yakhe yokuqala endleleni zoncwadi. Kule northern capital fabulist unina waya ukusombulula umba ipension, kodwa imigudu yakhe yatsho phantsi.

Krylov ngokwakhe, ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha ilize, yahlulahlulwe ukuba asebenze kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo seSigqeba. Nangona kunjalo, azikho ushishino olusemthethweni ochaphazelekayo kakhulu malunga naloo nto. Phantse lonke ixesha free ayigqiba phezu zezifundo zoncwadi, imidlalo yeqonga, uqala ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo abadlali abanetalente ezaziwayo-kakuhle, kwakunye P. A. Soymonovym, umlawuli we yeqonga.

Kwanasemva kokufa unina Ivan neenkanuko kuhlala enye. Nangona ngoku fabulist elizayo kunzima: umele lumkani ukuba umninawa wakhe, owathi washiywa zesandla sakhe.

Biography Krylova I. A. kwi imi--80. - a intsebenziswano rhoqo kunye nehlabathi imidlalo. Ngeli xesha, ezandleni zakhe shiya mdlalo for the opera "Kofeynitsa," "usapho Mad", "Cleopatra", kwakunye comedy, owaziwa ngelika "Umbhali epasejini." Nam udumo okanye iimali ezinkulu ngokuqinisekileyo abazange beze. Kodwa Krylov kuvumeleka ukuba azibandakanye isangqa nabahlobo zababhali St. Petersburg.

Lo mfana ithatha phantsi iphiko yakhe umbhali wemidlalo ethandwa kwaye ufuna ukunceda Knyazhin Krylov ukukhuthaza ngakumbi ngempumelelo imisebenzi yabo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Ivan Andreyevich uyala nje eli uncedo, kodwa ime ubuhlobo Knyazhinym, uze emva koko wabhala comedy "Pranksters" apho yonke indlela yokwenza ukuhlekisa ekuchubekeni kunye nomfazi wakhe kunokwenzeka. Akumangalisi ukuba kanye comedy wavalwa ngenxa yaso, yaye umbhali yaba neentlobano oniwe kunye ababhali, kwaye icandelo yeqonga, ngalo imisebenzi zabekwa eqongeni.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka Krylov ukulungele ukuzama isandla sakhe lobuntatheli. Le magazini "Morning Watch" amaculo akhe yapapashwa ngo-1788, kodwa kwakhona kuyaqapheleka. Emva koku, uIvan Andreevich wagqiba ukwenza ekupapasheni kwijenali yakhe ( "Imeyili imimoya") ukuba uya iinyanga ezisibhozo ka1789, "imimoya Mail" yimilo yokuhambelana intsomi abalinganiswa - UDema kunye nakoosiyazi. Umbhali ubhala caricature izobrazhnie uluntu ngelo xesha. Noko ke, eli phephancwadi obugubungele ukuhluza, echaza ukuba upapasho waba izikhokhelo 80 kuphela.

Ukususela ngo-1790 Krylov waye umhlala phantsi, uze emva koko nizinikele ngokupheleleyo ukuba umsebenzi wokubhala. Ngeli xesha ngobomi Krylova I. A. ngokusondeleyo edibene iindlela zobomi buddies umbhali - A. Klushina, P. Plavilshchikov kunye I. Dmitriev. Ivan Andreyevich kuqhuba umatshini wokushicilela kunye nabahlobo uqala ukupapasha eli phephancwadi "I Lababukeli" (kamva - "St. Petersburg Mercury"). Ngowe-1793, eli phephancwadi ekugqibeleni yavalwa kwaye amaphiko kangangeminyaka eliqela wayishiya elikomkhulu.

Xa inkonzo Prince Golitsyn

De 1797 Krylov uhlala e Moscow, yaye ke iqala ukuhamba eli lizwe, beme izindlu kunye nempahla abahlobo bakhe. Fabulist osoloko ekhangela imithombo yengeniso, yaye kangangexesha elithile afumaneka okunqwenelekayo imidlalo ikhadi. Hi ndlela leyi, Krylov wayesaziwa njengomdlali yimpumelelo kakhulu yayisecicini uyajola.

Prince Sergey Fedorovich Golitsyn simazi Ivanom Andreevichem, wacela ukuba utitshala wakhe ekhaya kunye unobhala. Krylov uhlala elishiywe Prince malunga kummandla kwiphondo Kiev kwaye inxaxheba uncwadi kunye neelwimi noonyana intshisakalo. Apha ubhala nemidlalo zokusingatha inkqubo yemidlalo yeqonga ikhaya, kwakunye ekufundeni isakhono imidlalo izixhobo zomculo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngowe-1801, wanyukela etroneni, Alexander I, waba nentembelo ngakumbi kwezi Golitsyn waza wammisela Livonian iRhuluneli-Jikelele. Krylov, ke, anike ndawo ofisi irhuluneli. De 1803 fabulist ukusebenza e Riga, waza ke waya umzalwana wakhe Serpukhov.

udumo creative

Ubuchule kunye biography Krylov abe umdla ingakumbi ukususela ngelo xesha. Eneneni, kweli xesha, incwadi yokuqala Krylov ( "pie") iwina iintliziyo abaphulaphuli kunye buyanceda bulungise elide-elindelwe kumbhali. Ugqiba ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe loncwadi kunye wabuyela eSt Petersburg.

Ngowe-1805, Ivan A. ubonisa I. Dmitriev, imbongi abanetalente, iinguqulelo yakhe yokuqala yeentsomi. Kuye kucace ukuba umbhali wafumana ubizo lwakhe lokwenyaniso. Kodwa Krylov, Noko ke, epapashwe zintsomi ezintathu kuphela kwaye ubuyela umdlalo. ukuba ube yimpumelelo ingakumbi kule nkalo kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo. Krylova azi kunye nothando iingcali zobugcisa oxwlwa, yaye umdlalo "Fashion Shop" ndaboniswa nokuba enkundleni.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Krylov liya ukusuka yemidlalo vsroz abanomdla translation nokubhala iintsomi yakhe. Ngowe-1809, ivela ezishelfini yokuqokelelwa yakhe yokuqala. Ngokuthe ngcembe inani iimveliso lukhula, yavelisa ingqokelela ezintsha, yaye ngo-1830 sele iye yazuza imiqulu 8 yeentsomi Krylov kaThixo.

Ngowe-1811, Ivan A. yaba lilungu le-Russian Academy, yaye kamva iminyaka elishumi evela imbasa yakhe yegolide seempumelelo kwiincwadi. Ngowe-1841 Krylov wamisela isebe academician lolwimi Russian kunye noncwadi. Ukususela ngo 1812 umbhali esebenza njenge unolayibrari kwi-Public Library Imperial. Krylov sizifumene kwakhona ipension iinkonzo bakhe iincwadi Russian, yaye emva vosmitomnika ngaphandle Nicholas I ukwandisa umhlala kabini kwaye atyumbe ilungu lebhunga umbhali karhulumente.

Winter 1838 Petersburg ngentlonipho komthendeleko inkxaso ekubhiyozeleni isikhumbuzo amahlanu lombhali yoyilo. Ngeli xesha, Krylov wayesele ngebande elinye kunye ezakudala zoncwadi Russian - Pushkin, Derzhavin, Griboedov. intsomi zakutshanje Ivan Andreevich ziguqulelwe ngeelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-50.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1841 Krylov umva kwaye luzika phezu Vasilevsky Island, ukuhlala ngoxolo, ngenxa yenkolelo yakhe. Umbhali ibisoloko zazidlala ukuba adle kulala esofeni, ngenxa yoko ezinye ebizwa kuye kudla namavila.

Noko ke, ide izaliseke imihla yokugqibela Krylov wayesebenza yingqokelela entsha izincoko. Wafa 9 (21) Novemba 1844 eSt Petersburg by pneumonia mazwe.

iinyani ezinika umdla malunga umbhali

Kukho ezinye izinto ezinomdla ukusuka biography of Krylov, zixabisa sikhankanye kweli nqaku. Umzekelo, phantse zange fabulist shy yaye abazange baphoswe ithuba zihlekisa iintsilelo zabanye.

Xa wayehamba ecaleni eweni. Ukubona nani kakhulu nendoda endala engaziwa, abafundi sikwiholide wahleka, wathi, "kukho ilifu." Ukuhamba kubo, Krylov waphendula ezolile: "... Kwaye ke isele zakvakali".

Enye siganeko umdla kwenzeka Ivanom Andreevichem kwindawo yokubonela. ummelwane wakhe umsindo kakhulu wangqisha iinyawo zakhe ngexesha umculo, zicule kunye. Loud Krylov ngokwaneleyo wathi: "obulihlazo" ummelwane wamgxeka umbhali wabuza ukuba ongowakhe, phezu kwamaphiko ngalisayo wathi wathi "ukuba bagqwese iqonga, nto leyo ethintela mna ekuphulaphuleni kuwe [nommelwane]."

Ku kombisa yaba esenzeka emva kokufa yombhali. Yokunika imbeko Krylov, Count Orlov, owayesakuba inani ezimbini indoda emva buqu umlawuli ababethwele fabulist ibhokisi nabafundi eziqhelekileyo, de nqwelo yomngcwabo.