Yintoni kwesisu okusesikweni? Kwesisu yobulungisa kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Ukulungiswa lweempazamo enkundla

Kwesisu lobulungisa ingcamango kubonwa sisohlwayo ukuhlukunyezwa elimsulwa, akazange enze. Kwezinye iimeko, eli gama libhekisela kumxholo yokugwetyelwa ngenxa yezenzo zabo.

kileyo

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho amathuba ngokutsha okanye ukurhoxiswa kwezigqibo mthethweni. Noko ke, ukuze baphumeze oko kusenziwa nzima kakhulu. Le meko kakhulu zezo apho izigqibo engalunganga engunobangela sigqibo irhoxisiwe emva okanye ngaphambi kokuba umntu wafa eluvalelweni. Iimpazamo zinokwenzeka na nomsebenzi yabantu. ukubonakala kwazo ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo. Imposiso yezeejaji ibangelwa yobumbaxa ukuseka ubudlelwane ngokwenene abantu ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo neempawu isicelo imigangatho ethile. Ngokutsho iziphumo manani, nyaka ngamnye ngaphezu kwe-2% yezigqibo yarhoxiswa phantsi isibheno, yaye malunga ne-3% kwi igunya okugada. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye ngaphezu ezintlanu ekhulwini le Trial abawugcinayo aluphumelelanga. Eli nani libandakanya amashumi amawaka kwemiyalelo ngokungachanekanga. Umzekelo ngalinye Njengemfambilini amanqaku okusesikweni illegitimacy ngeenkqubo eyenziwa kwaye ibonisa ukuba onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ayikhange ilandelwe. Oku, bathi ukuba waphula umthetho umdla ezikhuselweyo khange. Ngaphezu koko, abasemagunyeni abanobuchule ngokwabo amalungelo amalungelo abantu, nto leyo izigqibo eziphosakeleyo kumatyala enkundleni. Konke oku, Kakade ke, kakubi ichaphazela ukuzithemba abemi, ithoba igunya kwamagosa.

imithetho Iimpawu

Inani izigqibo eziphosakeleyo ezenziwa ziinkundla, bunciphe ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba inani ayinyuki. Ngenxa yoko, kusekho into izinzile. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iinkcukacha-manani ingabonisi zonke iimeko apho inkqubo kwisimangalo phezu nokubekwa izigqibo mthethweni. Idatha ezisemthethweni abakhoyo kuphela ezo zenzo eziye irhoxisiwe ziinkundla ephezulu. Okwangoku, alikho semthethweni ukho kuzo zonke iintlobo namasiko. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, unako ukwenza iimpazamo umyalelo wenkundla, ukumiselwa, kuquka umphathi.

iimpawu eziphambili

Yintoni kwesisu okusesikweni? Ngokuba lo udidi luphawulwa iimpawu ezithile. Ngokukodwa:

1. Kusebenza yaphula ngokwemigangatho emiselweyo kwaye ibonisa ukutenxa kule ekujoliswe ezikwiinkqubo kwezomthetho.
2. Her ukuvumela amagunya abanobuchule kunye namagosa. Kwesisu wobulungisa kwenzeka kuphela xa inkqubo okanye uhlaziyo umgwebo.
3. Zonke iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho eceleni ngokusebenzisa umthetho.

umthetho wenkqubo

I-Code of Criminal Procedure kunye Code of Procedure Civil asichazi kobulungisa. Noko ke, umthetho wenkqubo:

1. Ngokuqulunqa iimpawu zayo kubalulekile.
2. Le ichaza imithetho ubhaqo yayo.
3. It umisela umyalelo nokulungiswa iimpazamo entendelezweni.
4. Ulawula imiphumo ngeenkolelo komgomo yenkqubo.

ngezigaba

imposiso Trial ibe ukuphazamiseka ethintela nje izigwebo okukhawulezayo okanye ngexesha, kodwa kwakhona alungise izinto zokufunda kunye abaseke output echanekileyo. Amatyala akutsha nje zibandakanya izinto ezifana alikho semthethweni kunye semthethweni. Okokuqala, ke, izenzo ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ezingachanekanga okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwemimiselo yomthetho wenkqubo okanye substantive. imposiso Trial kusenokuba kubi (formal) okanye enkulu. Kukho kwakhona qheke kwephulwa e:

• Kuchongwe.
• Le efukamileyo (efihlakeleyo).

Le yokugqibela musa kufuna inguqu okanye rhoxisa i sigqibo. Noko ke, ukunyhashwa efukamileyo kuba nefuthe elibi ukuthembeka kweenkundla agunyazisiweyo kunye nesigqibo amatyala.

oonobangela

Ukunyhashwa zininzi kwaye zahlukene, kodwa nayiphi na impazamo egwebayo ezinxulumene naloo mntu somntu ogunyazisiweyo. Izizathu eziphambili ngenxa kwazo ziquka:

• Unqongophalo nobuchwepheshe.
• Bad ukholo, ukungakhathali, kwaye kwezinye iimeko sengqondo mthetho ukuba umsebenzi wabo.

Iimeko phantsi zenzeka daba, kakhulu ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi inkundla imbaxa, multi-volume, kukho inani elikhulu lezifundo. iinkqubo ezinjalo badla walibala iminyaka eliqela. Ukongeza, iqondo ukubaluleka ingxinano yeejaji, iimeko sikhokelo yolawulo karhulumente apho ukuphumeza imisebenzi yobungcali.

indlela yokuphuma

Ukulungiswa kwezisu ubulungisa kunye nokuthintela ukunyhashwa kwixesha elizayo kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba elinye iqhosha, ngokutsho iingcali, likhuthaza uqeqesho lwabantu abapheth'igunya. Kufuneka ukuba bazixhalabise uxanduva amatyala azo, ukuphucula umthetho okhoyo. Ukongeza, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le migaqo ebonelelwe lithetha okhethekileyo yenkqubo apho kunokwenzeka ukuphelisa ezi okanye okunye ukwaphulwa. Ngokukodwa, kukulungiswa iimpazamo esenzwe okokuqala, phakathi kobuchule kwabasemagunyeni lezibheno nelawula. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba imigudu kula maziko ayanele kakhulu. Kuba kulawulko olugqityiweyo nangempumelelo phezu semthethweni izigqibo enayinikelwayo kwinkqubo kunye nemfuneko ukudibanisa umzekelo yokuqala. Ulixhoba kwesisu lwezobulungisa kufuneka bakwazi ukuqhagamshelana isixeko okanye yesithili igunya. Sombulula Iingxaki kwinqanaba umzekelo yokuqala iya kukunika ubuchule kule nkqubo.

inkqubo yezeejaji: amatyala embambano

Ukuvumela ukunyhashwa ngexesha lenkqubo izenzo nje ukungangqinelani phakathi iziphumo imisebenzi wenkundla ogunyazisiweyo lowu iinjongo zale nkqubo lonke. Le yokugqibela ezisisigxina Code of Procedure Civil. Impazamo ekugwebeni - ikakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi ezisemthethweni, akukho iyavumelana imisebenzi yayo. Okanye iziphumo zomsebenzi. Ekumiseleni ugqaliselo iinkundla ukusebenza abagunyazisiweyo magama ezikhethekileyo. Ngokukodwa, ibe ligama elisetyenziswa ezifana "umsebenzi". Ngaphantsi ngayo ziqondwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuthathelwe ingqalelo efanelekileyo kwimeko kwaye kuthathwe isigqibo sokudibanisa isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Ingakumbi imigomo setting olumisiweyo zabo, ukuzibophelela ukufezekisa, ukugxila ngqo kumntu ogunyazisiweyo. Kwimeko komthetho ukungaphumeleli, nto leyo yenze imisebenzi ezifanelekileyo, uxanduva iqala.

imisebenzi

Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo, inkundla kufuneka:

1. case study ngalinye esemthethweni. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukusekwa oyinyaniso ngokupheleleyo zonke izibakala ezifanelekileyo nkqubo, ekwenzeni izigqibo ngokwengqiqo echanekileyo, isicelo echanekileyo imigaqo efanelekileyo.
2. Cinga kwimeko nganye kwi phantsi kangangoko. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lanyhashwa okanye umngeni umdla zabemi kunye nemibutho.

Lo msebenzi yokugqibela iya kuphunyezwa apho:

1. ukulungiselela Fast nangokuchanekileyo yeengxoxo ngabagwebi intlanganiso yokuqala.
2. Nokukhutshwa isigqibo waqiqa, ukunyaniseka Abobanenzuzo semthethweni yayo. Oku, kuya ukukhawulezisa inkqubo isigqibo esiza kuqala ukusebenza.
3. kwiinkqubo zokunyanzelisa ngexesha elililo, ukuba athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze zokubuyiselwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye yokwenene izinto badlwengulwe.

meaning ukuhambisana

Iinjongo nemisebenzi leenkqubo zomthetho zimele indlela ethile. Likwamisa ukusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa umthetho ezinzima hlengisa bonke abathathi nxaxheba kwinkqubo ukuphumeza umphumo ngokupheleleyo. Iinjongo kunye neenjongo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ize ke iqulunqe amabango ngqo umsebenzi kweenkundla agunyazisiweyo kunye izigqibo ezithathwe lilo. Impazamo ngomgwebo isebenza ngenxa lokungathobeli. Oku kuquka iziphumo ezisemthethweni engqinelanayo.

Le wrongfulness Injongo

Xa eziphawula isisu ubulungisa musa Akukhathaliseki njani kwenzeka bezityholo, izizathu lomntu ogunyazisiweyo. Uya kuhlala cala mthethweni. Oku kungenxa yokuba kusoloko isiphumo, hayi imilinganiselo zasemthethweni ezifanelekileyo kunokudenda, derogates ukusuka kumalungelo zesimo nayiphi na inkqubo iqela ngaphandle ehambelana uxanduva ophathiswe kubantu abagunyazisiweyo.

izifundo

Iimposiso kule Hearing ukuvumela abadlali ezahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu zingophula imithetho yokuziphatha okanye eminye imimiselo ezisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zenzo nosabelo esemthethweni eyahlukileyo kwaye ibangele neminye imiphumo. Njengomgaqo, ezikuchaphazela kuphela isifundo owenza kubo. Nayiphi umzekelo iimpazamo enkundla (ukusetyenziswa ezingachanekanga imilinganiselo, ukusetyenziswa imigangatho elungileyo, ukufunda engaphelelanga izinto, ngoyaba izibakala kubalulekile, njalo njalo) kukwaphulwa komthetho, injongo kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso. Izenzo ezinjalo nesiphumo negative wonke inxaxheba. Okokuqala, nangona kunjalo, yaphula iimfuno zomnye umntu.

indlela esemthethweni uphawu kokuyeka

Oku kumiselwa nesiqulatho kobulungisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukutyeshelwa kwalo uhlobo asilubandakanyi uxanduva yenkqubo mazwe amanyathelo ukhuselo lomthetho. Umzekelo, i-nokuphelisa impazamo ikhutshwa phandle baphakamise isisombululo esifanelekileyo, recovery oluhlelelekileyo umdla njalo njalo. La manyathelo swi lombutho isandi kunye nezixhobo zokufunda osemthethweni.

into ebaluleke

Igama elithi "Impazamo lwasenkundleni" into evakalayo ngengqiqo eyahlukileyo gama ezifana "isiseko ukutshintsha / ukurhoxiswa" isigqibo. Le nkcazelo yokuqala iquka zonke iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho esele ezenziwa kule nkqubo. akukho naliphi na inyathelo ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yenkqubo, azilunganga. Olu phawu asizichaphazeli indlela eya kubulawe yabo. Imposiso umongo iqulathe iveza amanyathelo engalunganga okanye isenzo umgwebo. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni kwi ineziphumo kuvela emva kwabo. Ukongeza, iintsilelo neempazamo abaya lugunyaziswe ukuvumela ukuba ukususa iinkundla isebenze njenge uhlobo izigqibo mthethweni. Ukuba azikho ngokukhawuleza nya, ngoko ke baba miqondiso izizathu ukurhoxiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kwee-odolo.

ukunqanda kwephulwa

Siyafana kwimiqathango kunye noonobangela umsebenzi wabo. Zokusombulula ngenxa yempembelelo ngophando. Isilumkiso kunokwenzeka xa ukuhlukunyezwa lenziwe ndaba. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuthintela ukuba loo mpazamo kwakhona. Ngaphezu koko, umsebenzi ekupheliseni zokuphula kunokwenzeka kuphela emva eyona kwazo. Practical imposiso ukulungisa kwamkelekile kube kanye kuphela emva kokuba (ngokomthetho) ukuqatshelwa ukuhleleka zenkqubo esemthethweni.

imisebenzi control

Namhlanje, inkqubo yeenkundla jikelele kolawulo kunye nolamlo iinkundla yesibheno zikhona kunye nezixhobo okugada. Imisebenzi Ulawulo unikwe onke amakhonkco kule nkqubo. Oku kungenxa yokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi kufuneka uhlaziyo. Control kule meko isebenza njengendlela ekunokufezekiswa ukugqwesa endle. igunya nelawula kwiimfazwe, zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nolamlo lisebenza umsebenzi okhethekileyo wenkundla. Ku swi ekungqinweni semthethweni imizimba owayamileyo kwimimiselo esebenzayo, ukupheliswa kokusilela ezenziwa kuzo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu lulawulo mkhuba kwezomthetho.

Indima Lokuqala umzekelo

Ukuqinisekisa ngexesha, olusebenzayo oquka bonke abantu ukuphumeza iinjongo ezisekiweyo kunye neenjongo, ukongeza kwimisebenzi eyenziwa yi-mandla lezibheno kwaye esomphathi, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi, kuyimfuneko ukuquka kwindlela inkinga kwimizi zezithili iinkundla. Lo mbono ke yathi ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela. Okokuqala, okokuqala kwinkqubo yokubonisa ukulawula umsebenzi wabo inethuba elikhulu ngokwemiqathango ukupheliswa lwentsebenziswano zokuphula. Ukufaneleka kunye nesantya ukuqinisekisa isisombululo eyiyo amatyala, ke, izenzo njengomnye wemisebenzi ezibalulekileyo kwiingxoxo. Imisebenzi elolu hlobo ihambisana ixabiso zomthetho nezentlalo ezizodwa.

imigaqo

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yawo, inkundla kufuneka:

1. Ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ukuthi ezibekwa emyalelweni.
2. Ukuba benze izinto procedural, kokubona ngokungqongqo imeko semthethweni zabo, enikwe kwimigangatho yeengcinga.
3. Yenza inyathelo ngalinye. iimpazamo ezicacileyo yenkundla zenzeka kwiimeko xa inkundla lahlela kwetyala ngaphandle ukulungiswa tyala.
4. nokuphunyezwa ngexesha amanyathelo okulungisa, ukuthatha izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Igunya eligunyazisiweyo linelungelo yokulibazisa isigqibo ukuqalisa inkqubo, ukunyanzelwa isigqibo waqiqa, ukuyila imizuzu yentlanganiso , njalo-njalo.
5. Ngokupheleleyo nangengqwalasela nazo zonke izenzo. Ngaba iingxelo eziphosakeleyo musa ezibonisa inkqubela yonke inkqubo.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoko, iimpazamo enkundla ahluka yi ngeentlobo zazo, kodwa bonke bephela zibangelwa amanyathelo angekho mthethweni abantu abagunyazisiweyo. Enoba ezixhasayo, izizathu, iimeko apho kwenzeka, bonke bephela ingqalelo ukunyhashwa imithetho emisiweyo yenkqubo. iimpazamo badla nemiphumela emibi noqhekeko. Oku ikakhulu usebenza neenkqubo zamatyala enkundla. Kwezisu ubulungisa - oku ngenxa yoko ngokwasemthethweni kokurhoxa iinjongo igunya iseti agunyazisiweyo kunye neenjongo zemveliso. Ngaphezu koko, noku kutenxa kokumiselweyo kungenziwa uphando moya ezimbini - zomthetho ne actual. Nceda qaphela ukuba iimpazamo esinokubakho ngenxa isiphoso njengejaji, kwaye ngaphandle inxaxheba yakhe. Kule meko ke umbuzo omnye umqeshwa ogunyazisiweyo iiholide. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, kufuneka ziquka iintlanganiso oonobhala, i-Ofisi kwabasebenzi. Ezingachanekanga okanye ukungenzi ezenziwe ngabo, usengathwala emibi. Ezi iimpazamo, zombini iijaji ngqo kwaye abazimiseleyo njengoko zinjalo kophulwa lwemithetho yenkqubo. Izenzo ezinjalo kwakhona isiqinisekiso sokuba ukunxaxha iinjongo ezisekiweyo kunye neenjongo zemveliso. Kulo mba, kukho inani ababhali bathi imfuneko yokuphucula inkqubo. Ngokukodwa, ngokoluvo lwabo, kuyimfuneko kukwandisa nobuchwepheshe isixhobo abangabancedani kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Enyanisweni, kukho iindlela zomthetho ukulungisa kwesisu zobulungisa. Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni nokuphelisa kwephulwa yokusebenzisa kudla kube nzima kakhulu. Oku kwakhona ngenxa ukungafezeki iinkqubo lezibheno nelawula. Ngelo lixa okuninzi kuxhomekeke kweso sifundo senzelwa amalungelo aye anyhashwa. Umthetho umisela ithuba elichaziweyo ngaphakathi apho umntu angafaka isibheno kwabasemagunyeni ngaphezulu ukujongana naziphi na iimpazamo.