Yintoni mlilo neenyikima zomhlaba? Apho la?

Mlilo kunye neenyikima - enye iinkqubo omdala Earth. Zenzeka ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo yaye kuqhubeka khona namhlanje. Ngaphezu koko, baye bathatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni isiqabu le planethi kunye nesakhiwo sayo neznye. Yintoni mlilo neenyikima zomhlaba? Kwi uhlobo kunye nendawo yezi ziganeko kwaye siza sithethe.

Yintoni mlilo?

Xa iplanethi yethu yonke yaba umzimba enkulu ebomvu-eshushu, nto leyo bazipheka aluminium zamatye kunye nentsimbi. Ngokusebenzisa amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka, umaleko esisemantla Umhlaba waqalisa lukhuni, iSayensi neThekhinoloji kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ngaphantsi ibihleli bempompoza izinto otyhidiweyo, okanye daka.

lobushushu yakhe yafikelela izidanga 500 ukuya 1250 Celsius, ebangela iinxalenye bunyibilike eziqinileyo ingubo umhlaba kunye neegesi wakhululwa. Ngaxa ethile xi uba mkhulu kangangokuba apha ukuba ulwelo eshushu idla ukubaleka ngokoqobo.

Yintoni mlilo? Le intshukumo ethe nkqo ye daka kwemali. Ekhwela, yena ugcwalisa iintanda imentile kunye nobanda kuqweqwe asuse ngongqameko lwamatye eziqinileyo, Ukubetha indlela yazo ngaphezulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha kulwelo ngumkhenkce nje kwigumbi langaphakathi le Umhlaba ngokohlobo laccoliths ngemithambo ukubona. Kwezinye iimeko, yenza mlilo - ngokuqhelekileyo benazo eentaba umnyango apho ichitheke daka. Le nkqubo ihamba ukukhutshwa neegesi, amatye, uthuthu, futhi udaka (amaplanga anyibilike ulwelo).

zezinto mlilo

Ngoku, xa ndicinge ukuba lo mlilo, makhe sijonge ngokwabo mlilo. Bonke babe Isitishi nkqo - migodi, apho daka avuke. Ekupheleni isiteshi lokuvula ifanele-ezimile - ubungakanani mngxuma ukususela kwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa nangaphezulu.

Mlilo ifomu uyahluka, kuxhomekeka kubume kunye nemeko iqhuma daka. Phantsi yesenzo ulwelo viscous kuvela lwale Ukwakheka. Amaxwebhu mlilo elulwelo yaye litshisa kakhulu mlilo imilo lengqula kunye emathambekeni nokuthantamisa, efana ikhaka.

Ukususela iqhuma ezininzi kwakhiwa zeBlack kunye stratovolcanoes. Zinelungelo imilo etsobhileyo kunye kumathambeka kwaye sikhule ukuphakama ne mlilo ngamnye omtsha. Yaba mlilo njengokuba ezintsonkothileyo okanye oxutyiweyo. Ba yezi yaye iincopho ezimbalwa yimingxuma.

Uninzi mlilo zakha imikrolo ezintle, phuhlu ngaphezu komhlaba. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imigodi udonga ehla, endaweni yazo kukho ubukhulu olubanzi usikrobana amashumi eziliqela yeekhilomitha. Bona ngokuba calderas, kwaye inkulu kubo bobabo i Toba mlilo iSumatra.

Uhlobo komhlaba

Njengoko mlilo, iinyikima zomhlaba ezinxulumene neenkqubo zangaphakathi imentile kunye noqweqwe. Oku Barr enamandla ukuba niluvuthulule umphezulu-langa. Umphumela evela ukuwa iliwa mlilo, kunye iintshukumo ziitectonic plates kunye ukuphakama.

Enyikimeni - indawo apho uphuma - ezi Barr kakhulu. I-kude, ukumangala lula. iziphumo yenyikima basoloko itshabalalise izakhiwo kunye nesixeko. Ngexesha ziintshukumo zenyikima Inokwenzeka landslides, landslides neetsunami.

Ubunzulu nyikima nganye iyamiselwa amanqaku (1 ukuya ku-12), ngokuxhomekeka kubungakanani bayo, kwaye nohlobo umonakalo. Le komhlaba kakhulu lula kwaye imperceptible ndikunike 1 inqaku. Zivuthulule ngayo iingongoma 12 kukhokelela ezisezintabeni zamacandelo ngamnye kwendawo, iziphene ezinkulu, ukutshatyalaliswa zokuhlala.

Zone mlilo kunye neenyikima

Isakhiwo elipheleleyo wejoloji kuqweqwe lomhlaba kunye ongundoqo nangoku igcina ingaziwa. Uninzi nokwakhiwa zomaleko enzulu data - oku kungamampunge nje, iikhilomitha kuba ngaphakathi 5 kungena izibilini planethi akukho mntu wokujonga ade abakwazanga. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqikelela ukujaduka elandelayo mlilo okanye kukuvela komhlaba engenakwenzeka.

Ekuphela kwento abaphengululi - ukuchonga iindawo apho kwenzeka la rhoqo. Zibonakala ngokucacileyo kwi ifoto, apho umbala ukukhanya omdaka lubonisa umsebenzi buthathaka, kwaye kumnyama - on olomeleleyo.

ludla zenzeke kwisiphambuka ziitectonic plates yaye enxulumene ngentshukumo zabo. Emibini kwimimandla kakhulu esebenzayo kunye ebanzi mlilo kunye neenyikima: i-Pacific lweMeditera, ibhanti Trans-Asia.

Pacific Rim kubekwe phezu kolwandle kwebala eponymous. Apha kukho sisibini-ezibini mlilo kunye neenyikima kule planethi. Ibanga ukuba amawaka 56 km ngobude, agqume Aleutian Islands, ena, Chukotka, kwiiPhilippines, inxalenye esempuma Japan, New Zealand, Hawaii, kumda osentshona North nakuMzantsi Melika.

zone Trans-Asia-lweMeditera esusela lwamawa kumazantsi eYurophu nakuMntla Afrika malayas. Oku kuquka ezintabeni Kun-Lun neCaucasus. Malunga ne-15% yazo zonke iinyikima zenzeka phakathi kwayo.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho ezincinane umsebenzi band apho kukho-5% kuphela yabo bonke kuqhume kunye neenyikima. Bebugubungele Arctic, Indian (ukusuka Arabia ukuya Antarctic) kunye Atlantic Ocean (ukusuka eGreenland Nqabakazi ka Tristan da Cunha).