Yintoni na ke ubushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel?

Phambi kokuba abone kufuneka ukuba amaqondo obushushu ukusebenza kwe-injini idizili okanye naziphi na ezinye eliphezulu parameters kufuneka bafunde oko kubandakanya isakhiwo sayo kunye indlela nokusebenza.

Iimpawu ze-injini diesel

Olu hlobo injini lwasungulwa 1824 ngu yamachiza French abo bathi ngokuguqula umthamo umzimba, oko shushu, okt ukuvelisa yindibanisela ngokukhawuleza.

Isicelo ngokoqobo lo mbono ifumaneka kuphela iminyaka engama-70. Yilonto xa injini diesel yokuqala wakhululwa. Umgaqo zayo zokusebenza na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kukho ucinezelo yazenzekela zepetroli lesitofu, esinxibelelana emoyeni kwinkqubo ucinezelo.

I-diesel i uluhlu olubanzi lezicelo, ukusukela ezimotweni / oomatshini yezolimo kunye nesiphelo izixhobo zomkhosi (amatanki, inqanawa marine).

Izinto eziluncedo kunye ezingeloncedo injini diesel

Njengazo zonke ezinye iinjini, i-diesel lineqela omabini amacala akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. The main eziluncedo:

• Okokuqala, diesel kutya sesiphi na isibaso, ngoko ke musa ukwenza iimfuno ezinzulu.
• Okwesibini, kukokona ubunzima kunye lwee- athom carbon, kokukhona ixabiso ubushushu namandla injini kunye nokusebenza.
• Okwesithathu, izithuthi kunye iinjini diesel siphendule ngakumbi ngenxa amaxabiso torque phezulu ngesantya eliphantsi. Ngoko ke, abanikazi kwezemidlalo iimoto ngokukhawuleza zikhetha ukhetho injini diesel.
• Okwesine, umxholo carbon dioxide qeda ungaphantsi kwe ipetroli iyathelekiswa.
• Okwesihlanu, injini diesel ngokoqoqosho ngakumbi kuba iindleko amafutha emoto ayekwi ingaphantsi kwe iindleko zepetroli.

Nangona kukho uluhlu onocwangco ngolu hlobo lwe iingenelo injini diesel kukho inani ethile:

• Okokuqala, iindleko injini diesel ngaphezu iindleko zepetroli, ekubeni ngenxa okuvela phakathi nokusebenza components aphezulu amandla ngomatshini kufuneka ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye ixesha elide.
• Okwesibini, amandla iinjini ipetroli enamandla ngaphezu diesel.
• Okwesithathu, amathuba lukhuni ebusika amafutha emoto ayekwi ngaphezu ipetroli.
• Okwesine, ukusebenza injini diesel kufuneka ingqalelo kakhulu kwaye ngenyameko, kuba ukuba ngaba uthathe unonophelo kuye, uya kuwuthwala owakhe umsebenzi wokulungisa, nto leyo iya kuxabisa imali eninzi.

isigaba omlilo

inkqubo injini Umsebenzi yahlulwe ezine. Okokuqala - injecting umxube enokutsha kwigumbi yokutsha apho xi iphezulu.

Okwesibini - lo mxube uqalisa phemba kwaye zivutha. Isahlulo sesithathu - ukuyilwa amathontsi lunganyangwa engumxube, ezithi ke ngoko ajikwa kocolothi. On Isigaba 4 - sokutshisa zeentsalela amafutha ukuze ukunciphisa ungcoliseko kubo. Apha uboniswa ukungabikho ioksijini, kungenxa ubunzima amafutha malitshiswe iindawo zangaphambili.

parameters iimoto, osebenza diesel

Abanini abaninzi imoto ukubuza umbuzo, yintoni ubushushu ukusebenza kwe-injini diesel kufuneka. Kodwa ukuba ukuwuphendula, kufuneka uhlawule ezinye ingqalelo parameters ephambili echaphazela yokusebenza injini. Kubalulekile ukusebenza motor linani imijikelo, oko kukuthi, kukho ezimbini ze-stroke ezine.

Iyunithi amandla zixhomekeke torque. Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel umiselwa iqondo ucinezelo umxube gas-fuel, ukuze Amazinga umlinganiselo ngqo ucinezelo. Ngenxa yoko, ngokwandisa ratio ucinezelo ziza kwandisa kwaye ngoko amaqondo obushushu aya kunyuka ngobunzulu inkqubo, ukuphucula ukusebenza. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umsebenzi kakhulu ngempumelelo wenziwa nge ukutshiswa efanayo mxube amafutha.

I parameter ezibalulekileyo ukuphumelelisa ngomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kunokwenzeka ke ubushushu yokusebenza. Ukusebenza idizili ubushushu benjini kufuneka kugcinwe ngokusekelwe kuyilo injini nenjongo. Le nyaniso umisela ukuba okanye hayi lobushushu yesiqhelo.

lobushushu zokusebenza "Volkswagen"

Yintoni na ke ubushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel "Volkswagen"? Abanini ezininzi kwezi zithuthi zixeliweyo kunye nalo mba. Njengoko yaziwa, lophawu, imodeli ngamnye imoto ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo motor inayo iqondo layo lokusebenza.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel "VW" ukho kuluhlu degrees 90-100 Celsius. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba lenjongo isixhobo ibonisa lobushushu ingaphezulu eneneni apho. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu kwi imoto ngamnye "Volkswagen". Kodwa musa sukela ukutshintsha yentsimbi, kuqala kufuneka uqhagamshelane inkonzo ukuhlolwa zobugcisa kunye nokuseka unobangela ukungasebenzi.

Iqondo lobushushu ukusebenza le "Mercedes"

Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ye-injini idizili, "uMercedes" kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Okokuqala, lo ngowona iimeko yokusebenza isithuthi. Emva koko ubhale of thermostat. Kwakhona ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi ahlala kuyo, nokuba eSiberia okanye kwiindawo ezininzi ezikumazantsi, i-thermostat lihambisane lobushushu ngokupheleleyo.

Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza eliqhelekileyo injini diesel "Mercedes" ekungabonini ukusuka degrees 80 ukuya 100. Iinjini ezinamandla ka 220 enjini ukunika thermostat kwi degrees 75-78 Celsius. Kuba kwimimandla ebandayo, phezu koko, yaye ukuya degrees 97.

lobushushu zokusebenza "akwazile"

Iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel "Opel" ngenxa yokuba ephantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, maxa wambi ngaphezu kweyesiqhelo isalathisi uphawu ngamanqaku eziliqela. Ngokuqhelekileyo malunga 104-111 degrees Celsius.

Imoto "Opel" yanika inkqubo sokupholisa. Xa elingaphezu elilelona liphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ibandakanyiwe ngexhayi ukuba pholisa injini ngokukhawuleza kwixabiso elincinane.

lobushushu Operating Kamaz

zithandwa kakhulu phakathi abanini okanye uza kuba umbuzo apho iqondo lobushushu yokusebenza ye injini diesel KamAZ. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixesha 95-98 degrees Celsius.

Kule lobushushu zamafutha utshiswe ngokupheleleyo, umnyulwa ezininzi nokuvuma ngokuvunywe enjinini. Ukuba lobushushu yokusebenza iphantsi kakhulu, oku kakubi kuchaphazela ukusebenza injini.

I-oyile injini diesel

Umsebenzi ophambili we-oyile kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa motor lunciphiso olubalulekileyo zochuku phakathi iindawo, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi inkonzo yabo. Ukhetho igrisi kuxhomekeke kuhlobo injini kunye neenjongo. Iqondo lobushushu ukusebenza kwe-oyile injini diesel kuxhomekeke njengesipholisi injini. Umahluko kwiqondo 10-15 Celsius. Ungeno eliphezulu kwithempritsha yayo yesiqhelo - 105 degrees.

Ukongeza kumaqondo oyile ukuze bandise umsebenzi luncedo injini kufuneka ube kangangoko iparameters: viscosity kunye ukuthambisa ajikeleze. Le viscosity kufuneka kusekelwe phezu kweemeko zemozulu, lobushushu umoya. Ekubeni ekukhetheni okubi ioli kunye viscosity ezingafanelekanga ukuze ukuphazamisa injini nezibilini zayo. Ukuthambisa ajikeleze has iindidi ezimbini: Nciphisa, gidrodinamichnoe. ukuthambisa ajikeleze umda kuthetha ukuba oyile inkunkuma liyasuswa kwezahlulo injini, yaye yaziswa inxalenye entsha. Ingcinezelo kukuba i oyile rhoqo sihlaziywe, izahlulo ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe. Xa imifuziselo ngaphezulu zakutshanje iinjini wasebenzisa yokuqaba ngobuwena kuqala.

Ukwandisa ubushushu ukusebenza

Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza injini lobushushu yokusebenza kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ngaphezu lobushushu ayonelanga. Kulo mzekelo, iinxalenye injini aqalile ukusebenza kwimo ukuthambisa ajikeleze hydrodynamic, leyo lihlisa viscosity yeoli. Ke ioli ayikho lugubungela ngokupheleleyo zonke iindawo, nto leyo ekhokelela umonakalo indlela motor le. amanani Oil iya kuba eqhelekileyo nabo, enkosi dozalivam rhoqo. Kwimeko nobushushu le injini kwindawo yokuqala esiza ezenze umonakalo kwezindlu kunye iibheringi, kodwa impompo eziqhelekileyo. Le meko iyafana iingxaki ezibangelwa ukuthambisa ajikeleze asanelanga.

Ukuqalisa ye diesel kweemeko zasebusika

Phantse bonke abantu bazi ukuba yintoni na ekufuneka ukushushubeza ngaphambi kokuba injini yesithuthi sakho. Ingakumbi ngexesha ebusika lekhefu. Ukuba uhlola le nkqubo ukufudumala ngokweenkcukacha, sibona oku kulandelayo: okokuqala zonke ziqala ukuba shushu i Pistons, uze kuphela block njengesilinda. Ukuba uqala uqhuba nge injini ebandayo, neoli kokuba guquki elingqingqwa abayi kungena ubuninzi ekunene. Kwaye ngenxa yalo mcimbi kunokukhokelela breakage.

Qaphela ukuba isithuthi kunye zokufudumeza ngokugqithisileyo ukuba banxibe luyingozi kakhulu. Oku kunciphisa ubomi wenkonzo injini kunye namalungu imoto yonke. Ukuze ukushushubeza imoto ngokufanelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba ngoncedo lobushushu ulwelo yokumisa ukuya ku-50 degrees Celsius. Emva koko, ungenza ngokukhuselekileyo singaqalisi ukuhamba, ukuba ingagqithi 2500 rpm. Emva amalahle neoli ukuya kwinqanaba abayisebenzisayo irhasi kungongezwa.

Ukuzalisekisa ezi meko, sinako ukugcina ingqibelelo kuphela injini kodwa ibhajethi yakho. Ukuba injini uyala ukuqalisa ngoko kufuneka usebenzise additive ekhethekileyo yasungulwa. Ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwawo benza musa paraffins. Bona zongezwa kungekuphela nje additive eyahlukileyo, kodwa kunye amafutha ukugcina enkulu kangangoko.