Yintoni na le sclera: isakhiwo, imisebenzi, izifo

Iliso lomntu - liqumrhu elikhethekileyo unako ukwenza imisebenzi emininzi. Kuye isakhiwo ekhethekileyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke uyazi into sclera noko esi sifo iso apho. Ukuze uqalise kukuba ukuqonda isakhiwo eso.

Yintoni sclera

Sclera iso - lo iqokobhe engaphandle lweliso lakho, nto leyo eye indawo enkulu yaye ligubungela 5/6 ezibonwayo yonke umphezulu umzimba. Enyanisweni, oko exineneyo zimnyama inyama ezinezikhondo. Ebubanzini kwanokuxinana le sclera kwezinye iindawo akufani. Ngoko ke uluhlu utshintsho kwiziphawuli yokuqala lwangaphandle inokuba 0.3-1 mm.

Umaleko olungaphandle sclera

Ngoko ke yintoni na sclera? Olu hlobo izihlunu ezinezikhondo, equka kwiiseli ezininzi. Ukongeza, ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo. Umaleko engaphandle kuthiwa episcleral. Kukho inani elikhulu imithambo yegazi ezibonelela umgangatho nokuhamba kwegazi. Ukongeza, umaleko zangaphandle ngokukhuselekileyo eqhagamshelwe engaphandle iliso inxenye capsule. Olu phawu yayo ephambili.

Ekubeni isambuku isitya igazi ezithengiweyo umzimba isebe optic ngaphambili ngokusebenzisa izihlunu, inxalenye engentla umaleko engaphandle yahlukile kwiindawo lwangaphakathi igazi kakhulu.

I ingxenye yaso

Le sclera efanayo kakhulu ibandakanya ubukhulu becala fibroblasts kunye collagen. zibaluleke kakhulu umzimba liphela la macandelo. Iqela lokuqala kwezinto ubesoloko ethatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ukuveliswa collagen, kwaye esekungcoleni imicu yayo. Yangaphakathi, umaleko yokugqibela okuthiwa i "esityeni emdaka." Iqulethe isixa esikhulu kombala esidala umbala ezithile iso.

Kuba amabala amacwecwe ezinjalo ukuhlangabezana iiseli ezithile - chromatophores. Bona equlethwe kule nwebu ngaphakathi kukuninzi. ipleyiti Brown becala luqulathe imicu obhityileyo sclera, kwakunye ubumdaka minor component ilastiki. Ngaphandle kwale maleko ligutyungelwe endothelium.

Zonke imithambo yegazi kunye kwalapho akhiwe sclera, idlule Ecenga - iindlela ezizodwa.

Lithini

Imisebenzi sclera zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Eyokuqala kubangelwa yinto yokuba imicu collagen hayi zicwangciswe ngendlela enocwangco ngaphakathi kwithishyu. Ngenxa yoku, i-reyi ukukhanya azinakukwazi nje ukuba angene ngalo sclera. Le inyama sikhusela retina ukusuka sesichengeni onzulu ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa kule inkalo, umntu uyakwazi ukubona kakuhle. Le yeyona njongo iphambili yale sclera.

Eli laphu yenzelwe ukukhusela amehlo kuphela zokukhanya olunamandla, kodwa nazo zonke iintlobo yokwenzakala, kuquka nezo emzimbeni ezigulo ezondeleyo. Ukongeza, le sclera ukhusela amalungu yombono evela iimeko eziyingozi yokusingqongileyo.

Kwakhona, kufuneka ukhankanye umsebenzi omnye ngaphezulu kwithishyu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kubizwa ngokuba isidumbu. It sclera yokusekela ophezulu ezikumgangatho ngexesha elifanayo nemisipha eqwalasele ethembekileyo element, izihlunu, kunye namanye amacandelo iliso.

yesifo azalwa

Nangona isakhiwo ngokungenamkhethe alula, kukho izifo ezithile kunye zezifo sclera. Musa ukulibala ukuba eli laphu wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka naluphi na ukuphazamiseka mandundu umsebenzi izixhobo olubonakalayo xa iyonke. Esi sifo ukunciphisa acuity ezibonwayo kunye nemiphumela emibi noqhekeko. izifo scleral nje kuphela isegazini, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ndizuze umlinganiswa.

Le ngezifo, sclera oluhlaza, kaninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yofuzo kunye malformation ka nyama kokuxhuma lweliso lakho, ngxi esibelekweni. umthunzi engaqhelekanga ngenxa Ebubanzini umaleko encinane. Emva imifinya ezingcakacileyo kwamehlo sclera mbala iyakhanya. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le ngezifo akholisa ukubakho nezinye mgaqweni ze iliso, kwakunye ukunyhashwa lweenkqubo ukuyilwa eludabeni, ithambo namalungu.

Izifo sclera idla bekhubazekile. Phakathi izinto ezinjalo kunye melasma. Kunye nophuhliso sifo kumphezulu scleral amabala amnyama kwakheka. Izigulane unesifo onjalo kufuneka zibhaliswe yi zamehlo. Ngophuhliso kwesi sifo kufuna esweni rhoqo yokulumkisa kwangethuba yokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinzulu.

izifo ezifunyenwe

ukukrala kakhulu olufanayo sclera. Izifo ezenzeka ngenxa yale nkqubo bafanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Uphuhliso kwezifo ezifana nga musani ukubacaphukisa kuphela kwekhono jikelele iinkqubo ezithile zomzimba womntu, kodwa kwakhona usuleleko. Amaxesha amaninzi amagciwane ukungena izicwili ocular lwangaphandle kunye nokungena nkovu okanye egazini. Oku ngoyena nobangela inkqubo arhabaxa.

Ekupheleni

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni na sclera kunye nayiphi na isifo esikule apho. Ukunyanga izifo bakhe luqala kokuxilongwa kunye neengcebiso kagqirha. oyingcaphephe kuphela angakunika unyango lwesifo ngokuchonga zonke ezi mpawu. Ngophuhliso zezifo sclera Kucetyiswa ukuba adibane zamehlo. Yingcali kufuneka enze inani leemvavanyo elebhu. uthomalaliso emiselweyo emva kokuxilongwa.

Ukuba sifo sibangelwa kwaphula ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba, unyango lujoliswe ekuyekisweni nobangela. Kuphela ke uya kuthatha amanyathelo ukubuyisela imboniselo.