Inani Inqununu zobungakanani kwiziphawuli engundoqo imeko electron

Enye yeendawo ibalulekileyo kwimbono yenzululwazi zehlabathi lanamhlanje kuthatha ithiyori ebizwa ngokuba yi-quantum. Oku kusekelwe esixhasayo ukuba namandla angasebenzi kwi electron, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukubala, njengoko ixabiso layo ingathatha kuphela amaxabiso athile. Kulo mzekelo, isiphumo ibalulekileyo yale imo yezinto kwisigqibo sokuba urhulumente umsebenzi ovela kwindawo enikwe ixesha kungachazwa yi iseti yezalathi oluninzi - amanani quantum.

Critical kule mbono linani esiyintloko quantum. Eli gama lisetyenziswa physics mihla ekuthiwa umlinganiselo oluninzi, njengoko apho imeko yangoku electron lilungu kwinqanaba amandla ethile. kwinqanaba Energy, nayo, i iseti orbitals, umahluko amandla phakathi ixabiso apho lisezantsi kakhulu.

Oku kulandela kweli lungiselelo, inani inqununu quantum kungaba yenye integers ezintle. Kulo mzekelo, kubaluleke esisiseko ngomnye yinyaniso. Enyanisweni, kwimeko ukutshintshwa ovela ukuya kwinqanaba amandla ezahlukeneyo inani oyintloko umyinge uxhulumano ukutshintsha ixabiso layo. Apha kufanelekile ukuba acha- kwimodeli Niels Bohr, apho kukho utshintsho amasuntswana nezakhiwo ukusuka orbit enye ukuya kwenye, nto leyo isixa esithile kukhululwa okanye wendele amandla.

Inani oyintloko quantum inxulumene ngqo inani umyinge Orbital. Eyona nto kukuba naliphi na inqanaba energy ayikho efanayo ngokwendalo kwaye iquka orbitals eziliqela. Abo kwabo anexabiso efanayo amandla ibe sublayer eyahlukileyo. Ukuze ufumanise ukuba yintoni sublayer usebenza omnye okanye omnye Orbital, kwaye asebenzise ingqiqo ka "inombolo quantum Orbital." Ukuze kubalwe kufuneka ibe ukusuka engundoqo umyinge inombolo unit nokukhupha. Ke onke amanani zendalo ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kweli parameter kwaye iya kuba inani umyinge Orbital.

Umsebenzi ibalulekileyo iimpawu oluninzi kukuba inokunceda unxulumano electron kunye sublayer abazinikwanga kuphela, kodwa luphawulwa isikhokelo intshukumo ye amasuntswana nezakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, ngasendleleni, kwaye kubanjelelwa orbitals ukuba sele eyaziwa kwikhondo chemistry yesikolo: s, d, p, g, f.

Olunye uphawu ebalulekileyo indawo electron yeyona inani magnetic quantum. intsingiselo yalo esentloko emzimbeni iza wachaza ezayo ye isantya emboxo ngokumalunga ulwalathiso coinciding nolwalathiso lo mhlaba otsalayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwahlula electron ukuba kungene inani Orbital quantum iyafana.

Inani magnetic quantum inokwahluka 2l + 1, apho l - luphawu lwamanani inani quantum Orbital. Ngaphezulu, inombolo ekwanti kunye spin zibuthe, apho kuyimfuneko ukuze abonakalisa iimpawu umyinge amasuntswana nezakhiwo kwifomu ecocekileyo. Spin - akunto efana isantya emboxo, ezinokufaniswa kunye njengokujikeleza electron ngeenxa axis yayo ngengqondo.