Imigama esithubeni. unit Astronomical, kunyaka ukukhanya parsec

Yobalo bakhe, ngeenkwenkwezi sebenzisa kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, apho ayisoloko ngokucacileyo abantu abaqhelekileyo. Iyaqondakala, kuba ukuba imigama yesiqalo zilinganiswa ngeekhilomitha, ngoko ke inani amaqanda emehlweni yayiza balukuhlwe. Ngoko ke, sokulinganisela imigama yesiqalo eziqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa izixa kakhulu elikhulu: iyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi, kunyaka ukukhanya parsec.

Le yunithi ngeenkwenkwezi lidla osetyenziswa ukubonisa imigama ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yethu ilanga. Ukuba umgama ukuya nenyanga namanje luboniswe weekhilomitha (384,000 km), esondele indlela iPluto kaThixo malunga 4250 million km kwaye ukuba ukuqonda kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. Kuba ezi imigama ixesha ukusebenzisa iyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi (AU) alingana umgama ongumyinge ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya elangeni. Ngamanye amazwi, AU 1 Siyafana ubude esqwini semimajor kobasemhlabeni orbit yethu (150 lezigidi. Km.). Ngoku, ukuba ubhale ukuba umgama imfutshane ukuya iPluto 28 AU, kwaye indlela inde babe 50 AU, kulula kakhulu ukuba ngqondweni.

Elilandelayo inkulu - i-kunyaka ukukhanya. Nangona kukho ekhoyo igama "unyaka", akukho mfuneko ukucinga ukuba malunga nexesha. Omnye unyaka ukukhanya 63.240 AU Le ndlela, leyo wenza wokukhanya ukukhanya kunyaka 1. Izazi ziqikelela ukuba emasondweni kude kakhulu iphela ray lokukhanya ofikelela. Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 ezigidi. Ngqondweni lo mgama omkhulu, siya ndiwubhale ngeekhilomitha: 95000000000000000000000. angamashumi alithoba anesihlanu amawaka ezigidi zezigidi kwiikhilomitha njengesiqhelo.

Into yokuba ukukhanya kuhamba na lophanyazo akunjalo, kodwa kwisantya othile, abaphengululi baqalisa ukuba barhanela ukususela 1676. Yaba ngeli xesha ngeenkwenkwezi Danish ole Roemer igama waphawula ukuba kusithwa-Hewana Jupiter Buqalise kuwa ngasemva, yaye yenzekile ngexesha xa Umhlaba liqonde ukuba orbit ukuya kwelinye icala Sun, ukuba elingemva oko Jupiter. Kwathatha ixesha elithile, i Umhlaba waqalisa ukuba babuyele, kwaye komnyama kwakhona waqalisa ukuba aye nangoku ezicwangcisiweyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho kwaqondakala 17 imizuzu ngokwexesha umahluko. Ukusuka eyathi, oko Kwagqitywa: ukukhanya indlela umgama omde wathabatha imizuzu-17 kwi sangqa ukujikeleza komhlaba. Ekubeni sele kubonakele ukuba ububanzi we okuwo malunga 186 million neekhilomitha (ngoku lo rhoqo ngu 939 120 000 km), kuvela oshukunyiswa umtha wokukhanya ngesantya malunga 186.000 neekhilomitha for 1 yesibini.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha sethu, ngenxa Professor Albertu Maykelsonu, ngubani wayezimisele ukuya kakhulu ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo yintoni na unyaka ukukhanya, kunye umphumo yokugqibela ifunyenwe usebenzisa indlela eyahlukileyo: neekhilomitha 186.284 ngo-1 yesibini (malunga nama-300 / s). Ngoku, xa ubala inani lemizuzwana ngonyaka, ndiyandise ngeli nani, sifumanisa ukuba nyaka ukukhanya ubude ka-5 eekhilomitha 880 000 000 000, engqamana 9.460.730.472 580,8 km.

Ukulungiselela iinjongo practical ngeenkwenkwezi wayedla ezifana parsecs unit umgama. Kuyinto elingana ukubana beenkwenkwezi ngasemva kwezinye imizimba yasezulwini 1 '' kwi ukubana mkhanyo-1 oyi- ukujikeleza koMhlaba. Ukususela ilanga ukuya inkwenkwezi elikufutshane (oku Proxima Centauri inkqubo Alpha Centauri) 1.3 parsecs. Enye parsec ilingana 3,2612 unxibelelwano. iminyaka okanye 3.08567758 × 1013 km. Ngenxa yoko, i-kunyaka ukukhanya ngaphantsi kancinane isahlulo sesithathu parsec.