Yintoni sangaphandle? Isakhiwo sangaphandle

Uqweqwe umzimba sangaphandle isakhiwo ngokwanelisayo ezintsonkothileyo. Isikhumba ilungu entlantlu lamanqanaba ezimbini. Iqhuba uthotho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo; exchange, ulawulo ubushushu, receptor, zokhuselo. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba sangaphandle, kodwa bayalibala ukuba Icandelo lesibini ulusu - i dermis.

Ubume umzimba cover engaphandle

Ulusu iquka amabili - sangaphandle kunye dermis. Umaleko eliphezulu epithelial abazahlulayo ukusuka esimfaneleko asezantsi olungalinganiyo. Ukubonakala kwaso olubangelwa bubukho phezu komhlaba isikhumba outgrowths ezikhethekileyo - papillae. Umaleko Imintla epithelium yayo tyaba-keratinized wakubo. Iqulethe akukho imithambo yegazi, namandla ikhutshwa noko evela dermis kuphela.

Ukuba iyitshinizele nesibakala sokuba i esingaphandle ezinjalo, ufumanise ukuba apho yena, abaninzi baqalisa ukuba nomdla nesakhiwo sayo. It iqulathe iiseli, ezahlukeneyo ifomu kunye nesakhiwo. Babonakalisa kwisigaba esithile ebomini babo. Ububanzi sangaphandle, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yayo inokuba ukusuka 0,07 mm ukuya 1.4 mm. Umaleko echumayo phezu kweentende zeenyawo, neentende zezandla kuphela. A kakhulu isikhumba esibhityileyo (umaleko ayo aphezulu) yi kwindawo zikawonke wonke, phezu kunene, iindlebe kunye nesisu.

Ubume kwesigubungelo eliphezulu keratinized

Sangaphandle iqulathe zihlanu ngamnye. icandelo yayo ubizwa ngokuba keratinocyte. Kodwa ke isakhiwo sangaphandle inzima ngaphezu kusenokubonakala xa efika kuqala. Iingcali ukuchonga layers ezinjalo:

• carcinoma (germinative);
• inameva;
• granular;
• brilliant;
• horny.

Ngamnye kubo ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile kwaye ubume bayo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba iiseli ulusu zikwimeko rhoqo lohlaziyo. Lo maleko ezivavanyiweyo neenkqubo zokuvelisa, ukuphathwa, keratinization kunye desquamation. Kuxhomekeka kwindawo ethile umzimba epheleleyo epidermal Inqubo yokubuyekeza ingathatha iintsuku ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-30.

ezinawo corneum

Inxalenye engentla sangaphandle ubunjwe iiseli ukuba close contact ngokwaneleyo omnye komnye. Ifunyanwa kumacandelo ezinawo corneum ezi epidermal umqobo ulusu - bona ngokuba corneocytes. Ezi seli isikhumba baye baphelelwa le organelles iseli kwaye azele ngekeratini.

Ngenxa yoko la macandelo maleko horny ukuze ubakhusele phantsi zomzimba ukusuka umonakalo, lobushushu ukwahluka, ngetshaneli kunye umthondo ngayo iintsholongwane. ezikalini horny zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini. Iiplastiki ukuzaliswa okubi okanye oxineneyo fibrils ngekeratini. Phezu lwesibini kubo. A kuqala zibekwe kufutshane umaleko granular. Kubume, ingafunyanwa amathambo ibekwe ngaphambili organelles iseli kuyo. Ezi ezikalini zidla ngokuba T-iiseli.

Lo maleko aphezulu sangaphandle na umqobo cutaneous kwaye ibandakanya lamanqanaba ezininzi sele iiseli abafileyo, ezo buzane lipids. Phela, ezi izinto ezi abagcini ezisisiseko ukufuma esikhumbeni.

umaleko shiny

Le yinxalenye sangaphandle akusoloko kubonakaliswa. Libizwa ngokuba umaleko eleidinovym. Ukuba akunjalo wabonakala, ngoko ikhangeleka zingcakacile, ukukhanya, eqaqambileyo basihambise eyohlobo olulodwa. Layer kuthiwa kuphela ngenxa yokuba inkangeleko yazo. eziletha yawo ikhemikali ebizwa eleidin. It is a imveliso-isiseko iiseli olunye keratinization. Kuzifumana, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela eluswini amasundu amathe. Siqulathe iiseli atshabalalisa yinyukliya-free.

umaleko granular

Abo bajongane yokuba oku esingaphandle, ufumanise ukuba apho yena, kwaye khumbula balo babulingana nesandla, baqonde ukuba ngamnye yeencindi ayinamsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, umaleko kwamaqondo eparticulate yabhalwa eziseleni imiqolo 1-2 kuphela kwezo nkalo apho kukho sangaphandle obhityileyo. Kodwa kwakhona luqulathe lemiqolo 10 leeseli kwezo ndawo apho isikhumba ashinyeneyo ngakumbi. Baye diamond-okwe, laphela, side kuthinteleke licinezelwe nxamnye omnye komnye. Ifunyanwa kule nwebu iiseli baye balahlekelwa ukukwazi kwabo ahlulelane. Xa kukho icytoplasm kukho iintlobo ezimbini ngeengqalutye: Lamellar kunye eleidin. Bona ibekwe ukuze esqwini elide nganye iiseli diamond-ezimile ukuhambisa vee enxuseneyo okanye scallops.

iiseli ezinameva

Kungakhathaliseki ndawo indawo yesikhumba, wathi umaleko iqulathe lemiqolo 5-10. Ukufumana kulo Iiseli ngohlobo weepholigoni. Kujongwa ngemicroscope, ungabona nje kuphela zikhabane epidermal ulusu, kodwa ukubona iiseli ngokwabo, nesiqwenga emxinwa isithuba phakathi kwabo kunye neenkqubo oluzama uyihambisa. Ngenxa umaleko babo ogama inameva.

Keratinocytes ezidibene kule nxalenye desmosomes epidermal. Zinelungelo isakhiwo kunokuba entsokothileyo: zibonakala iipleyiti ezimbini, yaye phakathi kubo eneSandi phakathi cathode-4 no-3-ngaphaya electron-ashinyeneyo umaleko. It desmosomes ukuxhasa isakhiwo iseli lwangaphakathi, ziziimfidi intercellular iziqinisekiso compound. Baya bakhonza kwakhona indawo engathethekiyo ngenxa tonofilaments. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sangaphandle yabantu amalungiselelo ukwenzela ukuba izabelo eliphezulu umaleko spinous kunciphisa inani desmosomes.

iseli isakhiwo embhoxo amacandelo eli sebe Basal. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye zahluke. iiseli nezihlahla kwadityaniswa inani elikhulu desmosomes kwaye uthatha tonofilaments kubo ziyatyeba.

iiseli carcinoma

Lo maleko lo ezikude kakhulu ukusuka kumphezulu esikhumbeni. Kodwa inikeza ithuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo oko sangaphandle. Ingaba umaleko lokugqibela kwipleyiti carcinomas, elivimbela oko kwezinye iithishu. Iiseli kulo amalungiselelo emgceni omnye. Layer leyo zakha, ebizwa germinal nayo. Iqulethe iintlobo ezininzi iiseli. Kukho keratinocytes, melanocytes, lymphocyte, basophils zeethishu. Kwakhona ifakiwe kule nwebu Greenstein and Merkel iiseli.

Keratinocytes kule nwebu kanje nesilinda yimani nkqo. Bona ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezimbini: tyaba kwaye zubchastoy komhlaba. Abo yokuqala yahlulwe, ngenxa kwenzeka utshintsho yabo cell. Le yokugqibela lisebenza umsebenzi yogcino. Kodwa aqalile nesabelo nawuphi na umonakalo nolusu.

Ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda ukuqonda isakhiwo isakhiwo sangaphandle kuba, ukuba uyazi ukuba isakhiwo macandelo maleko basophilic yahlukile nje kancinane. Ukongeza kunye organelles kunye nuclei, ezivame ukuba zonke ezinye iiseli, ukuba isakhiwo ethile - tonofilameny. Kukho kwakhona ubandakanyo okhethekileyo, ekuthiwa melanin granules.

Kufuneka kananjalo bathi melanocytes - iiseli ezikhethekileyo ikwazi ukuvelisa bala lintsundu. Le into likhusela ngokuchaseneyo neziphumo ekonakaleni yelanga. Umaleko carcinoma kukuba zomyalelo 10-25% iiseli. Xa imbonakalo ziyindawo sea kwaye ibekwe phakathi keratinocytes. Ngokutsho ingalo yayo emide bayakwazi ukuthutha eli bala lintsundu ngaphakathi iiseli yi phagocytosis.

Ukwazi yonke le nkcazelo malunga nesakhiwo, iimpawu umaleko ongentla eluswini, ungabona ukuba sangaphandle, kukhangeleka nento efunekayo.