Yintoni ukwakhiwa computer?

Nabani na isigqibo ukuhlola isixhobo yekhompuyutha, qiniseka ukuba uhlangabezana elithi "ukwakhiwa ikhompyutha". Gcwalisa njengengcaciso ayikwazi kubonelelwa kuba ngqiqo ngokubanzi kakhulu kwaye omnye iqwalasela ukusuka kwinqanaba imbono zemisebenzi. Umzekelo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, xa echaza ingqalelo ngakumbi kwicandelo le-software (umyalelo, iirejista, memory), kunye nezinye - iintsimbi eziquka amacandelo isixhobo kunye nendlela yabo wentsebenziswano. Ekubeni avareji computer umniniyo onomdla kuwo izincedisi, hayi amaqela, ngoko siqwalasela umbuzo kule icala.

ukwakhiwa computer indlela yokucwangcisa impefumlelwano macandelo eynza ikhompyutha. Ukuze lula inxalenye ukuqonda achaze iimpawu eziphambili ziincindi eziphambili.

Zonke iikhompyutha mihla zisekelwe kwimigaqo lweenkcukacha, ecetywayo nguYohane von kunikezelo ngo-1946. Eyona lisahlulayo indlela elibujikele ukwenza nayiphi na inkqubo apho operands kunye data ibekwa kwimemori kwibhloko enye. Phela, oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba nakubugcisa computer von kunikezelo (kunikezelo) isetyenziswa kuzo zonke iikhompyutha mihla. Nangona kunjalo, amalinge kwenziwa ashenxele kude ixesha elide.

Kodwa emva kwisixhobo egqiba ekukhangelayo sesakhiwo ikhompyutha siqu. Nangona imithombo emininzi basis computing machine ebizwa iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo (CPU), nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha Classic, oku kusini na.

Eyona nto ukuba ngokungathanga ngqo ekuvumela ukuba ukhankanye oluphi ukwakhiwa yekhompyutha wasebenzisa motherboard. It ihlanjululwa line unxibelelwano (ibhasi) phakathi onke amacandelo, abaqhagamshelwe kunye motherboard (kunye nabanye) ngokusebenzisa izihlanganisi kunye namazibuko. Akukho motherboard jikelele, ukusukela ngamnye kubo ilungiselelwe ukusebenza kunye iklasi kakuhle echazwe of esixhasiweyo.

I-CPU - phambili ongundoqo yonke computer. Iqulathe nj enkulu ezigidi transistors ekwenzeni iibhloko ezisebenzayo. Nayiphi nokubaleka phezu ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo ngaphandle umsebenzisi iguqulelwa (evakalayo) kwikhowudi kumatshini ebaphethe phezu CPU. ukwakhiwa ikhompyutha luqinisekiswa kakhulu uhlobo CPU.

Aplikheyishini ibhasi, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, imelwe ngokwasemzimbeni ngemigca zonxibelelwano. Ukungqinelana ugqithiso uphawu ulwalathiso intsebenziswano inikeza:

• CPU iimodyuli kunye RAM;
• phakathi namazibuko enxulumene izixhobo zangaphandle kunye nememori. Kukho indlela evumela amalungu candelo ukusebenza memory inkqubo ngokusebenzisa umlawuli okhethekileyo, ngokudlula iyunithi yokusebenza engundoqo;
• phakathi zokungena le motherboard kunye CPU.

RAM yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nasiphi na isixhobo computing, nkqu wokubala elula. Le transistors kwinkumbulo yekhomputha iphunyeziwe iitshiphusi soldered ukuya isibiyeli PCB kunye nenani sliding abafowunelwa zezobhedu. strip nganye lifakwa isinxibelelanisi efanelekileyo motherboard. iklasi CPU ichaza isizukulwana exhaswa memory iimodyuli. Umzekelo, ukuba kumqhubekekisi Intel Core2Duo yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye DDR2 inkumbulo, anguNdoqo ezilandelayo lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kuphela DDR3.

Ngaphandle kokusebenza, kukho ngokwesiseko eyahlukileyo uhlobo kwinkumbulo. Uchazwa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, isixhobo nosiba disk (HDD).

Ukongeza amacandelo yangaphakathi, kukho inani elikhulu lwezixhobo yangaphandle. Kuphela ngenxa kubo kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu-umatshini intsebenziswano. Ngokomzekelo, omnye esweni, mouse, keyboard, touch screen, kwakunye isithwebuli, yomshicileli, njl - zonke izixhobo zangaphandle, ngaphandle apho ikhompyutha ngebabehleli ibhokisi elula otyhidiweyo, into ngokwayo.

Eli phepha linikezela kuphela isishwankathelo lwemithombo computer. Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga namacandelo ingafunyanwa kwi Internet.