Indlunkulu yeSicily. Ukujonga, isithombe

Isiqithi saseSicily (iSicilia, eItali), apho iindawo ezikhangayo kunye namabhendi atyelela izigidi zabavakhenkethi minyaka yonke, zihlanganiselwe kwintsimi yayo ininzi yezikhumbuzo zembali kunye nezakhiwo ezakhiwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuphuhliswa kwabantu. Inkulu yalo ibizwa ngokuthi iPalermo. Kuya kuxutyushwa ngokubanzi ngokubanzi.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi yesixeko

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngentla, inkunzi yaseSicily (Italy) yiPalermo. Esi sixeko sinye yeendawo zokudala zelizwe lonke. Yona sikhulu esikhulu seItali, kwaye abantu basendaweni yesihlanu kwimeko. Ngokukodwa, njengamhlanje, malunga nama-655 abantu abahlala apha. I-Palermo kwiNxweme yeMedithera, kwicala elisempuma yesiqithi, kufuphi neenyawo zeNtaba iPelegrino. Inxalenye esentshona yayo incinci. Kanye nale ndawo, izindlu apha zibiza kakhulu xa zithelekiswa neendawo eziphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isixeko sinokuthiwa sikhathazekile, sikhoxwa kwaye sinemibala. Ubona umoya oyingqayizivele, abantu abanobungane, izakhiwo ezintle kunye nokutya okumnandi.

Umbuzo oyintloko othakazelisayo bonke abahambahambayo, abanomgomo wokutyelela iPalermo (inkulu yaseSicily) - indlela yokufikelela kwisixeko. Kukulungele ukwenza oku kwindiza. Ngelishwa, iinqwelo ezihamba phambili ezivela kwilizwe lethu ukuya kwisiqithi azibonwanga. Ngaloo ndlela, kubalulekile ukuqhuba indiza ehlangeneyo eRoma, Venice okanye eMilan.

Imbali yesiseko kunye nabokuqala

Ngokweenkcukacha zesiganeko esisemthethweni, isixeko sasisungulwa ngabantu baseFenike ngo-734 BC. Ekuqaleni kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-Sous, eguqulela njenge "ntyatyambo". Siyabulela kwindawo ephumelelayo yoshishino, ukurhweba kunye nokurhweba kwakha ngokukhawuleza apha. Emva kancinci, kwakukho ichweba, eyayiba yinto ephambili yokupaka iinqwelo zeCarthage. Oku, ngokukhawuleza, kwakhawuleza ukuphuhliswa kwayo. Ukususela ekufikeni kwamaRoma ngo-254, isixeko sele sibe yindawo yokutya yesigxina sobukhosi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwakunjani, ezi zinto zazingekho kwixesha elihle lokuphila kwakhe, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wawela ekuhleni. Ukususela ngo-535 i-Byzantines ilawulwa apha, kodwa imeko ayitshintshi ngokuphawulekayo.

Ixesha leArabhu

Kwinkulungwane yesithoba, isixeko sakwaSaracens, esandula satsho ukuba iPalermo yintloko yeSicily. Imbali yophuhliso lwayo, ukususela kule mzuzu, iphendukele ngokupheleleyo kwelinye icala. Ngokukhawuleza isixeko safumana ubuqaqawuli bayo bamanje kwaye saziguqula ngokwayo ibe yindawo ebalulekileyo yokuthenga kuyo yonke iLwandle iMedithera. Ngethuba lokulawula kweSaracens, kwakhiwa ama-mosque angaphezu kwama-300 apha. Nangona kunjalo, abanqobileyo abazange baphishekele amaKristu okanye amaYuda, ngoko izazi-mlando zibiza ngeli xesha ixesha lokunyamezela. NgamaArabhu, ubuchwepheshe obutsha bokunkcenkceshela kwamazwe beza apha. Kwaye kwakukho udumo kwihlabathi lonke leemerald.

UNorman

Ngo-1072, isiqithi saseSicily (i-capital) kubanjwe yimikhosi kaNorman King Ruggiero d'Altavilla. Abalawuli abatsha babonakala benet talente kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, bavumela ama-Aborigines asekuhlaleni ukuba azigcine. Ngo-1130, ubukumkani baseSicilian busekelwe apha, kwaye iPalermo yayiyinkunzi yayo. Ukwakhiwa kwexesha likaNorman yinkxaso eyongezelelweyo yokulungelelaniswa okukhulu kwabalawuli beli xesha ukuya kwizithethe zendawo, kuba ihlangene ngokumanyeneyo kwaye igcina iRoma, i-Byzantine, iArabhu kunye neNewman.

Isikhathi saseSpain

Ngomnyaka we-1266 loo mzi wawunqotshwa nguCharles of Anjou. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu emva koko, abantu basekuhlaleni bavusa ukuvukela urhulumente, olwaba yimfazwe. Kwaphela iminyaka elithoba, ngexesha apho onke amaFransi awabhujiswa khona apha. Emva kokuphela kwayo, ixesha lolawulo lwesiSpanish lucala. 1618 yaphawulwa ngokuqala kweMfazwe Yeminyaka Emashumi Amathathu eYurophu . Eli xesha lithe lahlaselwa kwisiqithi saseSicily. Indlunkulu, njengamanye amadolophu, ixhamla kwiirhafu eziphezulu, kwaye imeko yahluthwa yizivuno ezimbi kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, inzondo kubantu baseSpanish phakathi kwendawo yabemi, eyabangela ukuqhuma kwesinye. Ngenxa yoko, i-Senate yachithwa, kwaye irhafu iyancitshiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza u-viceroy ubuyisele amalungelo akhe kwaye wazisa amanyathelo angqongqo kubantu basekuhlaleni.

Ngo-1734, amagunya athatha abameli beBourbons kwisiqithi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, babumbene iSicily kunye noBukumkani baseNaples, bememezela uBukumkani boBugcisa boBini.

EItali

Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1860, kunye namavolontiya angamawaka esiqithi, uGiuseppe Garibaldi wafika . Kwiintsuku ezintathu nje zokulwa, umzi wanikela waza waba yinxalenye ye-Italy ebumbene. Kwiminyaka emashumi alandelayo, kwakukho izibandezelo, ukuvukela kunye nokuphindaphindwa, ngexesha apho abemi be siqithi baqhelana khona ukuhlala kunye nobukumkani. Ngelo xesha, i-Sicilian Famous Sicilian Mafia yavela, eyayixhasa amandla ekuqaleni kwabalimi beemhlaba.

Ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala uPalermo akalimanga, ngexesha leMfazwe yeSizwe yeSizwe inkulu-dolobha yaseSicily yaqhutyelwa ibhomu ngombutho wama-Allied. Ngaphandle kwezindlu ke kukho abantu abangaphezu kwe-14 basekuhlaleni. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini lokugqibela loo mzi wawugqitywa ngumtsalane wabafuduki ababeza kukhangela umsebenzi. Babengenalo ikhaya, ngoko ngeli xesha kwakukho ukuhluma kokwakhiwa, okwehla kwimbali nje ngokuthi "intshabalalo yasePalermo." Oku akumangalisi, kuba izakhiwo ezizodwa kunye nezakhiwo zaye zachithwa, apho kwakukho izindlu zekhonkrithi ezininzi kunye neepaki zeemoto. Ngelo xesha, iziko elichaphazelekayo lahlala lichithekile. Inani labahlali bendawo kule minyaka likhule ngo-20%.

Inkcazelo ngokubanzi yezinto ezikhangayo

Ngamanye amaxesha uPalermo kuthiwa yi-museum evulekile. Oku akumangalisi, kuba kukho iipeliti ezingama-295 kunye neecawa, okwesine apho kwakukho iindwendwe zangaphambili. Ezi zikhumbuzo ziqhayisa lonke iItali, kwaye ngokukodwa abemi besiqithi saseSicily. Iimpawu (imbali yabanye babo phantse iminyaka eyi-3 000 ubudala) yadalwa phantsi kwefuthe leenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-eras. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isixeko sithole umbulelo wokubonga ngesakhiwo esithakazelisayo: zimbini izitalato zendawo eziphambili zitholakala kwi-perpendicular komnye nomnye, kwaye zidibanisa kwisikwere se-Quantrant Canti, esabonakala ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe. Ngolunye ulwazi iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo zedolophu zichazwe ngezantsi.

I sikhungo

Enye yezona zikhokelo eziphambili, apho inkulu yeSicily inokuqhayisa, yiCathhedral yasePalermo. Kwizakhiwo zalo, izakhiwo zeArabia neNorman, kunye neBaroque ne-Gothic, zidibene. Ngokutsho kwezi zifundo, oku kubangelwa kukuba isakhiwo sakha kwakhona kwaye savuselelwa ngamaxesha amaninzi. Ngokukodwa, kwasekuqaleni isayithi lecawa laseByzantine, laguqulelwa kwi-nkulungwane yesithoba kwiArabhu kwi-mosque. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sixeko ngabantu baseNormans, yazingcwaliswa ngokuhlonipha iNtombi. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini, umbhishophu omkhulu wendawo wakha apha i-cathedral, eyayiqulunqwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiinkulungwane ezixhenxe ezisixhenxe kwaye yandiswa ngamaxesha amaninzi. Wafumana ukubonakala kwakhe kwangoku ngo-1801.

Icawa yaseLa Martorana

Igama elisemthethweni lale ndawo ephawulekayo i-Palermo ifana necawa yaseSanta Maria del Ammiralo. Itholakala kwisikwere saseBellini yaye yabekwa ekhulwini leshumi elinesibini ngabantu baseNorman. Ukubonakala kwetempile kuye kwangena utshintsho oluninzi kwimbali yalo. Kuze kube ngoku, ukubonakala kwayo kwasekuqaleni kuye kwagcinwa kwintsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Umhlobiso wangaphakathi uyamangalisa umcabango ongenqabileyo kunye nobukhulu bawo. Amagama ahlukileyo afanelwe imifanekiso yaseNorman-Byzantine ehlobisa iindonga kunye nedome. Kwiminyaka emakhulu asithoba abazange balahleke ukukhanya kwemibala. Le nyaniso yinto engummangaliso wokwenene nangona izazinzulu ziyibiza.

Iikhamyombhu zamaCapuins

Indawo engummangaliso neyimfihlakalo eyinhloko yeSicily ineCacacombs yeCapuins. Baye bangcwaba kwangaphambili phantsi kweendwendwe zegama elifanayo. Ngombulelo kwimozulu ekhethiweyo yeemingxuma zendawo, izidumbu zomntu ofileyo, zangcwatyelwa kwithuba elinesine elinesine ukuya kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, ziye zasinda nanamhla. Ekubeni, kukho ama-mummies ayizigidi ezisibhozo zabantu abavela kwiindawo ezihlukeneyo (iidonki, abafundisi, izibini ezitshatileyo, abantu abazityebi nabantwana). Nangona ama-catacombs ahlala ngaphandle kwendawo esembindini yeso sixeko, unokufika apha ngeenyawo. Le ndawo ithathwa njengenye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kubakhenkethi ePalermo. Kukunye, ukutyelela kunconywa kuphela kubantu abanomdla kakhulu abaneentliziyo ezinamandla.

INorman Palace

Amagama ahlukileyo afanelwe indlu yaseburhulumenteni yaseNorman. Ukubonakala kwayo kokuqala kulula. Kodwa ukuba ungena ngaphakathi, ukucinga kwangaphambili ngaye kuye kwatshintsha kakhulu. Lapha phambi kweendwendwe ivulekile ngaphakathi. Ezinye zeehholo zahlala zizinzile, kodwa inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqantosi yaseSpeyin yavuselelwa kwakhona. Namhlanje ipalamente yendawo ihleli apha. Kumgangatho wesibini kukho iChapel yasePalatine, iindonga zayo zihlotshiswe ngomzobo ozinikezelwe kumxholo weBhayibhile. Kubekwe ngabaphathi basekhaya baseByzantium ukusuka kwishumi elinesibini ukuya kwekhulu le-15. Akukho nto inokufumaneka nakwiitrante zase-Constantinople zasendulo.

Amanye amabandla adumile

Inkunzi enkulu yaseSicily, iPalermo ineempawu ezininzi, enye yebandla laseSan Giovanni del Eremitti, eyakhiwe ngo-1142. Okwangoku, apha uyakwazi ukubona i-sarcophagi yamakhosi kunye nobukhosi, kunye neendyebo ezifunyenwe emangcwabeni amakhosi.

Ecaweni yaseSt. Francis yaseAssisi kukho imisebenzi eminingi yobugcisa. Ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo awakhiwa ngabaphathi abadumileyo njengoGiacomo Serpotta, intsapho kaGaggini, uFrancesco Laurana, uPietro Novelli nabanye.

I-Admiral Church yakhiwa ngo-1143, ngexesha lolawulo lukaKumkani Roger II. Leli gama lafunyanwa malunga nento eyakhiwe ngemali ye-Admiral yaseAntiyokwe. Inomdla okhethekileyo apha iqoqo eliyingqayizivele leempahla, apho kukho imifanekiso engaphambili kunye nomfanekiso wayo.

Iparele yangempela ye-Baroque yeSicilian ingabizwa ngokuba yiNdlu kaYesu, eyakhiwa ngo-1590. Ngomnyaka we-1636 yahlanjululwa, kwaye ngowe-1892 yanikezelwa kwimeko yesikhumbuzo sesizwe.

Ezinye indawo ezithakazelisayo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwakunjani, i-capital yaseSicily idume nje kuphela ngeetempileni zayo nasezindlwini zamakhosi. Kukho ezinye iindawo ezinomdla ezityelela abahanjisi behlabathi lonke. Ngokomzekelo, evuliwe ngo-1555, umthombo wasePitoli wakhiwa nguFlorrentco Camilliani owaziwa nguFlorentine. Ngokwalo, limelela ukwakheka okuqulethwe uchungechunge lweesitya ezihlukileyo ngobukhulu. Zizungezwe ngeempawu zeemarbo zeengcamango, izilwanyana ezimnandi, izilwanyana kunye nabalinganiswa beengcali.

Abantu abafuna ukuphumla kwizikhumbuzo ezibukhulu kunye nezokwakha izakhiwo banokutyelela iBhodini yaseBotanical, kwintsimi apho iqoqo ekhethekileyo yezityalo ezimele onke amazwekazi ziqokelelwa. Ewonke, kukho iiyunithi ezili-12 zeeyunithi.

Njengeminye imimandla yaseItaly, isiqithi saseSicily sithandwa kakhulu kubahlali bendawo kwi-opera yesizwe. Akumangalisi ukuba ii-21 zoonobumba zisebenza apha. Iyona edumileyo kunye nodumo phakathi kwabo yi "Massimo Theatre" eyakhiwe ngowe-1897. Lo ngowona hlobo lukhulu kakhulu lwama-opera eYurophu kunye nama-acoustics amahle kakhulu, enokubakho ngokufanayo ukuya kumawaka angamawaka amathathu.

Chaza ngokufutshane zonke iindalo zeso sixeko-akunakwenzeka - zifuna ukubona ubuncinane kanye kuphela ebomini.

Zokuhlala kwiSicilian

Nangona kubaluleke kakhulu kunye nomdla wokuvakatyela ePalermo, kukho ezinye iindwendwe ezithakazelisayo kwaye zifanelekile kuloo ndawo kwisiqithi saseSicily. Iindawo zokungcebeleka kweSixeko, ezinokhenketho, njengenkunzi-mkhulu, azikwazi ukushiya nabaninzi abahambahambayo abahambahambayo, basasazeka kulo lonke unxweme.

I-Agrigento iyona ndawo inqabileyo enkulu kunxweme lwaseMedithera. Isixeko siyaziwayo nje kuphela kwimithombo yamathambo, kodwa nangenxa yamabhendi amahle anesihlabathi. Iquka iIzilwanyana ezintathu zePelagi, ezenza abalandeli beendawo ezikhethekileyo, ukuhamba kolwandle, ukuloba kunye nokudilika.

Kwinquma elisempuma yesiqithi ngumzi waseCatania, uhlanjwe uLwandle lwaseIyonian. Inqabileyo yayo eyona nto ibangelwa ngamabhentshi avela kwintshonalanga ye-volcanic. Ubude bayo bufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezithoba.

Inqabileyo enkulu ye siqithi sonke iTarormina, esephondo laseM Messina kwaye ihlanjwe ngamanzi aseTyrrhenian naseYonian. Ummandla udume ngamabhankane ayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yiSpiaja Sabbiè Nère. Iqukethe ngokupheleleyo isanti yomlilo.

Ezinye iindawo zokurhweba eziqhelekileyo ziyiSirkusa neRugusa.