Yintoni umdla Turan esezantsi. intlango yayo, imilambo namachibi

nelezihlambo Turan - enye yengingqi umdla Kazakhstan kunye Central Asia. Kanye ngeli xesha ololulele ulwandle olukhulu, iintsalela kuzo lweCaspian mihla kunye noLwandle Aral. Okwangoku, le ithafa elikhulu, apho ummandla kuhlala iintlango ka Karakum, Kyzylkum kunye nabanye.

Uphi Turan esezantsi

Uhlobo le ndawo kuxhomekeke kwindawo ethile. nelezihlambo Turan ukwakweli ummandla ezintathu kumazwe - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan kunye Kazakhstan. Le ezisemntla-emazantsi oluya nelezihlambo 1.6 ophosa kunye-mpuma west ngakulo - .. Ngomhla zaliwaka khilomitha, yomxhaso indawo enkulu.

Igama lo mmandla lithatyathwe elithi "Turan", "ilizwe" lokushumayela. Eli gama nâzo encwadini engcwele wabhala - Avesta, leyo labhalwa emva ukuya ku-1000 yiminyaka BC. Abaphandi bathi ukuba i "ukhenketho" - a bendlela emathafeni.

Le ngingqi esisityebi kwizimbiwa (ioli, igesi, igolide, isalfure, njalo njalo) ezisasazwa imfuyo kwaye ziphuhliswe yokunkcenkceshela ezolimo.

ukukhululeka

Uncedo Turan nelezihlambo becala ke kunokuba umlinganiswa nokuthantamisa, utshintsho ukuphakama zincinane kakhulu. Noko ke, apha ezinkqantosini Zinokuxutywa ukuphakama eziliqela misinga. Esibi kunazo yi esesihlanjeni Karagiye, endaweni leyo - minus 132 iimitha (ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle), kwaye indawo ephezulu - Mount Tamdytau (0.922 km).

Le iyenzeka umndilili ngingqi 200-300 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Le ndawo ephakeme Turan nelezihlambo i Kyzylkum entlango ezinomyinge ephakame 0.388 km. Kumaxesha amandulo, Turan nelezihlambo esikhulu elizweni emazantsi olwandle, iintsalela apho mihla ke Aral kunye lweCaspian Seas.

Kyzylkum entlango, wazigquma Karakum lamane kunye yomhlaba ngokukhawuleza aeolian. Apha ungabona kwentlabathi laseSamariya, zesanti kunye neendunduma.

sezulu

Imozulu ngingqi kakhulu elizwekazi entlango, ixhomekeke iimpawu zayo zelizwe. Okokuqala, Turan Nama ilele intliziyo lizwekazi. Kude kakhulu ukusuka olwandle kunye nomoya emanzi. Okwesibini, ukususela nemiqobo ezintabeni ezinqongopheleyo ngasezantsi nomzantsi-ntshona imiyalelo Turan nelezihlambo ukuba buthathaka ajikelezayo umoya ubunzima.

Konke oku kwenza le ngingqi owomileyo kakhulu zagutyungelwa kwindawo ezinkulu entlango. Kulo mzekelo, i kwezulu emntla-ngasezantsi lidla ukunciphisa, kunye namandla awo obushushu ukuhla uchatha.

Le loseto lwekhompyutha mfula

Ngenxa kwiimpawu zemozulu yothungelwano umlambo ngingqi equlunqiweyo kakuhle, imelwe ikakhulu imilambo Syr Darya kunye Amu Darya emifuleni kuLwandle Aral. , Nayo - enyanisweni echibini Turan esesihlanjeni. Yaye kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ngenxa kuphuhliso esebenzayo zezolimo eliphantsi kakhulu ukuhamba Amudarya kunye Syrdarya - waphantse wayeka, ndibangela kancinane ukomisa oLwandle Aral kunye ezininzi iingxaki. Turan nelezihlambo umlambo Syrdarya yahlula mmandla ibe ngamaqela amabini ukungalingani - ngasentla nangasezantsi. Ukongezelela imilambo ezimbini mikhulu, kwi Turan esemazantsi esinga kwelasezantsi-mpuma - kumntla-ntshona ilele ebhedini esomileyo-up omlambo Uzboi.

Karakum

I-Karakum entlango ( "kwentlabathi black") ithatha indawo enkulukazi 350 amawaka square metres. km. Imvelaphi yegama, mhlawumbi ngenxa izityalo ukuba ihlobo ulahlekelwa umbala wayo oluhlaza. Yaye iindunduma zentlabathi ibizwa ngokuba Ak-Kum ( "intlabathi emhlophe"). Karakum eyaziwayo zesanti yayo bafumana Temple City Gonur Depe, apha ayenqula umlilo.

Desert yomile kakhulu kwaye phantse ka kuyo. Kulo nyaka apha uwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo 60-150 mm emvula, kunye uninzi lwabo (70%) iwela ngexesha kubanda. Kushushu kakhulu ehlotyeni, ubushushu kwezinye iindawo lisingisa 50 ^0, kwaye isanti ngokwayo ngumsindo ku 80, ukwenza intshukumo ngeenyawo kuwo akunakwenzeka. Ebusika kukho kuneqabaka kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ithemometha sibe ngaphantsi kwama-30 ⁰ Celsius.

Nangona iimeko zemozulu ezingalunganga kwi eyintlango ekhaya kwizilwanyana ezininzi - nofudo, cat zasendle, iimpuku ezahlukeneyo, noonomadudwane, iinyoka, njl Kumntla koozintlango udongwe saigas Turan nelezihlambo ubomi namabhadi. Mhlawumbi nokutsala eziyintloko bumane wentaba omhle Darwaza, apho abahlali thelekisa kule emnyango ukuya esihogweni. Inyaniso kukuba emva kunokwembiwa akuphumelelanga kunye umatshini wokugrumba zingawi emhlabeni evela ngaphantsi komhlaba wenyuka igesi, ukusongela ukuba ityhefu kwiidolophana ezikufuphi. Ukuze uphephe oku, kwagqitywa ekubeni phemba irhasi. Ngoko ovuthayo 60m nelangatye ifanele ukuphakama usinde ngamanye amaxesha idlula 10 leemitha.

Kyzylkum

Le ndawo entlango likhulu kuMbindi Asia. Ngomhla kummandla Kazakhstan mihla icandelo layo wasentla kuphela.

Intlango, ogama gama eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "intlabathi ebomvu", emi phakathi imilambo Amu Darya kunye Syr Darya. ngokwenene ngwane alo nombala obomvu. Bathi imvelaphi aeolian kwaye nezikhukhula, ezo Paleogene ubudala. Desert ohlala ezikwere zeekhilomitha 300,000. Sands Endless ke Zinokuxutywa iintaba outlier amancinane (ngaphantsi kwe khilomitha ukuphakama). Nawakhe intlabathi ezenziwa ngumoya, maxa wambi ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha 75.

Ngokungafaniyo udade wayo Turan (Karakum), Kyzylkum kukholekileyo ngakumbi ubomi. Apha zidle nempahla emfutshane, wabulela amanzi nokususa evela Syr Darya kunye ijelo kwezinye iindawo ukulawula ukufumana isivuno irayisi, iidiliya kunye neziqhamo.