Yintoni umhlaza kuwenza? yamathumba okubulalayo metastases

Umhlaza ubizwa ngokuba ukumkani izifo. Xa inani lokufa , wathabatha indawo-2 kwi-manani ehlabathini. Abantu boyika uxilongo "umhlaza", ukuphelelwa lithemba kwi igama elithi "Ukudlulela." Kodwa asingabo bonke into embi. amayeza Modern uyala elide ngokoluvo unesifo esinganyangekiyo. Yintoni i "umhlaza," yaye metastases ezinjalo nomhlaza? Makhe uphando.

Umhlaza - ithumba?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngalinye ithumba kugqalwa nomhlaza. Eli gama wangena kule iyeza noHippocrates ukuba ithumba ukubonakala wamkhumbuza nonkala ( "karkinos" ngesiGrike). Ngenxa yoko carcinoma, okanye umhlaza. Ukuze uqonde into Ukudlulela e umhlaza, zama ukuchaza nje yaye oko umhlaza.

Masithi emzimbeni wakho kwezinye embi eziqhelekileyo iseli elungileyo wajika ngequbuliso ibe ndiyingwenya na, elo ngeenxa zonke, kunokuba umzimba evuthelweyo, umphakathi ezininzi kunye nenani kwezinye zofuzo. Eli rhamncwa waqala share engalawulekiyo, ivelisa uhlobo yabo kwanezilo. Ngoko ukuze ufumane ithumba zaseprayimari. Iiseli wawumdibanisa abamelwane, kwaye 'sibona' ukuba ndawo incinane, yeka ke ukulaba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba contact inhibition. ngwenya lethu akaphenduli. Zavelisa inzala kubeka uxinzelelo abamelwane yayo, adeleke utshintsho ezimbi. Ngaphezu koko, eli rhamncwa iye phantse ongenakufa, njengoko kweeseli ofayo nemvelo (okanye apoptosis), ngoku ichazwe kakubi kakhulu. Kuba izilo nasekukhuleni elizayo iiseli ukukhuthaza ukukhula ithumba nobeempahla ezintsha igazi, ukukhuselwa ityhefu zabo ezizodwa imveliso ukuba abayithintelayo ekhoyo okukwazi anti-ithumba yomzimba. bayazi ukuba akhohlise kwaye aphephe abo iseli immunokontrol umbulali iiseli T ngayo.

Yintoni i "Ukudlulela"?

Ekubeni ithumba ecacileyo. Kuhleli ukongeza ukuba iiseli gongqongqo zingavela emzimbeni naphi, kulo naliphi na iziko. Bathi nanceba akukho abantwana okanye abadala, kodwa eziqhelekileyo, ngakumbi abo ngaphezu 50. Siya kuzama ukuqonda oko Ukudlulela zomhlaza. Usapho of izilo liyenyuka yaye ekusasazeni, zingene amalungu ezikufutshane (metastases zemimandla). Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka zifake umzimba yonke, leyo iiseli njengesi ukhipha ukusuka kwimfundo umama wabo, egazini kunye / okanye nkovu kunye yangoku zabo kuthwalwa umzimba isigulane (metastases kude).

Kwimeko yokuqala babizwa hematogenous kunye yesibini emithanjeni. Xa ezintsha iiseli indawo-njengesi ayinakutshintshwa, yaye yonke into iphindiwe. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba Ukudlulela amayeza. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kuqalise ngoko nangoko emva kokuvela nethumba zaseprayimari, ngoxa abanye - kuphela emva kokuba utshintsho kwesi sifo kwi zigaba emva kwexesha. Kanti abanye bakholelwa ukuba Ukudlulela iqala ngoko nangoko, kodwa akasoloko zikhule kwangoko. Oku ke kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastases aleleyo, nto leyo echaphazela imbonakalo unyango akakhethi oncological.

izigaba zomhlaza

Ukuhlelwa Uniform izigaba umhlaza apho, kodwa inkoliso iingcali ihambelana inkqubo TNM. Kukho izigaba ezibalulekileyo:

• Oko - ithumba kwi kuxilonga ayikenziwa uzimisele.
• Tis - ngaphandle Ukudlulela, oko kukuthi, ehleli phezu komhlaba.
• T1 - phantse iyafana eqongeni elidlulileyo. Okwangoku, unyango kudla ngokuba nempumelelo. Ingxaki kuphela - kwinqanaba lokuqala umhlaza kungabonwa kuphela ngengozi okanye nophando ezizodwa.
• T2 - umhlaza ukuba aphila, kodwa ke yengingqi. Uqikelelo apha kakhulu intle, nangona lunzima kakhulu.
• T3 - kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka T2. Ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, kweli nqanaba, ngaphandle unit zesithili metastases kude. Iimpawu kwinqanaba wesithathu umehluko neentlungu ndingekho, iyenza nzima ukubona. Ngokubanzi, 3 ibakala umhlaza, njengayo nayiphi na, uzimisele ngokuqgibeleleyo. Kuba umzimba wonke apha uye iikhrayitheriya zalo umfanekiso yayo clinical.
• T4 - sigaba wokugqibela, apho Ukudlulela saa zombini kufutshane kwaye amalungu kude. Izigulane ngaloo abanengxaki iintlungu eziqatha, ubuthathaka, ukuncipha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umhlaza ebangela ukufa degrees 4 metastases. Zingaphi bahlala izigulane ezinjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba uphendule ngokuchanekileyo. Le photo ngeposi ngezantsi ibonisa markers ithumba of Ukudlulela.

isigaba kuwenza

Xa Ukudlulela iye isikali yayo, zibonakaliswe yileta M. In inowuthi kukho kwamkelwa kuphela imfundo ekude.

• MX - metastases ayaziwa, kuba izifundo ziye ayikhange kwenziwa;
• Mo - ithumba elikude ukubunjwa ayifumanekanga;
• M1 - ububonile ubukho metastases ezikude.

Ngoko, igama elithi "aphila izidanga 4" libhekisela kumandla 4-th zomhlaza.

Ezi zenzeka ithumba lesibini ukubunjwa kunokuba ngokupheleleyo naphi na emzimbeni, kodwa kaninzi kuchaphazela isibindi, ingqondo, imiphunga, izicwili bone uyadinga kwithishyu. Xa umhlaza esiswini, maqanda, injeke, ikholoni kunye zesibeleko metastases nazo kuyenzeka kwi peritoneum.

Yintoni na umngcipheko omkhulu somhlaza?

Impendulo kumbuzo luza kuba yintoni Ukudlulela e umhlaza, hayi ngokupheleleyo ukuba anithanga uthi akunjalo kakhulu nethumba ephambili kuyingozi akubulali, njengoko ezifunda kwaye ingakumbi nakujoliso olutsha zasesekondari ekude. Esi simo kuthiwa umhlaza kuwenza. Lowo udla ukuba njengokungathi eyomeleleyo esibuhlungu, nto leyo edla esiyintloko okubangele uhambo lomguli kwagqirha. Le umhlaza kuyingozi, ikakhulu ngenxa ubunzima ukuchonga zalapha ekhaya kwabo metastases, ekhokelela unyango engaphelelanga yi kutyando radiotherapy. chemotherapy kuphela (ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi), kunye enama-immunotherapy metastases ezichaphazela bonke ngaxeshanye, kodwa, ngelishwa, kuba lomthobo olo nyango akwanelanga.

uqikelelo

Bona zixhomekeke ngqo kwi indlela apho metastases omzimba. Yintoni uhlala nomonde live, nayo kuxhomekeke kwi nemeko ngokubanzi kumzimba, kwaye apho ikhoyo lokuqala ithumba ukusuka unyango leyo ekuLunyukisiweyo ngazo zinakho ukuqhutywa. Ukuba ngaba wenze nantoni na, ubomi bomntu ibalwa ngeenyanga, ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-6 Ukuba wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze sibe nesimo sengqondo esihle yaye umnqweno ukoyisa sifo, lokuphila kuyanda kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa unyango ezininzi ze metastases emiphungeni ze izigulane Zinokuphila zide zibe neminyaka-10, yaye esibindini - ukuya kwiminyaka-5. Le metastases zobuchopho ukuzazisa ingqalelo. Oku kungenxa ingakumbi umzimba kunye ubunzima ekuqhubeni ezininzi iindlela ezaziwayo okwangoku zonyango. I-ALS kakhulu zesi sifo - ubomi 2 iminyaka. Oku kunokwenzeka xa kusenziwa utyando ilandelwe yi-radiation kunye nonyango ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuphepha umhlaza?

Lo mbuzo umdla, mhlawumbi, wonke umntu. Research Institute of Russia kunye namanye amazwe Oncology olwenziwe amawaka izifundo ukuba atyhile unobangela weseli wezakhi. Umhlaza-abangela naliphi na iziko, izazinzulu iyathetha ukutya ukutya equlathe carcinogens eziphambili, naluphi na uhlobo radiation (radiation, ukukhanya yelanga, kunye nabanye), ezinye iintsholongwane (umzekelo, papilloma), yofuzo, uxinezeleko rhoqo yokuphila mpilweni. Kukho izizathu ezithile. Ngoko ke, ziphawuleka ukuba umhlaza wemiphunga into ixhaphake kakhulu abatshayayo ngaphezu non-abatshayayo, kunye umhlaza wesibindi kunye nesisu - kakubi utywala. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kwezi zinto ebomini bakho, ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo. Kodwa xa loxilongo esibi akanako ukunika lithemba. Kule mihla, nokuba sigaba 3 umhlaza iphathwa kakhulu ngempumelelo. Into engundoqo ke, ukuba iphutha kunye uxilongo.

ekuxilongweni

Enye iimpawu engasi ithumba angendawo kwi zigaba kwakusasa phantse ze ubonise naziphi na iimpawu. Le ngaphandle umhlaza ulusu kunye namanye amalungu, apho ithumba lwedabi kuyabonakala abangaboniyo. Enye into kukuba iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezifanayo. Zezi:

• nokudinwa;
• komzimba;
• ukungabi namdla;
• kwathi gqi zamanzi ukudumba;
• ukubila ngokugqithiseleyo;
• igazi.

Ukuba ngaba wehlelwa zezi mpawu kufuneka ubone ugqirha-somdlavuza ababambe kuxilonga (Ngokucofa kweziza enobukhwele,-X-reyi, imbali yezonyango). Kuba ukuxilongwa ngakumbi, kungakuhle ukuba bangene Umhlaza Centre, apho ukwenza inani lezifundo: X-ray, MRI, CT scan, endoscopy, iimvavanyo zegazi kwemichiza kwaye ahlalutye biopsy oncomarkers.

Iimpawu Ukudlulela kungaba:

• iindawo nkovu landile;
• isikhohlela, Ukudlulela umphunga;
• isibindi landile;
• metastases e amathambo - intlungu imilenze, waphuka rhoqo;
• engqondweni - iindidi iingxaki luvo, ukungaboni, ulungelelwaniso, nokuva, intetho, ukuxhuzula.

Uxilongo iyafana naleyo yamathumba zaseprayimari.

unyango

Uninzi izigulane ezinomhlaza ngayo ekuhlaleni. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kungakuhle ukucacisa uxilongo eziya kuviwa kwiziko umhlaza federal, apho kukho khona izixhobo ze-kwinqanaba eliphezulu iingcali eziphambili basebenza iiteknoloji ezintsha. E Moscow, oko embindini Blokhin Oncology kunye Cancer Institute ogama emva Herzen. Ukuze ufumane Kunokubakho ngummi Russia, emva kokuthatha ulwalathiso kugqirha wakho uze wenze idinga. E St. Petersburg, lo ke Research Institute of Oncology ogama Petrov.

La maziko zisuse zoqhaqho nethumba, ukuba kunokwenzeka, undikhuphele ngaphandle ntlobo zilandelayo unyango:

• radiation (radiosurgery);
• chemotherapy;
• omzimba;
• gene (unyango kunokuba olusebenzayo ngokubhenca umatshini yemfuza yesigulana).