Imbali Emfutshane iincwadi Russian

esizweni ngasinye okanye uhlanga, ilizwe okanye indawo - imbali yayo yenkcubeko. A ingxenye enkulu izithethe zenkcubeko ezikhumbuzo uncwadi - vutshila ilizwi. Loo nto ibonakalisa ubomi kunye nobomi nasiphi na isizwe esithile, apho umntu aqonde njani aba bantu kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo kunye zeminyaka. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba uncwadi lesikhumbuzo ibalulekileyo kwimbali nenkcubeko.

Imbali iincwadi Russian

Hayi ngaphandle, kodwa kunokuba isiqinisekiso ngentla - abantu Russian. Imbali iincwadi Russian unembali ende. Ekubeni nokufika ulwimi olubhaliweyo eRashiya kuye ngaphezu kwewaka leminyaka. Abaphandi kunye izazinzulu abavela kumazwe amaninzi baye bafunda njengendawo necacileyo, kwaye umzekelo zicacileyo zobugcisa bomlomo - iintsomi kunye nombhali. Abanye abantu basemzini bade ukufunda ngokukodwa ulwimi Russian, yaye akujongwa le ilula ehlabathini!

periodization

Ngokwemveli, imbali uncwadi Russian yahlulwe ixesha eziliqela. Ezinye zazo ixesha kakhulu elide. Ezinye - ngamafuphi ngakumbi. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Doliteraturny period

Phambi kokuba nokwamkelwa ubuKristu (Olga ngo-957, uVladimir ngo-988) eRashiya kwakungekho ulwimi olubhaliweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba oko kuyimfuneko, thina wasebenzisa isiGrike, isiLatini nesi-Hebrew. Ukuze ube ngqo ngakumbi, kwaba kwayo, ekucuthekeni ke kwamaxesha yobuhedeni, kodwa ngokohlobo ngodwi okanye amanxeba iintonga ngomthi okanye tags (ebizwa: ngeempawu, inqumla), kodwa imisebenzi zoncwadi phezu iye yasinda. Works (amabali, iingoma, epics - ikakhulu) ezosulela ngomlomo.

Old Russian

kwaqhutywa Eli xesha ukusuka 11 ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-17 - kakhulu ixesha elide. Imbali iincwadi Russian kwexesha elinikiweyo kuquka zonqulo nezehlabathi (historical) izicatshulwa eKiev, uze emva koko - Moscow Russia. imizekelo eqaphelekayo indalo zoncwadi: "The Life of Boris kunye Gleb", "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" (11-12 leminyaka), "Lala," "The Legend of Mamay", "Zadonshchina" - ichaza ixesha soxiniweyo, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

18 leminyaka

Eli xesha ababhali - "imfundo Russian". Isiseko imibongo bamandulo iprozi walala nabadali ezinkulu ezifana nootitshala, njengoko Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin kunye Karamzin. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wazo ezininzi kwaye kuphela ukuba omnye uncwadi, yaye ubonakalisa kwinzululwazi, kunye nezinye iintlobo zobugcisa. Ulwimi nokubhala kwelo xesha inzima kancinci ukuqonda, kuba isebenzisa iindlela eziphelelwe unyango. Kodwa ke loo nto siyeke ukuthatha imifanekiso kunye nezimvo ootitshala enkulu ngexesha lakhe. Ngoko Lomonosov wafuna rhoqo ukuze baguqule ulwimi iincwadi, ukuyenza ulwimi-bulumko nenzululwazi, wakhuthaza rapprochement phakathi kwezi ntlobo zolwimi kunye iintsomi loncwadi.

Imbali iincwadi Russian ngenkulungwane ye-19

Eli xesha kuncwadi Russian - i "age yegolide." Ngeli xesha, uncwadi, imbali, ulwimi Russian phezu kwibakala lehlabathi. Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa kubungqondi loHlaziyo ye Pushkin, nto leyo engafunwa eyaziswa kubomi bemihla ulwimi Russian zoncwadi, njengoko owoyamaniswe kuyo yokucinga. Griboyedov and Lermontov, Gogol kunye Turgenev, Tolstoy kunye yaseChekhov, Dostoevsky kunye nabanye ababhali abaninzi le yindawo yegolide. A lwemisebenzi yoncwadi eyilwe ngabo, wangena ngonaphakade ihlabathi yokuthetha art.

yobudala Silver

Eli xesha kunokuba ixesha elifutshane ixesha - kwiminyaka nje embalwa ukususela 1890 ukuya 1921. Kodwa kweli xesha elinzima iimfazwe neziphithiphithi, kukho nokugqama enamandla yesihobe Russian, kukho amalinge ngqindilili kwimizobo ngokubanzi. Blok and Bryusov, Gumilev kunye Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva kunye Mayakovsky, Yesenin kunye Gorky, Bunin kunye Kuprin - abameli kakhulu ezikrelekrele.

era eSoviet namaxesha mihla

Ukususela Ukuwa kweUSSR, 1991, labhalwa emva ekupheleni konyaka kwexesha eSoviet. Yaye ukususela ngowe-1991 ukuya kumhla langoku - ixesha yakutshanje, nto leyo eye sele unike imisebenzi emitsha kunye umdla iincwadi Russian, kodwa ngokucokisekileyo ngakumbi, mhlawumbi, uya kugweba inzala.