Yiyiphi imibuzo iphendulwe yi isimelabizo? imibuzo izimelabizo

Isimelabizo - inxalenye sentetho ulwimi Russian, apho ixesha elininzi ichithwa kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba isihloko olubanzi kakhulu, kunye nokutshintsha amagama asiyiyo umsebenzi kuphela izimelabizo. Kwaye kule sihlandlo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, wathi G. Pavskii "isimelabizo aluthathi ndawo igama, kodwa kuphela amacebo kunye neendawo kuyo."

Okwangoku ulwimi Russian phakathi izazinzulu malunga kokuzimela mxholo ulwimi Russian wahlukene. Abanye bathi kuye ngokupheleleyo nezizimeleyo, ngoxa abanye zihanjiswa ngokunxulumene kwezinye izigaba zentetho.

Kwaye nangona umba kuhlala impikiswano, umxholo esikolweni "Le isimelabizo" ukuvula kubantwana ezimeleyo ngentetho, okuhambelana kuphela ezinye iimpawu izibizo, izichazi kunye namanani.

definition

Esikolweni, abafundi bafumana kule nxalenye ulwimi Russian, wanika le nkcazo ilandelayo: "Le isimelabizo - yinxalenye elizimeleyo yokuthetha, leyo izakusetyenziswa endaweni yesibizo, iyabukeka, isihlomelo kunye nani kugqiba iimpawu iingongoma into eya into okanye isenzeko kuyahlukana amatyala ikhefu . ngamanye amazwi, ubonisa ukuba into, kodwa ukuba igama. isicelo ayanceda naliphi na ilungu. "

Umzekelo:

• I (isifundo) abafuna ukudanisa.
• Nguye (vavisa).
• Nikita - yam (inkcazo) unyana.
• Utitshala babembiza (Ukongeza) kwibhodi.
• (Igama elithi "hayi" njengenxalenye iimeko), konke oku kuya kuqhubeka ixesha elide kangakanani?

Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuqala bana phandle mibuzo iyaphendulwa isimelabizo. Impendulo yalo mbuzo ulula: yiyiphi indima yokuthetha ithatha indawo, imibuzo kunye neempendulo.

Ukufaka izibizo

Izimelabizo, izibizo ukuphendula imibuzo ezibizo.

nabo babe nobubele ehambisana kwisifundo apho zikhomba. Ngaphezu koko, le nto kunokuba zombini ziyaphila yaye engaphiliyo, abe isinye okanye yesininzi. Ukongeza, ezi izimelabizo, apho imiba "Ungubani?" yaye "ntoni?", inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke indlela apho kusetyenziswa nominative kwisivakalisi. Kwaye ukuba kukho uphawu lwe sifundo ngaphandle nokuzimisela kwakhe, iphendula umbuzo othi, "ngubani?" "Yintoni?" Xa iingxelo zomlomo kwaye kwincwadi ukuba zisebenzise oku kulandelayo indawo igama elithi "wena," "wena," "yena," "yena," "bona," "umntu", "into ethile", "umntu" okanye "into" .

Ukufaka izichazi

Izimelabizo, izichazi uphendule imibuzo yale nxalenye yokuthetha, esamkelwa kuyo zonke iimpawu zegrama. Njengomgaqo, kwisivakalisi athathelwa indawo amagama asetyenziswa ukuchaza nasiphi na isenzeko okanye into, "uhlobo", "umntu", "abaninzi", "akukho mntu", "akho", "lwam".

Umzekelo: "Iintyatyambo (kabani?)."

Njengoko kwakunye izimelabizo kunye iimpawu izibizo, izichazi, izimelabizo kunokuhluka isini, ityala kunye nenombolo uze uchaze izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo kwaye zonke iintlobo iziganeko.

Ukufaka neenyumerali

Lidla kwiingxelo kwezimelabizo indawo amanani. Kulo mzekelo, le nxalenye intetho uphendula lo mbuzo, "wobeka phi na?" Kwaye yalatha inani elingenammiselo "ninzi," "mbalwa," "abanye".

Umzekelo: ". A eninzi (? Njengoko) imipha ezinye (? Amaninzi) Of roses"

Ezi izimelabizo kwakhona ukutshintsha kumatyala, nto leyo yandisa uluhlu lwemibuzo apho ukwazi ukuphendula.

bizo sobuqu

I omaziyo lokuqala kunye noonyana le nxalenye yokuthetha iza ngazo yesibini eklasini, nto leyo unikwa isihloko eyahlukileyo izigaba zentetho, kwaye kubanjwe isifundo ulwimi Russian. Isimelabizo, njengokuba umthetho, abantwana amazwi "Mna" kwaye inkqubo yokufunda Dibanisa kuluhlu.

Ekubeni izimelabizo iimpawu zegrama aziyo iqela elinye malunga neendima syntactic kunye nexabiso labo yahlulwe ibe ziintanda eziliqela. Enye yezi zinto lobuqu okanye, njengoko ibizwa, isalathiso ngu:

• umntu 1 - "Mna", "size";
• Umntu 2 - "ukuba", "wena";
• Umntu wesithathu - "yena," "ukuba", "yena", "nto".

Kuyinto kule izimelabizo iphela kunye abazana yokuqala, kunye nezinye khupha abafundi bafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

izimelabizo njengazo "Mna" kunye "na", akukho isini lwegrama okanye yesininzi, ngokuthi "thina" kunye "na" zisetyenziswa ukuba lithetha "Mna omnye umntu" okanye "wena komnye umntu" . Ukuze ubone uhlobo ingqalelo kufuneka inikwe lowo ubonisa kuphawula umlobi.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kaninzi igama elithi "thina" lalisetyenziswa nxamnye indoda enye ngokunika komthendeleko intetho, kodwa ngoku lisetyenziswa kwi indida. Kodwa elithi "wena" kusekho njengendlela imbeko.

Izimelabizo umntu wesithathu zidla ngokobuqu-zokwalatha, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba uhlobo kudidi.

kubuka

kwikharityhulam yeBakala 4 iquka ukuqaliswa abantwana Russian kunye nokugxothwa izimelabizo, njengoko ukubuyela okanye shicilelo, izimelabizo. Abanalo naluphi na uhlobo, okanye inombolo, okanye ekwimo ityala nominative. Noko ke, isimelabizo ungqiyame kwi elithi "wena" uhlobo kwaye isetyenziswa kwisivakalisi xa besitya kuphela kwezi meko elibhalwe ngokumileyo. Ukuze ubone imibuzo iphendulwe isimelabizo olu didi, kufuneka lijongane netyala kwakhe.

esithi bunini

Eli qela, kwakunye izimelabizo zoqobo, yahlulelwe kwii abantu abathathu. Ngoko ke, amazwi zokuqala "am", "lwethu", owesibini -. "Bakho," "zakho, 'yaye umntu wesithathu sichazwa ngokuthi igama elithi' yakho ' iimpawu Morphological yale iqela ukuze babe kunye nesini, kunye nenombolo. Kwakhona Kholosa iimeko, "wam", "zakho" kunye "yakhe" nabavumayo ngokufanayo ukuya Isichazi "blue" kunye "lwethu", "bakho" - uhlobo elithi "abaphezulu".

Izimelabizo wesenzo yesininzi idla ngokuba iintlobo ezimbini iifom. Izibizo ziyaphila zisebenzisa igama elithi "lam", "akho", "akho", "lwethu", "nathi"; ngisho - "akho", "wam", "lwethu", "lwethu", "yakho".

Umzekelo: "Wabona izalamane zakhe wafumana incwadi yakhe.".

zokwalatha

kwikharityhulam yeBakala 4 angenela nabaqheleneyo kunye nabantwana kunye eli qela zezimelabizo "yena," "lo," "indawo," "ezifana", "njengoko", "kodwa", "ezifana", "uze." Onke la magama asetyenziswa ukubhekisela into, tag yayo okanye inani inani iinkcazo efanayo. Abaninzi kubo ungenza ingxelo lokukhuza. Umzekelo: "! A uhlobo unamaqhinga you"

Ukuqwalasela izimelabizo zokwalatha "yena" yaye "le", kulula ukubona ukuba nguwuphi na kubo isichazela kufutshane yaye into elikude okanye isiganeko. Relative ukuba iimpawu morphological kula magama ingasetyenziswa ngendlela nenombolo generic ezahlukeneyo.

Esithi "lo" okanye "ngamnye se" lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisela into senditshilo, iimpawu zayo okanye izinto. La mazwi kwakhona iintlobo isini kunye nenombolo kunye utshintsho kwimeko ezenziweyo ngokodidi yegama elithi "yaseTver".

izimelabizo zogxininiso-isalamane, elibi kwaye nanini

Imibuzo enjalo izimelabizo kwahluka ezininzi ngokwabo isimelabizo kwisenzo kwisivakalisi njengoko zogxininiso kunye isalamane mazwi: "ngubani", "yintoni", "ngubani", "yintoni", "kangakanani", "ogama". Umzekelo: "? Ngubani enkqonkqoza Ufuna ntoni"

iimpawu Morphological isimelabizo "ngubani," yaye "yintoni" kukuba awunayo naluphi na uhlobo okanye inombolo. "Ngubani" lisetyenziswa kulo mzekelo ngokuphathelele izinto ziyaphila, yaye "yintoni" - ezingaphiliyo. Declination igama elithi "ukuba ngubani" yaveliswa uhlobo lwamagama "ukuba" yaye "lo" yaye "ukuba" - uhlobo elithi "bonke". Ngokusekelwe utshintsho kumatyala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda oko mibuzo iyaphendulwa isimelabizo.

Ukususela eli qela izimelabizo ngokusebenzisa isimaphambili "non", nto leyo ibhalwe zwi, noko lilinye, isimaphambili "Koe" amasuntswana "into ethile", "-okanye", "ngenye imini" ukuba hyphenated, ezenziwa amanye amagama ukuba iklasi ncam. Oku izimelabizo ezifana "umntu", "into ethile", "into ethile," "umntu," "into ethile," "kwezinye," "umntu," "kwezinye," kunye nezinye iindibaniso efanayo yalo. Ezinye zazo nga umbonise ukuba iphile, abanye ngokohlobo isini kunye nenombolo. Esithi "enye" kusoloko kuphela nominative kwaye ungqiyame.

Ukususela iqela ekuthethwa, izimelabizo isalamane usebenzisa intshukumo kwisuntswana "hayi" kwaye "hayi" kumiswa elinye iqela, oko kuthiwa negative. Yiyiphi imibuzo isimelabizo lesi sigaba? Impendulo kufuneka ukuba kucace gca: umba kuxhomekeke kwimeko. Kodwa upelo na ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ixabisa. Ngoko ke, ukuba yamasuntswana elibi isimelabizo ayabiwa kuye ibhaxa, ilizwi ibhalwe kunye. Umzekelo: ". Akukho mntu ukuba ityala Akukho namnye kweza nto.".

Yaye ke uxinzelelo ekubonelelwe ngazo ezi zimelabizo nje kuphela intsingiselo yamagama, kodwa amasuntswana ekufuneka ukuba kusetyenziswa.

Ukuba isuntswana ezigxekayo abazahlulayo neyenkolo kubhaliwe kwathiwa ngokwahlukeneyo: "Akukho mntu", "akukho mntu," njalo-njalo.

izimelabizo attributive

Ngokusekelwe kwi ngentla, omnye akakho nzima ukuba athelekelele into imibuzo iphendulwe isimelabizo attributive umlinganiswa. Kuxhomekeke efanayo imibuzo kwamatyala. Iimpawu zezimelabizo declination ezifana "yena," "kakhulu," "konke," "zonke", "zonke" yaye "ezahlukeneyo 'ukuba kuphela umahluko neziphelo wesenzo vusa kakhulu kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo.