Staroslavyanizmy: iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa in Russian yanamhlanje

Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba staroslavyanizmy izifundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, owaphumelela enqabileyo khumbula ukubaluleka kwale kota. Yintoni ukuba uthini ngabantu abadala, isikolo-leyo kude ngasemva.

Yintoni staroslavyanizmy?

Iimpawu ze la magama ezixhaphakileyo ngokokude yaye musa qaphela thina. Staroslavyanizmy amagama abolekwe endala Slavic ulwimi, egqalwa uncwadi yokuqala nokuxubana yamandulo.

Kwakhona kwiincwadi zesikhokelo okanye Internet ukuhlangabezana kota ezifana tserkovnoslavyanizmy. Ngaphantsi kudla kwakuthetha efanayo naleyo phantsi staroslavyanizmy, kunye kuphela umahluko ukuba amagama abolekwe kulwimi Church Slavonic. Kucingwa omnye Old Church kamva.

Noko ke, igama elithi kunye nemiqondiso staroslavyanizmy ezi zikuyo yonke indawo kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Kusenokuba ibonakale, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, kodwa nawuphi na kuthi uthi waboleka elithi amaxesha ubuncinane kathathu ngemini. Kwaye ukubiza amagama awayesoloko ukuba sele akazange isaziso staroslavyanizmy.

Iimpawu amazwi anjalo

Ngoko ke musa ukuba indlela ophulaphula ngayo xa intetho kwabaneka efanayo? Kukho kwacaca iimpawu staroslavyanizmy ngolwimi Russian. iimpawu uphawu la amagama abolekiweyo kungabonwa njengoko ukufana isandi, naxa bebhala.

Ufundo ngakumbi kule sihloko kukuba kukho kakhulu indlela ukuchonga imisebenzi amagama afana staroslavyanizmy, iimpawu zazo zezi zilandelayo:

1. Ngokwefonetiki. Ukufana isandi, esi sigqibo ntshikilelo.
2. ILizwi-ukwakheka. A indlela ukulungiselela mazwi.
3. Lungelelanisa. Intsingiselo yamagama, umbala wabo yokuthetha kwimisebenzi yoncwadi.

Qala ukuphunyezwa staroslavyanizmy

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane 9 eRashiya kwindawo lolwimi saphawula diglossia. Eli gama lidla kubhidaniswe ezimbini, nangona zahluke kakhulu:

1. Ukuba ezimbini yenye ulwimi isetshenziswe zithathelwa indawo kwenye, nto leyo amagama ambalwa kuphela zisebenza.
2. Xa diglossia iilwimi ezimbini ezihlobeneyo enye, emenza abe uhlobo ngokuncedisana, ke yona ikhula ibe umnqamlezo version yokuqala. Disglossiya ulwimi sizinzile kwaye nobuhlala ixesha elide, njengoko kwakunjalo eRashiya.

Xa abenzi bemilingo sobuKristu diglossia kokuba saa ngokubanzi, kunye nolwimi Russian yinto yemihla ngemihla, kunye Church - ulwimi eliphezulu yoncwadi, ziyakubaluleka engcwele.

Yintoni elandelayo?

Kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-17 baqalisa ukuya kwi diglossia lwimi. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi Old Slavonic chu baqala ukuncipha kwaye buthathaka izikhundla zabo, kusale nje, azafunyanelwa ndawo kwimisebenzi yoncwadi.

It lwaqhutywa kwi inguqulelo "nendlu yakhe" ulwimi Russian Endala yeencwadi ezingcwele, yaye iincwadi "phezulu". Ngokuthe ngcembe staroslavyanizmy baseleyo komthunzi ulwimi Russian, eshiya ngasemva a lot of ngokoMthetho izikhumbuzo.

Kukangaphi zidibana amagama emboleko?

rhoqo. Nkqu usoloko uyakucinga.

igama Slavonic upasisiwe zale mihla kumazwe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ngokupheleleyo. Kuba amagama afana izidlele, amehlo, apile kunye nezinye lingaziwa kakhulu kuthi.
2. Partially. Apha imeko umdla ngakumbi, loo nto ayisoloko ukufumana ukuba ingaba eli gama ebolekiweyo. Ukuze ngokuyinxenye amazwi crosser ziquka: iinkolelo, imbalelwano, wasikelela, ubulumko, kunye nabanye.

Kaninzi indlela ukusebenzisa staroslavyanizmy kwintetho yakhe?

Ubuncinane kanye ngeveki. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba igama elithi "Sunday" nayo waboleka? Ngako oko, njengokuba elithi "Thixo", sele idlule ngokupheleleyo kulwimi yethu Church Slavonic lwesigodi.

Kwakhona, qaphela ukuba akusoloko amagama ngemiqondiso Slavonic, achukumisa ukunxibelelanisa ulwimi zoncwadi. Abaninzi kubo Awunayo nayiphi na imibala zesimbo, eyenza usebenziso lwabo zokuqhubela. Ngaba ucinga ukuba "impilo yoluntu" libhekisela isigama Church Slavonic, kwakunye 'aphile "?

Ukusetyenziswa amagama abolekiweyo ayikwazi engamelanga ithathwe njenge bomzi, njengoko abathile kubo ngolwimi Russian ekuqaleni kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha ziye isuntswana ulwimi. La mazwi abhekisele, umzekelo, i "elinqabileyo", "Belgrade" kunye nabanye.

staroslavyanizmy Okuninzi kaninzi ezisetyenziswa xa kubhalwa imisebenzi yobugcisa, ingakumbi isono le iimbongi. amagama enjalo nje ukwazi ukuba ndibhaptize umfundi umoya ezikhethekileyo, kodwa kwakhona ukunika isakhiwo isicengcelezo ekhethekileyo, ngokunjalo nokuphucula umbono yonke into ebhaliweyo.

Umzekelo, i "izidlele" njengoko lisetyenziswe kumbongo, ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuya kuzisa romance yamandulo chivalric, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi captivates iintliziyo yabafazi.

features Ngokwefonetiki staroslavyanizmy

Ngoko ke musa ukuba indlela ophulaphula ngayo staroslavyanizmy mkhombe? inokufumaneka Iimpawu la mazwi, ukuba ukhangela Slavonic (ngenye indlela - South Slavic) iindlela yokutshata amagama.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa phantse umbhalo elifanayo kaninzi kwenzeka divergence epheleleyo phakathi intsingiselo yamagama.

Ngokwefonetiki features tserkovnoslavyanizmy:

• Bona babe indibanisela samalunga ra / okanye Oro la / Olt olube ngumvuka amagama Slavonic. La mazwi asebenza: wavuka, abathethise, avuyisane - achache, emva, iinwele, ndiyakuthanda, ilifu-inshorensi, apholileyo, kunye nabanye.
• Kolimo samalunga babe D / le nto ezihambelana Russian (okanye East Slavic) EPE / kunzima / ukudla. Ezi ziquka: isigqubuthelo-umboniso, idayisi, phambili / elizayo, ubisi, njengamasi, peredachka azo kunye nabanye.
• Le alternation samalunga ra / La kunye Ro / Uyabona ekuqaleni kweli gama: ngesambuku, ivuthu-, ibali rook-esikhitshaneni, umahluko-ngemiyinge emincinci, ngokwahlukileyo, peer-to-baqhathe kunye nabanye.
• Izikhamiso / e / w / o / i / y ekuqaleni: yagnonochek, whacky, ulilolo, emabi, unique.
• Indibaniso iileta baqeqeshe, kunye siyafana Russian Well: ukonwabela, ukukhusela, ukohlwaya, wagwetyelwa, ningazi, ningazi, ngemihla, imihla ngemihla, kunye nabanye.
• Iileta w / pc / CC / h: iyadinga, eziphekuziweyo, toffee, futhi bangathandi abanye.

Iimpawu lungelelanisa staroslavyanizmy

iimpawu ezifanayo kufumana:

• Egqithisileyo "inkcubeko ethi 'amazwi, komthendeleko zabo. amagama ezinjalo kunzima ukusebenzisa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukubayinxalenye isihloko unqulo, ingakumbi ubuKristu.
• Ukuqala amagama ambaxa esebenzisa kaThixo / inzuzo / Sue / elungileyo / isizalo / ububi / omnye njalo njalo. La mazwi ziquka: yezenkolo, unqulo, iintsikelelo, wasikelela, ulwaphulo-mthetho, okungendawo, iinkolelo, umanyano, umanyano, kunye nabanye.

Iimpawu Derivational staroslavyanizmy

Njengoko izinto phonetic amagama afana staroslavyanizmy, iimpawu zemfundo zabo nayo ibalulekile. Iimpawu ezininzi uphawu ukubunjwa gama tserkovnoslavyanizmy ingqalelo ilandelayo morpheme wabo:

• Good njengezi pre / nge / kwi / ezantsi ukuba imbalelwano ngolwimi Russian (re / yi / cheres / kwi / umzuzwana). Phakathi amagama ezinjalo iquka: cross-mthetho-over kakhulu, pick-abanyulwa, hlisa-pimp-sinciphile kwaye njalo njalo.
• gorge Common / Yusch / Arg / ebhokisini (ahlangana Russian uch / Uche / Ah / iseli), nto leyo ke similise isici esasenza lwezibaluli. Ezi zezi: astringent ngoku ezantsi emathunjini,, ukuxoka, ukuxoka, kunye nabanye.
• Izimamva -zn, -TV / Twa -tay, -stvo / yoko, -yn / ynya: Iliwa, ikratshi, ukuvuna, ubomi, The Herald, umakhi, isifungo, intshukumo, ukuhlasela, kunye nabanye.
• isimamva -Tel: usomashishini osakhasayo, umqhubi, umakhi, lo moyisi, umthengi, njalo-njalo.

Ngoko ke, sifunda indlela yokubona staroslavyanizmy, uya kusoloko ukwazi ukuqonda xa usebenzisa kubo. Ngapha koko, omnye umbonile nje kube kanye njengokuba ngemihla intetho imiqathango nembali yamandulo, phambi athobeke ezimele emva ngethunzi amagama aqhelekileyo.