ZeGestalt - ntoni na? ZeGestalt Therapy: indlela

ZeGestalt - ntoni na? Ngoko ke umbuzo ngabantu abaninzi yanamhlanje, kodwa asinguye wonke umntu akwazi ukufumana impendulo efanelekileyo. Igama elithi "zeGestalt" livela German. Yaguqulelwa Russian, lithetha "isakhiwo", "umfanekiso", "uhlobo". Xa zengqondo, ingqiqo yaqaliswa psychoanalyst Frederikom Perlzom. Nguye owasungula unyango zeGestalt.

Isifundo Perlz waba wengqondo abaqhuba, ngoko yonke indlela lakhe ngokuyintloko isetyenziselwa unyango ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kuquka kwengqondo, nezifo, njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, oku yanwenwa "zeGestalt" indlela unyango. Yintoni na, kungekudala iisayikholojisti abanomdla kunye yengqondo ukusebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ezo ukuthandwa ezibanzi unyango zeGestalt kungenxa ubukho theory afanelekileyo noluqondakalayo, uluhlu olubanzi iindlela zomsebenzi kunye client okanye nomonde, kwakunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngobuchule.

The main inzuzo

Eyona engundoqo ke ukugqithisela inkulu - ukuba indlela epheleleyo umntu oxabisa izinto zakhe okanye ngokwasengqondweni, emzimbeni, emphefumlweni kunye nezentlalo. unyango zeGestalt kunokuba ukuba baqwalasele umbuzo Buyisela kunye kulandelayo: "Kutheni le nto isenzeka na umntu?": "? Yintoni ngoku uziva abantu nendlela asisenakutshintshwa". Zeetheraphisti ukusebenza kweli cala, ezama ukunikela ingqalelo yabantu phezu zokwazisa iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kuwo, "apha kwaye ngoku". Ngoko ke, lo umxhasi ufunda ukuba athathe uxanduva ubomi babo ngenxa yonke into eyenzeka kuyo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuba ngokwenza utshintsho ezinqwenelekayo.

Perls zeGestalt ngokwalo ingqalelo xa iyonke, ukutshatyalaliswa leyo ebangela iziqwenga. Form ithande ukuba ofanayo, kwaye ukuba akunjalo, umntu in an meko engagqitywanga, ofaka uxinzelelo phezu kwakhe. Xa abantu badla kulele zeGestalt engagqitywanga amaninzi ekulula kakhulu ukuba balahle, ngokwaneleyo ukubabona. Inzuzo enkulu kukuba akukho mfuneko lokuhlolisisa ezinzulwini zingqondweni, kwaye kufuneka nje ukuba bafunde ukubona ezicacileyo ukuze zibonwe.

Indlela zeGestalt isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko kunye ingqiqo njengabagcini, uxanduva, kokuvela ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nezakhiwo, uhlobo engagqitywanga, qhagamshelana, ulwazi, "apha kwaye ngoku".

Umgaqo ibalulekileyo

Man - a ukuba engundoqo kwaye singenakwaphulwa ukuya kulo naluphi na amacandelo, umzekelo, emzimbeni kunye psyche, okanye nomphefumlo nomzimba, njengoko ezi workarounds aliyi kuba nempembelelo entle ekuqondeni kwakhe ihlabathi lakhe wangaphakathi.

ZeGestalt Holistic iqulathe ngamnye kunye nendawo yayo okukufutshane kwi oku anikane nempembelelo kwabanye. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono lo mgaqo ungenza isicelo kwingcingane yonxulumano nabanye abantu. Inika ithuba lokuba ubone ngokucacileyo indlela nempembelelo uluntu ahlala phezu ngamnye. Noko ke, ukutshintsha ngokwayo, ichaphazela nabanye, neliya, babe ezahlukeneyo.

Neengqikelelo ezingundoqo le Moscow zeGestalt Institute, efana nabanye abaninzi, iqwalasela ingqikelelo "contact". Umntu emi into okanye umntu contact - kunye nezityalo, okusingqongileyo, abanye abantu, ulwazi, bioenergy kunye namasimi nasengqondweni.

Indawo apho umntu engena adibane kokusingqongileyo, ebizwa umda contact. Okukhona umntu avakalelwa ngayo nento ngakumbi evumayo kulungiswa umahluko umfowunelwa, kokukhona uya kuphumelela ekukhawulelaneni neemfuno zabo ukuphumeza iinjongo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo iinkalo abayinqobo iimpawu ezikhokelela uphazamiseko umsebenzi yomntu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwintsebenziswano. Perls zeGestalt unyango ijolise ukoyisa komgomo ezinjalo.

Umgaqo yendalo kunye nokonakaliswa nezakhiwo zeGestalt

Kunye nomgaqo kwendalo kunye nokonakaliswa kwezakhiwo zeGestalt kube lula sachaza ngehambo ngamnye. Ngamnye umntu onwabe kunye ubomi babo ngokweemfuno zabo, abunikelayo kuqala. izenzo zakhe zijoliswe ekwaneziseni iimfuno kunye nempumelelo ngeethagethi ezikhoyo.

Kuba nokuqonda ngcono, ungenza siqwalasele imizekelo embalwa. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ofuna ukuthenga indlu, ukonga imali yokuthenga oko, ukufumana ukhetho efanelekileyo kwaye uba umnini emakhayeni abo. Kwaye abo banqwenela ukuba nomntwana, olawula zonke iinzame zabo ukuphumeza le njongo. Xa ifikelele ezifunwayo (imfuneko anelisekile), zeGestalt uphela kunye kuwa.

Ingqiqo zeGestalt engagqitywanga

Kodwa kufikelela igqibeke (njengoko apha - ukutshatyalaliswa) hayi yonke zeGestalt. Kwenzeka ntoni abanye abantu yaye kutheni soloko zenza uhlobo olufanayo imeko engagqitywanga? Lo ngumbuzo iminyaka emininzi iingcali abanomdla kummandla kwingcingane zengqondo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba zeGestalt ayiphelelanga.

Professionals indawo bomsebenzi a zeGestalt Institute elithile, ayikwazanga kuphumelela ukunakana ukuba ubomi babantu abaninzi bakaThixo kwashiya kunye neemeko rhoqo qho boqobo ezimbi. Ngokomzekelo, umntu, nangona nje engamthandi ukuba kudlalwe, isoloko ingena kwiimeko ezinjalo, yaye lowo akukho ubomi abucala, kwakhona yaye kwakhona iza adibane nayo nabantu ezingeyomfuneko. "Ezinxaxhileyo" Loo ahlangene "image" ayiphelelanga, kwaye ingqondo yomntu akayi kuba nako ukufumana uxolo logama nje musa ukufikelela kwisigqibo lwabo esinengqondo.

Oko kukuthi, umntu ne "isakhiwo" ayiphelelanga, kwinqanaba ienjini, rhoqo ngokuzama ukudala imeko ezimbi engagqitywanga kuphela ukusombulula kuyo, yaye ekugqibeleni uvale lo mba. ZeGestalt therapist okwenziwe kudala le meko umxhasi wakhe ukunceda ukufumana indlela yokuphuma kuyo.

ukuqaphela

Enye ngcamango unyango zeGestalt ukuhlala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukwazi umntu onengqondo ngayo ihlabathi lakhe zangaphakathi nangaphandle awunayo ngokunxulumene kulo. Ukuqonda inxulumanisa zeGestalt bengqondo kunye ngokuba ekuthiwa imo "apha kwaye ngoku". Lubonakala kukuba umntu owenza zonke izenzo, sikhokelwa sezingqondweni kwaye eyingcathu, kwaye musani ukuphila ubomi ngomatshini, sithembele kuphela indlela isivuseleli-reaction, njengoko uphawu kwesilwanyana.

Uninzi ingxaki (ukuba yonke) kuvela ebomini bomntu ngenxa yokuba kukhokelwa engqondweni, abazi lutho. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, inqondo kunokuba umsebenzi othile, yaye abantu abahlala kuphela kubo, nkqu ukrokrela ukuba eneneni ngaphezu koko. Oku kukhokelela replacement lwesimo oyinyaniso ezikhona, ubungqondi kunye ababuxoki, kodwa kwakhona yokuba ubomi umntu ngamnye kuthatha kwihlabathi woyilo eyahlukileyo.

ZeGestalt zeetheraphisti kulo lonke ihlabathi, kuquka eMoscow zeGestalt Institute, ndiqinisekile ukuba isisisombululo ezininzi iingxaki, ukudideka, ukungaqondani neengxaki kufuneka umntu kuphela ukufikelela yokwazisa kwenziwayo ngaphakathi langaphandle. State kolwazi akuthethi ukuba abantu ukuba benze izinto ezimbi, singanikezeli zemimoya random iimvakalelo, kuba bayakwazi ukubona kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo kuba yintoni ngokwenene isoloko.

umthwalo

Lokuqonda koluntu bazalwa omnye umgangatho luncedo kuwo - uxanduva. inqanaba uxanduva ubomi bakho buxhomekeke kwinqanaba kukucaca ulwazi leyinene mntu. Umntu angasoloko shift uxanduva iintsilelo zabo neempazamo abanye, okanye amandla aphezulu, kodwa nabani na ongaphumeleliyo ukuthatha uxanduva ngokwabo, ngokwenza uvale enkulu endleleni lophuhliso ngamnye.

Abantu abaninzi musa uqhelene nale ingqiqo nje zeGestalt. Oko kukuthi, bayazi sele yokwamkela ngengqondo okanye wezifo zengqondo. Zeengcali ikhomba ngxaki kunye nokuphuhlisa indlela ukulungisa ngayo. Kungenxa yale unyango ubuchwepheshe zeGestalt na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka yayo zombini waboleka kwezi ntlobo Unyango njengoko uhlalutyo emide, unyango ubugcisa, psychodrama njalo njalo. Ngokutsho gestaltists, njengenxenye indlela yabo, ungasebenzisa nayiphi na indlela, ezisetyenziswa nokuqhubekeka yendalo yencoko "therapist-client" kwaye nokomeleza iinkqubo zokwazisa.

Umgaqo "apha kwaye ngoku '

Ngokutsho kwakhe, bonke ebaluleke ngokwenene kwenzeka ngelo xesha. Ingqondo okhokelela umntu elidlulileyo (iinkumbulo, ukuhlalutya iimeko yenzekile) okanye elizayo (amaphupha, neminqweno, ucwangciso), kodwa akavumi ukuba baphile langoku, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ubomi idlula. zeetheraphisti zeGestalt Sikhuthaza umxhasi ngamnye ukuze baphile "apha kwaye ngoku", ngaphandle ebuka kwihlabathi nolulahlekisayo. Wonke umsebenzi kule ndlela enxulumene kuqatshelwe mzuzu langoku.

Iintlobo ubuchule zeGestalt, kanye leyo

Bonke ubuchule unyango zeGestalt ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe "projective" yaye "incoko yababini." I yangaphambili zisetyenziswa ukusebenza ngamaphupha, imifanekiso, iingxoxo ngengqondo, njl

Le yokugqibela ibonisa umsebenzi onzima, apho kwenziwa therapist kwi elilujongano kunye umthengi. Ingcali iindlela umkhondo kophazamiseko yabantu, okusebenzayo ngokujika iimvakalelo zakho neemvakalelo kuloo ndawo akuyo, aze nazo ukuya kumda lwabafowunelwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ubuchule zeGestalt zombini iindidi zimanyene lo msebenzi, yaye umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwabo kunokwenzeka kuphela theory.

Inkqubo zeGestalt ngokuqhelekileyo luqala ulwamkelo ezifana kwisigqibo yokusebenza. Le icala luphawulwa yi kukuba ingcali kunye umxhasi - amahlakani bayalingana, nabokugqibela abaya kuba ngaphantsi noxanduva iziphumo zomsebenzi ngaphezu kuneyokuqala. Lo mba kanye kucacisiwe kule wokutyikitywa kwesivumelwano yeqonga. Ngelo xesha linye umxhasi kudala iinjongo zayo. Man, uxanduva rhoqo ukuphetshwa, kunzima kakhulu ukuba uyavumelana kwiimeko ezinjalo, yaye ngeli nqanaba kufuneka ingcaciso. Xa nqanaba ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi umntu uqala ukufunda ukuba noxanduva ngokwabo kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kuye.

"Isitulo Hot" yaye "isitulo engenanto"

Ubuchule "isihlalo ashushu" yenye yezona-waziwa kakuhle phakathi kwiitheraphisti, indawo bomsebenzi le Moscow zeGestalt Institute kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezininzi. Le ndlela zisetyenziselwa umsebenzi weqela. "Isihlalo Hot" ibhekisela kwindawo apho uhlala phantsi umntu, ezimisele ukuba uxelele abaphulaphuli malunga neengxaki zabo. Ekuhambeni kwe yokusebenzisana phakathi client kunye therapist kuphela, abanye qela ukuphulaphula cwaka, yaye kuphela ekupheleni kweseshoni, uthethe ababevakalelwa ngayo.

Ubuchule eziphambili zeGestalt kwakhona uthi "isitulo engenanto". Wasebenzisa ukusingatha ebalulekileyo abaxhasi oluntu, kunye nabo banokuba yababini, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyaphila ngalo mzuzu okanye sele bafa. Enye injongo i "esitulweni engenanto" i ingxoxo phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ubuntu. Oku kuyimfuneko xa umthengi iye yamelana ufakelo ovelisa ungquzulwano intrapersonal.

Ingqondo kunye inzuzo yokuhlola

ndlela yakhe yokuqala ebizwa zeGestalt Institute xi (ulwazi yokugxila). Kukho imiphakamo emithathu nokwazi - siyibambe yangaphakathi (iimvakalelo, njengokungathi emzimbeni), indalo yangaphandle (oko bona, ukuva), kwakunye neengcinga. Inoku engqondweni enye imigaqo eziphambili unyango zeGestalt, "apha kwaye ngoku", umxhasi uxelela yingcali ngokuqaphela kwakhe ngalo mzuzu. Umzekelo: "Ngoku ndiza ilele phezu kwesingqengqelo nkebe eluphahleni. Andikwazi uphumle. Intliziyo yam iyagquma kakhulu kunene. Ndiyazi ukuba ecaleni kwam therapist. " Le ndlela kuphucula imvakalelo oku kuyanceda ukuqonda indlela nokususwa kwabantu abakuso, kodwa iinkcukacha esibalulekileyo umsebenzi zokwazana nayo.

Enye indlela ephumelelayo inzuzo zovavanyo. Kubalulekile ukuba nkulu nayiphi maloosoznavaemyh amazwi abo ngamazwi non-ngomlomo. Umzekelo, kwimeko apho umthengi ngokwakhe engaqondanga, okudla uqala intetho yakhe ngala mazwi, "ewe, kodwa ..." i therapist zingakunikeza kuye indlela eya ukuqala kwisivakalisi ngasinye, uze loo mntu uyazi ukuba ingumona yakhe kunye nabanye kunye nomnqweno bashiye kusoloko igama lokugqibela .

Ukusebenza kunye polarities

Le yenye indlela, nto leyo edla babhenela unyango zeGestalt. Technology ushishino baye bafune ukuchonga izichasi ubuntu. Phakathi kwazo indawo ekhethekileyo kuhlala esebenza polarities.

Ngokomzekelo, umntu rhoqo ekungxolisa ngento yokuba yena akaboni ngokwakhe, wacebisa ukuba bazinikele bazithembe kwaye bazame ukunxibelelana nabantu ngeenxa zonke kuye kuloo ndawo. Akukho ngaphantsi luncedo ukuba ingxoxo phakathi ukungaqiniseki yakhe kunye nokuzithemba.

Umxhamli wayengazi ukuba ukucela njani ukuba uncedo, linikeza zeGestalt therapist kusebenza kumalungu eqela ngamanye amaxesha izicelo ngqiqweni kakhulu. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukwandisa indawo ukuqondwa ngamnye ngenxa yokuqukwa anokukwenza ngaphambili ingafikeleleki.

Ukusebenza ngamaphupho

Le ndlela isetyenziswa neetherapisti ndlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zeGestalt ubuchule original into ethile kuphela iimpawu zakhe. Apha, zonke iingxenye specialist ubuthongo iqwalasela ukuba ube yinxalenye yale lomntu, ngasinye apho umxhasi kufuneka ezichongiweyo. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba abele uqikelelo zabo, okanye ndahlukane retroflexion. Ukongeza, akukho mntu irhoxisiwe ukusetyenziswa umgaqo "apha kwaye ngoku 'kwimizobo.

Ngoko ke, izigulana ezo kufuneka uxelele therapist malunga iphupha lakhe, ngathi into eyenzekayo kwixesha langoku. Umzekelo: "Ndabaleka endleleni ehlathini. Ndingayifumana imo elungileyo kwaye ndiyakonwabela umzuzu ngamnye wachitha ehlathini, njalo njalo. " Kuyimfuneko ukuba client ochazwe iphupha lakhe, "apha kwaye ngoku", hayi nje kuphela egameni yayo kodwa egameni abanye abantu kunye nezinto ezikhoyo embonweni. Umzekelo "Mna okukhona siya ihlathi indlela. Kuba mna ngoku indoda ibaleka, njalo njalo. "

Ngenxa yayo waboleka namacebo unyango zeGestalt kunceda abantu ukuphelisa engaguqukiyo zokucinga zonke iintlobo iimaski, ukuseka ukuzithemba ukunxibelelana nabanye. indlela zeGestalt ithatha ufuzo akhawunti, abazifumene kwiminyaka yokuqala yamava yobomi, impembelelo yoluntu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ikhuthaza umntu ngamnye ukuba athathe uxanduva ngempilo yabo, ukuze yonke into eyenzeka kuyo.