Zendlovu - omkhulu ... imbali. Njengoko mammoths ezingelwa?

Zendlovu - imfihlakalo ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini ezehlela umdla abaphandi. Ziziphi ezi zilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, aphilayo yaye kutheni extinct? Yonke le imibuzo abanayo iimpendulo ngqo. Ezinye izazinzulu ityala lokufa kwabo abaninzi yindlala, okwesibini - umkhenkce ubudala, eyesithathu - abazingeli bamandulo siyitshabalalise neenkomo ziya kuxhelelwa inyama, iimfele kunye amabamba. Inguqulelo esemthethweni akunjalo.

Ngoobani aba mammoths

Indlovu Ancient sisilwanyana esincancisayo ukubayinxalenye usapho iindlovu. Iindidi eziphambili kufuneka ngobukhulu kunye parameters izihlobo zabo - iindlovu. ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima yabo ayidluli 900 kg, ukukhula akuthethi ukuya ngaphaya kangangeemitha ezi-2. Noko ke, kwakukho iintlobo ezininzi "elihloniphekileyo", ubunzima kwawo iitoni ezingama-13, ukuphakama - 6 yeemitha.

Ukususela elephants mammoths hlukile umntla bulkier, imilenze ezimfutshane neenwele ezinde. A osemqoka Uphawu - amabamba ezinkulu egosogoso, ezazisetyenziswa zizilwanyana ukuhlinza ukwemba baphuma phantsi inkunkuma yokutya ikhephu. Kwakhona waba imihlathi kunye nenani elikhulu dentinoemalevyh zizixwexwe ezazisetyenziswa nokuhlawulwa isintlakantlakiso ezinezikhondo.

ukubonakala

samathambo, esingaba omkhulu wamandulo, ufana isakhiwo indlovu Indiya, ohlala namhlanje ngeendlela ezininzi. Of umdla ezona ubude imiboko giant inokuba iimitha ukuya ku-4, ubunzima - up to 100 kg. Bathi ise kwemihlathi yangasentla, ukukhula phambili waguqa phezulu, "ukuqhuba ngeenxa" emacaleni.

Nomsila kunye neendlebe, ambathe ukucinezwelwa lukakayi, kuba yayimfutshane ngesithomo, umbala langoku beyibuza ngqo emnyama, wema phandle phezu elisemqolo umva. umboko enkulu injika- kwehlisa umva ngokusekelwe ezinzileyo iinyawo-nezibonda. Imilenze azizanga hornlike (obukhulu kakhulu) soleplate ufikelela ububanzi of 50 cm.

Iwulu omdaka ukukhanya okanye namona bulubhelu-mdaka, umsila, imilenze, libunile ezihonjiswe kunye namabala amnyama ebonakalayo. Uboya "wesambatho" aqukuqela phantsi emacaleni, oluphantse emhlabeni. "Iimpahla" izilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali wayenobubele kakhulu.

izinyo

Zendlovu - isilwanyana amazinyo sakhe esisodwa kuphela amandla phezulu, kodwa uluhlu ekhethekileyo imibala. Amathambo walala phantsi komhlaba amawaka aliqela iminyaka idlule ehlukene. Baye wazuza uluhlu olubanzi abangasekhoyo - ukusuka emhlophe purple. Mnyama ezenzeke ngenxa yohlobo, kwandisa ixabiso amazinyo.

Amabamba ezilwanyana nezityalo zakudala azizange abafezekileyo njengoko umpu elephant. Ke kulula okugaya, ngaphandle ngokwabo kunye neentanda. Ekukholelwa ukuba mammoths ngoncedo lwabo geni ukutya elilelakhe - amasetyana, amaxolo. Ngamanye amaxesha izilwanyana amazinyo 4 kwamiswa, izihlangu yesibini nangobungcibi bamashishini ocoliweyo, ngokufuthi ihlanganiswa ndoqo.

imibala yodwa yenza imiboko omkhulu ezifunwayo kwimveliso iibhokisi obutofotofo, iibhokisi zaso, chess. Zisetyenziswa xa ekudaleni imifanekiso isipho, izihombiso manenekazi ', izixhobo imali eninzi. ukuzala ezingezizo ezinemibala ezizodwa akwenzeki, yaye oku ezinxulumene yexabiso eliphezulu imveliso wadala ngokusekelwe amabamba omkhulu kakhulu. Kwezi, Kakade ke, kungekhona fake.

mammoths ngeentsuku zeveki

iminyaka 60 - umlinganiselo wokuphila yamaRefa angabemi amawaka emhlabeni kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Zendlovu - a isilwanyana herbivorous ukutya kwakhe kakhulu izityalo herbaceous, Namagatya enemithi, amatyholo ezincinane, Moss. yangosuku - malunga nama-250 kg zohlaza, enyanzela izilwanyana ku tirhisa ekutyeni malunga ne-18 iiyure ngosuku, rhoqo utshintshe dislocation bekhangela emadlelweni ezintsha.

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba mammoths babeqhelisela indlela abathanda abantu, bahlanganisana ngokwamaqela amancinane. iqela Standard yayiba 9-10 amalungu omdala lweentlobo, kukho kwakhona besebatsha. Njengoko umthetho, indima yinkokeli yomhlambi neTumim imazi endala.

Xa wayeneminyaka 10 izilwanyana yafikelela nokuvuthwa ngokwesondo. Iinkunzi kuvuthwa ngelo xesha washiya umhlambi koomama, ukufudukela kwenye ubukho enye.

yokuhlala

Uphando lwakutshanje kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba mammoths ukuvela eMhlabeni malunga 4.8 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, wanyamalala iminyaka malunga 4 amawaka kuphela eyadlulayo, hayi 9-10, njengoko kucingelwa ngaphambili. Ezi zilwanyana babehlala emazweni nakuMntla Melika, eYurophu, eAfrika naseAsia. Amathambo namarhamncwa amagorha, imizobo kunye eqingqiweyo, obonisa kubo, amaxesha amaninzi zifumaneka kwiindawo abemi bamandulo ye Stone Age.

Mammoths eRussia nabo zingasasazwa zininzi, ingakumbi iziphumo umdla odumileyo eSiberia. "Amangcwaba" Huge yezi zilwanyana afunyanwa kwi- New Siberian Islands. E Khanty-Mansiysk nkqu lesikhumbuzo imbeko yabo. Kwenzeka ukuba, kwimimandla esezantsi ye Lena River okokuqala (ngokusesikweni) iintsalela omkhulu kwafunyanwa.

Mammoths eRashiya, hayi kanye mandithi, iintsalela zazo zifumaneka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

Ubangelwa wokubhanga

Kude kube ngoku, imbali mammoths uye izikhewu ezinkulu. Ngokukodwa, kumayelana izizathu impilo yabo. Beka phambili ezahlukahlukeneyo iinguqulelo. hypothesis Original wacebisa Zhan Batist Lamark. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ekutshabalaleni olungagungqiyo eziphilayo akwenzeki, ethanda nje kolunye. Noko ke, inzala ezisemthethweni mammoths azikho okwangoku ezichongiweyo.

Zhorzh Kyuve bungayelelani umlingane wam, esola konogumbe ukufa ndlovu (okanye ezinye nezibangelwa zehlabathi ezenzeka ngexesha yokuduka abemi). Uthi ukuthi Umhlaba esoloko ijongana ngeentlekele zexesha elifutshane, exterminates ngokupheleleyo uhlobo oluthile.

Brocchi, Sgqemeza paleontologist evela eItali, uthi ixesha elithile yobukho sakhulula wonke ophilayo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Yokuduka yonke isazinzulu iintlobo ithelekisa kunye nokuguga ukufa kwamalungu omzimba, kunjalo, ngokwembono yakhe, yaye yaphela imbali obufihlakeleyo mammoths.

Ithiyori kakhulu ethandwa ixhaswa abaninzi kuluntu lwezenzululwazi - imozulu. Malunga 15-10 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo ngokunxulumene ukunyibilika i glacier indawo Umbala lasentla yaba kumgxobhozo, ezele ngamahlathi pine esemazantsi. Namakhambi ngaphambili uyayenza kwisiseko yokutya izilwanyana, ziye indawo moss kunye amasetyana, leyo, ngokutsho izazinzulu, iye yakhokelela ekubeni impilo yabo.

abazingeli bamandulo

mammoths Njengoko othathe abantu bokuqala - akukho ncam okwangoku. Loo lezingela baloo maxesha kudla otyholwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana ezinkulu. Bakhetha uguqulelo lwemveliso bathi, wadala evela ngamazinyo namafele, ezo zifumaneka rhoqo kwi iindawo zokupakisha abemi kumaxesha amandulo.

Noko ke, uphando namhlanje ukwenza le ngqikelelo vutshunguri. Ngokutsho kweminye izazinzulu, kuphela abantu wakhawula amalungu abaswele amandla, nabayimilwelwe lweentlobo, ngokungasingisi kuzingela sempilweni. Bogdanov, umdali ngokwasemisebenzini "Iimfihlelo le mpucuko ezilahlekileyo", ukhokela ingxoxo efanelekileyo nakwenzeka mammoths wokuzingela. Ukholelwa ukuba izixhobo ubephethwe nabemi bamandulo Umhlaba, imngene ulusu yezi zilwanyana nje akunakwenzeka.

Enye impikiswano strong - inyama stringy nzima, ngenkankulu ezifanelekileyo ukutya.

kwezalamane ezisondeleyo

Elefasprimigenius - yaba igama mammoths e Latin. Igama ibonisa ulwalamano lwabo olusondeleyo iindlovu, njengoko inguqulelo iyalila "elephant izibulo." Nokuba wavakalisa hypothesis ukuba omkhulu - na eliphuma eendlovu mihla, leyo zisisiphumo lohlengahlengiso yendaleko ukuba imozulu efudumeleyo.

Uphononongo zezazinzulu baseJamani, ngubani wathelekisa DNA ye mammoths kunye iindlovu, uthi indlovu Indian kunye ndlovu zizinto kwamasebe amabini livela yokuzalwa ovela indlovu Afrika ethile iminyaka kwezigidi ezithandathu. Le ukhokho lesi silwanyana, njengoko kuboniswa ezifunyaniswe kutshanje, waphila Emhlabeni malunga 7 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ukwenza inguqulelo unelungelo lokuba khona.

izinto eziphawulekayo

"Omkhulu Last" - isihloko apho linokukwenziwa ithole Dima, zendlovu iinyanga ezintandathu, ogama mathambo ukusebenza ngo-1977 Magadan. Malunga nama-40 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, usana wawa umkhenkce eyayibangela bomisa yakhe. Le yeyona ndlovu kakuhle walondoloza ukuba yafunyanwa ngama uluntu. Dima waba umthombo wenkcazelo esibalulekileyo abo benza izifundo eziphilayo.

eyaziwa ngokulinganayo omkhulu Adams, apho amathambo yokuqala epheleleyo, owawubona kuluntu. Kwathi emva ngo 1808, ukususela ikopi ibekwe kwi Museum of the Academy of Sciences. Nakhodka fanele ku Osip Shumahovu umzingeli owayehlala ukuqokelela amathambo omkhulu kakhulu.

Berezovsky Indlovu unalo ibali efanayo, naye waba lizingela wafumana imiboko elunxwemeni omnye yoMnayile eSiberia. Imiqathango bemba isidumbu wayengekho ncam elihle, utsalo lwaqhutywa kwiindawo. amathambo omkhulu walondoloza ziye isiseko amathambo elikhulu, iithishu athambileyo - into yokufunda. Ukufa afumanana isilwanyana engama-55.

Matilda, uhlobo ababhinqileyo kokubhalwa kwembali, bamfumana bonke abafundi. Iindawo kwenzeka ngo-1939, la mathambo elunxwemeni lomlambo Oesh.

imvuselelo kunokwenzeka

abaphandi Modern ayiyeki inzala izilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali ezifana mammoths. Ixabiso ezifunyanisiweyo ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali yesayensi nto ngaphezu, njengoko izizathu ezixhasayo ngasemva yonke imizamo nokuvuka kwayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuzama ekwenzeni izinto eziphilayo akazange ukunika iziphumo ezibambekayo. Oku olubangelwa kukungabikho umgangatho ofunekayo mbandela. Nangona kunjalo, uphando kule ndawo yaye musani ukucinga off. Okwangoku, oosonzululwazi bathembele iintsalela ababhinqileyo ezifumaneka kutshanje. Umzekelo ezixabisekileyo kuba wahlala igazi ulwelo.

Nangona ukusilela ngezakhi, icikidwa ukuba umfanekiso abemi yamandulo emhlabeni obuyiselwe ichanile kwakunye nemikhwa yakhe. Mammoths khangela kanye njengoko zibekiwe kumaphepha zezifundo. Into umdla - ezisondeleyo isixhaso lweentlobo bekubona ukuba ixesha lethu, ezonakala ngakumbi enza.