Zeziphi iindidi mvume lokuqhuba e Ukraine

Ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu eminyaka ukuzimela, iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba Ukrainian ukuba unenzondelelo utshintsho gqitha, kokubini ngembonakalo, xa kukho inani eliphunguliweyo lweendidi. Abantu abaninzi abathatha yokuqala ezandleni "amalungelo" isampula entsha, ekuqaleni elichithwe ukwahluka ngenxa. Enyanisweni, yonke into elula, sifanele ukuba uyiqonde.

Heritage kunye modernity

imithetho yendlela Ukraine ukuba ilifa emva eSoviet Union iwa. ESoviet Union yaba lilungu le-Geneva indibano yezizwe ngezizwe phantse nangoko emva ukusayina, ngo-1973.

Udidi mvume lokuqhuba ayitshintshanga de 1991. It ingohlobo yabo eqhelekileyo i "incwadi encinane 'yaye ilifa Ukraine sele nje geqe. kweminyaka emibini emva kokuba kwawa iSoviet belizwe zisetyenziswa-mvume, yaye ngowe-1993, abaqhubi yokuqala unethamsanqa yaqala ukufumana uqweqwe kwisiseko yeplastiki.

Iindidi wayeneminyaka emihlanu kuphela. A, B, C, D no E. Baya zingafumaneka kule SAI, wegqitha iimviwo. Isiqinisekiso ukuqhuba tramways, iitrektara, iitroli kunye nezinye izixhobo banikwa amaziko oqeqesho ezizodwa.

Ngo-2008, i-Verkhovna rada kwagqitywa ukuba uvisisanise imithetho yesizwe kwendlela eya European, ngoko kwakukho ezimbalwa iindidi ezintsha, iyileyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

A1

Udidi uqhuba uhlobo mvume "A1" eUkraine ezikhutshwe befuna ukulawula izithuthi enamavili amabini, umthamo we-injini elingagqithanga iisentimitha cubic amahlanu okanye amandla kilowatts kane.

Ukuqaliswa kwale amatsha eye wavumela gidi kubasebenzisi bendlela ezininzi. Isibakala sokuba ngezithuthuthu ngaphambili, ezincinci kunye nezinye efanayo akwazi ukulawula wonke umntu, akukho ubudala ezaneleyo okanye ulwazi lwemithetho yendlela. Oku ngenkuthalo isetyenziswa yi elivisayo. Inani iingozi ezindleleni likhule ngendlela eyothusayo. Emva kokuba ukuqaliswa didi kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa imeko ibe ngcono

A

Udidi uqhuba mvume udidi "A" eUkraine ezikhutshwe befuna ukulawula izithuthi enamavili amabini (okanye izithuthuthu kunye lakhelwe), injini umthamo ngeesentimitha ngaphezu amahlanu cubic okanye amandla kilowatts ngaphezulu kwe ezine.

Phantsi izithuthuthu kokuwa kwakhe, ngezithuthuthu kunye ngezithuthuthu ezinamandla.

Abanini leziqinisekiso ezifunyenwe phambi 2008, ukuthuthukisa ukuba uqweqwe mihla kunye oluzenzekelayo ubhaqo zombini "A" kwaye "A1" udidi ngaphandle kwesidingo lifake iimviwo zeprakhtikhali olongezelelweyo.

B1

mvume Category zokuqhuba kuhlobo "B1" ezikhutshwe Ukraine onqwenela ukusebenza ATVs, tricycles, umjikelo kunye nezinye izithuthi efanayo. Umahluko kuphela ukusuka 'B' njengesiqhelo usendleleni yokuba ubunzima imoto kufuneka ingadluli 400 kg.

Kwizitrato imizi emikhulu abanini lweso sixhobo ingafumaneka kunqabile kakhulu. Ezi yunithi zithandwa kakhulu emahlathini, emasimini, phezu ezindleleni.

the

Uhlobo idumileyo kwaye ethandwa-mvume lokuqhuba eUkraine, ezifana "B" unika ilungelo ukuqhuba izithuthi ukukhathaza ukuya iitoni emithathu enesiqingatha kunye nenani abakhweli ukuba, ngaphandle umqhubi, xa imali abantu abasibhozo.

Iwela phantsi kudidi inani elikhulu iimoto.

Abanini leziqinisekiso ezifunyenwe phambi 2008, ukuthuthukisa ukuba uqweqwe mihla, kunye oluzenzekelayo ubhaqo njengecandelo "B" yaye "B1" udidi ngaphandle kwesidingo lifake iimviwo zeprakhtikhali olongezelelweyo.

C1

Okulandelayo iya kuchazwa iindidi impahla amalungelo e Ukraine. Ukuchazwa iintsingiselo ezimbini: "C1" yaye "C".

Udidi lokuqala yenza ulawulo izithuthi ukusuka 3500 kg ukuya 7500 kg.

C

Udidi kwamalungelo kwiqela Ukraine "C" kukuvumela ukuba uphathe zonke izithuthi kwama 7,500 kg.

Oku kulapho abaninzi indida ezinkulu.

Kutheni akakwazi ukulawula iilori ezincinane, kunye kudidi kuphela "C", kwaye kufuneka ifunyanwe "C1", kuba ulawulo efanayo, igcina ingaziwa.

Abanini leziqinisekiso ezifunyenwe phambi 2008, ukuthuthukisa ukuba uqweqwe mihla, kunye oluzenzekelayo ubhaqo njengecandelo "C" yaye "C1" udidi ngaphandle kwesidingo lifake iimviwo zeprakhtikhali olongezelelweyo.

D1

Bamalungelo yale hlobo uyakwazi ukulawula izithuthi ibhasi kunye nenani lezihlalo ukuba abakhweli abangagqithanga kwishumi elinesithandathu. isigaba kunokuba ezinqabileyo Ukraine. nxantathu abenzi ukufaka kwindalo zabo kaninzi ngaphezu izihlalo ezisibhozo zabakhweli. I 'sprinter "kakhulu ethandwa izihlalo elinesibhozo.

D

Bamalungelo yale hlobo uyakwazi ukulawula izithuthi ibhasi kunye nenani lezihlalo zabakhweli ngaphezu kweeyunithi elinesithandathu.

YIBA, C1E, CE, D1E, DE

Abaqhubi kufuneka ukuba ukuvula udidi olongezelelweyo ekhoyo, ukuba uceba ithwele zalishumi phezu 750 kg ngokusebenzisa i erhuqwayo.

qualification yobudala

iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba kunye udidi evulekileyo "A" kwaye "A1" zingafumaneka ngomhla ka elinesithandathu. "B", "B1", "C" yaye "C1" - kunye kweminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo. «D» kunye «D1» - iminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye.

Ukuhlola

Ulwamkeleko lwamaphepha-mvume okuqhuba zatshintsha izandla amaxesha amaninzi kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo. Ngexesha ukuvela iindidi ezintsha bonke bephela ukuvula ngonaphakade. Kamva, amalungelo anikwe iminyaka mahlanu, ngoko mathathu.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i "imiba brown" omtsha phezu ipateni eyahlukileyo kancinane. "A" kwaye "A1" - minyaka imashumi mabini, zonke ezinye iindidi - ezilishumi.

Iindidi kwamalungelo kwi uvimba Ukraine

Ukususela ngo-2009, kudidi namalungelo itrektara silungiswe kakhulu. Okunye kubo kangangoko iziqwenga-7. Iindidi kwamalungelo kwi itrektara kumagama yangoku ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

A1 - unit amandla injini ukuya 73.5 kilowatts;

A2 - unit amandla injini phezu 73.5 kilowatts;

B - self-ngokwaso oomatshini kwezolimo;

izithuthi indlela esiqhutywa - C;

D1 - ukumbiwa, iemele kokuba ukuya kwiimitha ezine cubic;
D2 - excavator ukuba emele umthamo yeemitha phezu ezine cubic;
E1 - abaphatha ukuba injini ukubana esingaphantsi kwama-142 kW;
E2 - truck, ukuba umthamo ezingaphezu kwe-142 injini kW;
F1 - ibanga ubunzima iyonke ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-18;
F2 - ibanga ubunzima iyonke ngeetoni 18;
G1 - Oogandaganda, ngamandla injini yokuba 73.5 kilowatts;
G2 - Oogandaganda, ngamandla injini yokuba 73.5 kilowatts;
H - ezinye iimatshini ukuba ezingaqukwanga kwi ulwahlulohlulo ngasentla.