Ngoomatshini kunye esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zemveliso

Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo kwimveliso kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa yinkqubo apho imisebenzi ulawulo kunye nolawulo ezenziwa ngumntu yokunikezela izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Oku kwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza zabasebenzi kunye imveliso esemgangathweni. Ukongeza, inika lancipha inani labasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimimandla mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siqwalasele ngakumbi okwenza matshini kunye esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zokuvelisa.

ulwazi zembali

Ngokuzimeleyo ezisebenza izixhobo - AMAGQABAZA ▸ inkqubo oluzenzekelayo mihla - yaqala ukubonakala nkqu kumaxesha amandulo. Noko ke, kude kube ngenkulungwane ye-18 ukuba imisebenzi abasakhasayo kunye abasakhasayo ngokubanzi. Kule nkalo, i "self-ibamba" isixhobo esinjalo ayifumanekanga isicelo ngokoqobo. Kule 18 - 19 okuqala. kwakukho elibukhali imithamo jump kunye amanqanaba emveliso. I-revolution industrial wadala imiqathango ukuphuculwa kweendlela kunye nezixhobo, izixhobo zekhompyutha loo mntu esikhundleni.

Ngoomatshini kunye esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zemveliso

Iinguqu wazisa i-Industrial Revolution, ochaphazelekayo kakhulu iinkuni kunye nokulungiswa otyhidiweyo, ujikeleza, iifektri imicu. Ngoomatshini kunye esizisebenzelayo of iinkqubo zemveliso ziye ngokubanzi ufundwa Marx. Akubabona njenge ndlela ngokwesiseko entsha inkqubela. Wacaphula shift koomatshini ngamnye zokusebenzisa isakhiwo zabo. Marx wathi loo mntu kufuneka esisigxina imisebenzi zolawulo kunye nolawulo abazi. Umsebenzi umi ecaleni inkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye ilawula kuyo. Eyona engundoqo Impumelelo elo xesha laba fyabo Isazinzulu Russian Polzunova kunye IsiNgesi ngumsunguli Watt. Eyokuqala idala kolawulo oluzenzekelayo kwibhoyila amandla, kwaye eyesibini - a centrifugal umlawuli ngezantya injini. Ixesha elide umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni wahlala lulamile. Phambi kokuba kwaziswe esizisebenzelayo indawo yomsebenzi wezandla kwenziwa imishini kweenkqubo abangabancedani aphambili.

Imeko namhlanje

Ngelo langoku inqanaba lophuhliso inkqubo inkqubo esizisebenzelayo imveliso uluntu esekelwe ekusebenziseni iikhompyutha kunye software ezahlukeneyo. Banceda ukunciphisa iqondo yokubandakanyeka yabantu kwimisebenzi okanye ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo oko. Iinjongo esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zemveliso ibandakanya ekuphuculeni umgangatho imisebenzi, ukunciphisa ixesha ukuba kufuneka, ukunciphisa iindleko, ukwandisa nokuchaneka kunye nozinzo isenzo.

imigaqo

Namhlanje esizisebenzelayo iinkqubo zemveliso sele ziphunyezwe kwiindawo ezininzi kushishino. Enoba somxholo kunye nomthamo umsebenzi iinkampani, phantse nganye kuzo isebenzisa izixhobo zecomputer. Kukho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo matshini. Noko ke, ngokuba bonke bephela imigaqo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba abonelele ngezixhobo ukuba ukusebenza ngokukuko kwemisebenzi zize ziqulunqe imithetho yolawulo eqhelekileyo. Imithetho-siseko, ngokungqinelana ne apho matshini iinkqubo mveliso ziquka:

1. Nokuvumelana. Zonke izenzo sikhokelo msebenzi kufuneka kudityaniswe enye kwenye, ukuba ahambe kulandelelwano ethile. Kwimeko Ukungafani kungenzeka kukwaphula isantya inkqubo.
2. Integration. umsebenzi Automatable kufuneka abonela bume lweshishini lulonke. Kwezinye nqanaba lokuhlanganisa lwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa eyona yalo mgaqo akatshintshi. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo iinkqubo zemveliso kumashishini kufuneka anike intsebenziswano intsebenziswano kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle.
3. ukuzimela yokusebenza. operation Automatable kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuzimeleyo. inxaxheba kwabantu kuwo ungekho, okanye kufuneka ibe ncinci (ukulawula kuphela). Umqeshwa kufuneka angqamane ukuba yenziwa ngokuvumelana nomthetho.

Le migaqo icaciswe ngokungqinelana nenqanaba esizisebenzelayo yenkqubo. Ngokuba imisebenzi simisela ezongezelelweyo imigaqo phambili, ukulingana, ezikhethiweyo njalo njalo.

amazinga esizisebenzelayo

Zidla zihlelwa ngokungqinelana uhlobo lolawulo yenkampani. Ngoko, ke, ingaba:

1. Strategic.
2. Tactical.
3. Operational.

Ngako oko, akukho:

1. Umgangatho ophantsi esizisebenzelayo (ukwenza). Apha inkxalabo zolawulo rhoqo ngawo imicimbi engekenziwa. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo of inkqubo yokuvelisa owenza imisebenzi zokusebenza, ukugcinwa parameters amisiweyo, nokugcina iindlela zokusebenza acwangciswe ngaphambili.
2. Izinga Tactical. Kukho ibonelelwa ukwabiwa kwemisebenzi phakathi imisebenzi. Xa Imizekelo iquka ucwangciso imveliso kunye nokugcinwa, uxwebhu, okanye ulawulo lwezibonelelo kunye njalo njalo.
3. kwinqanaba Strategic. Wazithwala phandle ulawulo nkampani. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo neenkqubo zemveliso ngesigqibo qhinga inika imibuzo axelwe kwangaphambili nabaqiqayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine umsebenzi kwelona nqanaba liphezulu kwezolawulo. Lo ngumphakamo esizisebenzelayo libonelela nolawulo olucwangcisekileyo, ezingokwezimali nezoqoqosho.

ngezigaba

Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo inikwa ngokusebenzisa iintlobo kweenkqubo (OLAP, CRM, ERP njalo njalo.). Bonke bephela zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Lecebo. Kule nkqubo, ukulandelelana imiswe ngokungqinelana ne kuqwalaselo zekhompyutha okanye inkqubo nemiqathango. Yinto kutshintshwa ngexesha lokusebenza.
2. Ehlelwe. Bona banakho ukutshintsha ulandelelwano ngokuxhomekeke inkqubo yoqwalaselo kunye nenkqubo elinikiweyo. Ukhetho kwekhonkco lwamanyathelo wenziwe iseti ezikhethekileyo izixhobo. Bona ukufunda kwaye kutolikwa kwinkqubo.
3. Plug kwaye Dlala (bhetyebhetye). iinkqubo ezinjalo ungakhetha ukusebenza efunekayo kubhabho. imisebenzi uqwalaselo utshintsho kwenziwa ngokungqinelana ne ulwazi malunga nokusebenza yangoku.

Zonke ezi ntlobo enokuphenduleka ngexesha elinye ingasetyenziswa ngokwahlukileyo onke amanqanaba okanye iphakheji.

iintlobo zemisebenzi

Kwicandelo zonke loqoqosho kukho imibutho ukuvelisa iimveliso okanye ukunikezela iinkonzo. Bangakwazi zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokungqinelana "kwizikolo ezikude" kwezibonelelo kwikhonkco processing:

1. Mining okanye ukuvelisa - iinkampani yezolimo, i-oyile negesi, umzekelo.
2. Ukunenzela zendalo izinto ekrwada mbutho. Xa nokuveliswa kwemveliso ukuba usebenzisa imathiriyeli geni okanye ziinkampani ze kudidi lokuqala. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, ziquka elektroniki lweshishini, Ushishino lweemoto, izityalo amandla njalo njalo.
3. Iinkampani Service. Phakathi kwabo - imizi egcina imali,, amaziko emfundo zonyango, iinkampani okutya njalo njalo.

Kuba iqela ngalinye, ungakhetha imisebenzi enxulumene ubonelelo ngeenkonzo okanye imveliso imveliso. Ezi ziquka iinkqubo:

1. Management. Ezi nkqubo ukwenzela unxibelelwano phakathi inkampani kunye negalelo ekwakhiweni kobudlelwane yenkampani kunye nabachaphazelekayo ingeniso. Le yokugqibela, ingakumbi, iquka okugada abasemagunyeni, abaniki nkonzo, abaxhasi. Xa iqela inkqubo zoshishino iquka, umzekelo, urhwebo kunye neentengiso, intsebenziswano kunye nabathengi, imali, abasebenzi, ucwangciso lwemali kunye njalo njalo.
2. Uhlalutyo kunye nolawulo. Olu didi enxulumene ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe imisebenzi. Ngokukodwa, iinkqubo ezinjalo ziquka ulawulo zokusebenza, ulawulo olusemgangathweni, uvavanyo inventri njalo njalo.
3. Uyilo nophuhliso. Ezi imisebenzi ezinxulumene ukuqokelelwa nokulungisa data ekrwada, ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi, ukubeka esweni kunye nocazululo lweziphumo.
4. Production. Eli qela ibandakanya imisebenzi enxulumene nemveliso release ngoko nangoko. Ezi ziquka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ucwangciso ezifunekayo kunye nomthamo nolawulo, izinto zokusebenza kunye nenkonzo.

Inkoliso yezi nkqubo ngoku ezenzekelayo.

qhinga

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba matshini iinkqubo zemveliso unzima kwaye zitya nexesha. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo kufuneka ukuba ukukhokelwa-qhinga ethile. Oku kuphucula umgangatho imisebenzi kunye ingeniso ngemisebenzi iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo namhlanje esizisebenzelayo abanobuchule lweenkqubo imveliso obunjineli boomatshini. IsiCwangciso-qhinga ingashwankathelwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:

1. Ukuqonda lo msebenzi. Ukuze lo matshini iinkqubo imveliso obunjineli boomatshini okanye omnye enye kwicandelo loqoqosho uye yifuna, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya ngokupheleleyo zonke izigaba. Ngokukodwa, isigqibo igalelo kunye nokusebenza imveliso, ukulandelelana izenzo, ubume kwezibonelelo, unxibelelwano zokuqhagamshelwa njalo njalo.
2. lula inkqubo. Emva calulo olupheleleyo kuyimfuneko ukwandisa ukusebenza. izenzo ezingeyomfuneko ukuba azisebenzi okanye musa ukuba ixabiso ebalulekileyo, kufuneka lincitshiswe. Eminye imisebenzi inokudityaniswa okanye kwenziwe ngaxeshanye. Unako ukuphucula isenzo ngokunikela ngenye indlela ozakuphunyezwa ngayo.
3. Automating inkqubo. Oku kungenziwa kuphela xa loo msebenzi iya kuba yeyona sisothula. Iinkqubo ezilula iya kuba, loo matshini ngaphantsi abasebenzi-olunzulu iba, yaye, ngokunjalo, ngaphezulu uya kuba impumelelo yenkqubo.

buhle

Ngoomatshini kunye esizisebenzelayo kweenkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo kakhulu ukuphucula umgangatho weemveliso kunye nolawulo lwemveliso. Phakathi kwezinye izinto eziluncedo ukuze kuchazwe:

1. Kukukhawulezisa imisebenzi phinda. Ngokunciphisa iqondo inxaxheba yomntu enye kwaye intshukumo inye eyenziwa ngokukhawuleza. Iinkqubo automated ukunika ukuchana mkhulu yaye uyakwazi ukusebenza kungakhathaliseki ixesha shift.
2. Ukuphucula umgangatho womsebenzi. Ngokunciphisa iqondo yokubandakanyeka abantu wancipha into zabantu. Oku kakhulu amagunya ongenabuyambo imisebenzi, nto leyo ethintela ezininzi iimpazamo yaye kuphucula umgangatho kunye nozinzo lomsebenzi.
3. Ukwandisa ngokuchaneka yolawulo. Ukusebenzisa information technology ikuvumela ukugcina kunye nokuthathela ingqalelo kwixesha elizayo imali enkulu ulwazi malunga nokusebenza ngaphezu ulawulo manual.
4. Ngokukhawuleza izigqibo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kwaye uthintele nokusetyenziswa Ukungafani manqanaba alandelayo.
5. uphumezo Umfuziselo imisebenzi. Iinkqubo automated ukuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi ezininzi ngexesha elinye ngaphandle kokuqhatha ukuchaneka nomgangatho lomsebenzi. Oku ikhawulezisa ukusebenza yaye kuphucula umgangatho weziphumo.

ukushiyeka

Nangona kukho iinzuzo ezicacileyo of matshini kunokuba akusoloko kwenzeke. Kungenxa yoko le nto phambi nokuphunyezwa kwayo kufuna uhlalutyo olubanzi kunye kahle. Emva koko, akunakubakho ukuze matshini akufuneki okanye disadvantageous ngomqondo kwezoqoqosho. ulawulo Manual nokubulawa iinkqubo impahla kungaba luncedo kakhulu kwezi meko zilandelayo:

1. Imisebenzi intsonkothe kakhulu zokusebenzisa nabo ubuchwepheshe okanye ngokoqoqosho.
2. Umjikelo wobomi Product bufutshane kakhulu. Ukuba imveliso iza kuphuhliswa ze zimiliselwe okwexesha elifutshane, ixesha elide kwimarike kuya kuba phantsi. Kulo mzekelo, lo matshini ezingalungile. Umsebenzi manual iya kuba ngokukhawuleza yaye zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu.
3. iimveliso ezikhoyo eyodwa okanye ekhethekileyo. Kuba eyimveliso olu hlobo abekwe ezithile iparameters kunye neemfuno. Kulo mzekelo, ombane abantu banokuba nempembelelo entle kwinkqubo. Ezinye izinto unique nga kukhutshwa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi manual.
4. ijike kwemfuno emarikeni. Ukutshintsha umsebenzi Umxumi unefuthe imithamo yemveliso. Uhlengahlengiso lwemveliso kwiimeko ezinjalo, mhlawumbi ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimveliso enziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabasebenzi manual.

isiphelo

Ngoomatshini kunye esizisebenzelayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lemveliso. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje imisebenzi ezimbalwa yenziwa ngesandla. Noko ke, nanamhlanje kwezinye kumashishini akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle umsebenzi onjalo. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo ngakumbi ngempumelelo kumashishini amakhulu, apho iimveliso enziwa ukuba ubunzima abathengi. Umzekelo, kwi imoto mveliso benani labantu abathatha inxaxheba imisebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela bakholisa esweni inkqubela inkqubo, hayi abachaphazeleka ngqo kulo. yotshintsho yoshishino ngoku isebenza kakhulu. Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo kweenkqubo zoshishino kunye nemveliso ngoku ithathwa njengokuba ndlela iphumelelayo ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso ukwandisa umthamo iphumile.