Zingaphi abalinganiswa ulwimi Chinese? Inani kuyahlukana nedlela imeko

Chinese yenye lwimi midala ebhaliweyo ehlabathini. imbali yayo iya umva ubuncinane nge-3 amawaka. Iminyaka. Le mibhalo kuwo afunyanwa kwi amaxesha ufudo kweqokobhe Shang Dynasty (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Imbali yokubhala Chinese

igrama yaseTshayina kuneminyaka yaseSamariya okanye umYiputa, kodwa akukho bungqina bokuba fyabo lokubhala kwi China waba script kwavusa indlela kuMbindi Mpuma. Le mizekelo zokuqala abalinganiswa Chinese ukuba fortunetelling izicatshulwa emathanjeni kunye lukhule. Ziqulethe uluhlu umbuzo imboni kunye nempendulo. Oku kubhala ekuqaleni ibonisa ukuba ngemihla ekuqaleni wophuhliso lwawo, yayisekelwe pictograms. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "inkomo" zazibonisa kwentloko yaloo nkomo, yaye "yiya" - umfanekiso unyawo.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, Noko ke, ukubhala Chinese lenze iinguqulelo ezininzi, kwaye sele ngexesha le-Han Dynasty (206 BC -.... 220 AD), nto iye enkulu yemali descriptiveness yayo. abalinganiswa Modern akhiwa phezu III kunye IV kwiinkulungwane n. e. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kodwa emva koko ke phantse ayizange iguquke. Ukongeza iifom umgamgatho, zikhona yesandla embalwa. Eyona tsaoshu ziqhelekileyo ne Xingsheng. Uhlobo lokuqala kunzima kakhulu ukufunda kubantu abangenalo uqeqesho olulodwa. Xingsheng ungumlinganiswa onjani na isivumelwano phakathi ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye tsaoshu script eqhelekileyo. Le fomu lisetyenziswa nakwelaseTshayina kule mihla sikuyo.

Zingaphi abalinganiswa ulwimi Chinese?

Ukumela dictionary morpheme nganye, amaTshayina sebenzisa uphawu olunye eyahlukileyo. Uninzi abalinganiswa iinguqulelo izandi oluthethwayo ukuba anentsingiselo ebhaliweyo. Nangona inkqubo yokubhala lwaya ekuhambeni kwexesha ngenxa ukuvukelwa kuphazamiseka ezopolitiko, imigaqo yayo, kunye nabalinganiswa ihlale injalo.

Ngoko ke zingaphi abalinganiswa ngolwimi Chinese? Nangona inani labo kuqikelelwa kwi amashumi amawaka (umzekelo, isichazi-magama "Zhonghua tszyhay" iqulathe ngaphezulu kwama-85 amawaka. Logograms), inkoliso yabo ifumaneka kuphela nezembali azicaci okanye iindlela zokupela igama elifanayo. dictionary Large ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe amawaka. 40 Iimpawu ze ufunde maphephandaba kwanele ukuba ukwazi amawaka 2-3. Iisimboli.

Ngoko ke, impendulo yombuzo weempawu ezininzi kangakanani ngolwimi Chinese, kuxhomekeke into ayivayo. Ukuba usebenzisa indlela esetyenziswa eTshayina, inani labo lingaba ongenasiphelo, kwakunye nenani kunokwenzeka bzgranichno zokupela, ezinye neempazamo lomzobo.

Ngaphandle kokuba kukho iziyelelane ezininzi Chinese, ulwimi elibhaliweyo uhlobo olusetyenziswa kuqhagamshelwano. Nokuba abantu baqonde ukuba abahlali kwamanye amaphondo, bayakwazi 'ukuthetha' kunye ipensile nephepha. ukubhala chinese lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe iintlobo ezintathu: Lula, Traditional ne phonetic. Ngaphezu koko, kukho kwakhona iqela iphetshana lesicelo elibizwa ngokuba "Pinin", emele noshicilelo oonobumba Chinese Latin.

Chinese Alphabet

inkqubo yokubhala chinese akanayo oonobumba eyenziwa iisimboli ukuba ukudluliselwa units isandi, okanye phonemes. Endaweni yoko, ukuba yakhiwe iseti imiqondiso okanye iilogo, ezo iminqongo intsingiselo okanye morpheme (okt. E. Igama). Njengoko kulo naluphi na olunye ulwimi, ngesiTshayina kukho amawakawaka amagama. Ngoko ke, le ndlela yokubhala ifuna amawaka zeesimboli ukumela nganye morpheme yazo ekhethekileyo.

Xa ubhala amagama ezahlukeneyo usebenzisa i "oonobumba" ulwimi Chinese, eziquka 12 izinto ezisisiseko graphic. Abanye abalinganiswa ziqulathe enye kuphela okanye emibini imigca, ngoxa abanye ukuya ku 84. Nangona izikhewu phakathi abalinganiswa Chinese unganikezelwanga, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokubhala ngenkulungwane XIX iye kwidama ezinye iimpawu ezingundoqo zeziphumlisi. Hi xikombiso, le izangqa umngxuma eziphawula ukuphela izivakalisi, njengoko ikoma, isikhuzo kunye namanqaku umbuzo.

amagama Chinese, abalinganiswa ekuqaleni kuboniswe abantu, izilwanyana okanye izinto, kodwa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane baba ngakumbi isitayile kwaye akukho kuphinda efana oko abamele. Nangona zikhona ke ngeenxa 56 lamawaka, uninzi lwabo ayaziwa ukuba umfundi eqhelekileyo -. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi lokufunda 3,000 kuphela kubo. Mhlawumbi eli nani zikholeleke ukuphendula nje umbuzo, zingaphi abalinganiswa Chinese.

logograms lula

Ingxaki lokuqeqesha amawaka zabalinganiswa 1956 kwakhokelela ekubeni ukubhalwa weempawu Chinese sele lula. Ngenxa yoko, malunga 2,000 logograms kuba lula ukufunda nokubhala. Kananjalo Bafundisa Mandarin Chinese kwiiklasi amazwe. Ezi mpawu ke elula, ngamanye bade iielementi zegrafiki ngaphezu oluqhelekileyo.

abalinganiswa Simplified zikhona kumakhulu eminyaka, kodwa zaqukwa ngokusesikweni leempendulo kuphela emva kokusekwa PRC ngo-1950, ukwandisa lokufunda nokubhala yabemi. logograms Simplified isebenzisa iphephandaba ethandwayo ngemihla "Abantu Daily", ezithi zisetyenziswe kwindawo engezansi neevidiyo iindaba. Noko ke, abantu kakuhle kwathiwa, kungekhona ukuze nazi uguqulelo yemveli.

Le nkqubo umgangatho China (ngaphandle Hong Kong) kunye Singapore, kunye Chinese Traditional gqolo ukuba imilinganiselo Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Korea, Japan kunye namanye amazwe.

yokubhala phonetic

Ukuthetha isiCantonese wadala inkqubo yabo zeesimboli phonetic. Ezi mpawu asetyenziswa ukongeza oonobumba emveli ase-China, umzekelo, kwi amabali ahlekisayo okanye kumacandelo ukonwabisa amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini. Amaxesha amaninzi aba balinganiswa akafumaneki kwisichazi-magama. logograms okungekho sesikweni asetyenziswa ukudluliselwa Xicanton.

Pinyin

Kwiinzame ukwenza ulwimi Chinese icace gca kubo Western China yaqulunqa "Pinyin" system. Ukudlulisela la mazwi esebenzisa oonobumba Latin. Ngowe-1977, abasemagunyeni Chinese baye benza isicelo esisesikweni kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo amagama kwiindawo eengingqi e-China ngokusebenzisa inkqubo Pinyin. Pinyin isetyenziswa yi abo baqhelane oonobumba Latin kwaye efunda ukuthetha Chinese.