ZIS-154 - imoto zazingenela nge injini hybrid

December 8, 1946 kwavavanywa le ZIS-154 ibhasi ekhaya kuqala, nto leyo yaba Ubeko imoto. Yaye phawu yayo kuphela. Ibhasi entsha yaba lokuqala imoto eSoviet kunye powertrain hybrid. Oko ludweliso engaguqukiyo sele uphunyeziwe kuyo. It yangaphakathi omlilo injini wenkunkuma esijikeleziswa, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, wondla yi Iimoto zombane, ukudluliselwa torque ukuba amavili yokuqhuba.

Qala kanye AMAGQABAZA ▸

Umsebenzi kwi projekthi yaqala kwentwasahlobo 1946. Ngu NgoMeyi waloo nyaka, iibhasi ezizodwa KB ezaziququzelelwe VMS, leyo inxaxheba ekwakheni noomatshini entsha. Bureau waya AI Skerdzhiev. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isakhiwo ibhasi akadalwanga ukusuka ekuqaleni. AMAGQABAZA ▸ imodeli entsha baba American GMC kunye Mack. Kuyinto aba matshini waba kunye inqwelo-emzimbeni, eyenziwe aluminium ingxubevange, apho kamva kusetyenziswa kuyilo komzimba ZIS-154.

injini imoto entsha kwakhona akukho yokuqala. Push-ukutsala iyunithi amandla amandla iilitha 110. a. (Yaz-204D), kubaluleke kakhulu "pirated" ikopi US injini ye GMC. iibhasi eMoscow babemele bamkele ubulungu imoto entsha isikhumbuzo 800th kwekomkhulu USSR. Ngoko ke, hleze iimeko ezingalindelekanga ngexesha mbhiyozo isikhumbuzo, ngolokuqala ekhutshwe yi-45 "umzekelo" oogxa ZIS lwasekhaya powerplant indawo idiesel GMC-4-71, efunyenwe kule minyaka zemfazwe yi Amanyeneyo kwi uboleke-ingqesho.

Bus aluminium

Ekubeni ZIS wayengazange sivumele imoto umzimba monocoque bonke-metal, kwagqitywa ukubandakanya iingcali uyilo ibhasi Tushino moya mveliso. Ngenxa yoko le kusebenzisana lokuthwala umzimba CB ezimbini yadalwa, ngesakhiwo apho iseti amacandelo eziliqela ezifanayo omnye komnye, equka lezakhelo, intsimbi waphosa kunye profiles aluminium. Kwakhona uzinzo ZIS-154 bagqiba ukuba basebenze kunye nomzimba ebhasini MTB-82B kunye nokuhamba MTV-82. Umahluko ilele kuphela yokuba senziwa ongasithwaliyo ezi iindlela zothutho.

ibhasi Transmission

Iyunithi amandla ibekwe transversely kwi itulo ngasemva ebhasini, a esofeni-etekisini ezintlanu. Diesel Yaz-204 D eqhagamshelwe wenkunkuma amandla ngokubonelela ngoku ngqo enjinini, nto leyo balucanda ukujikeleza gimbal ukuya asi ngasemva. Ukutshintsha ulwalathiso (phambili kwaye umva) lwaqhutywa yi utshintsho ibekwe kufuphi ukuyilawula. Ukutshintshela wavunyelwa ukuba lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba isingxi epheleleyo ibhasi.

Ubukhulu iinzame muhle efunekayo ilungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, nto leyo transmission article plus zombane. Kulo mba, umsebenzi umqhubi lula kakhulu. Kokuphelisa imfuneko ukutshintsha amagiya, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye ukucudisa le enyovwayo clutch, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. Noko ke, le lula kufuna ichanekile yaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ulondolozo afanelekayo kwisityalo, leyo, Kakade ke, ngelo xesha kwakukho ingxaki enkulu ngenxa ezintsha kwenkqubo kunye nokungabikho leengcali bakwazi ukulungisa.

Ngaphezu koko, amandla zidluliselwe ukusuka injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi de ivili lufika ngokwandisa uguqulelo kabini kunye nelahleko enkulu ngobuchule. Oku kukhokelela amafutha ephakamileyo (iilitha-65 kwi-100 km). Kunjalo, izakhiwo ezintsha kunye nezakhiwo baya kuthotho. Ekuqaleni Julayi eMoscow wathabatha iibhasi zibe kwayo izithuthi zokuqala 7 kukhutshwa yi kwisityalo. A Septemba 7 Fleet wongeza omnye iiyunithi-25.

Ukuba uyakholiswa abakhweli

Ukwakhiwa abakhweli ibhasi ngokwemiqathango lula yajika kwagqama yimpumelelo. Ingaphakathi iyilwe abantu 60, phakathi kwabo - 34 yokuhlala. Seat ukunceda Khetha Umbala okanye eliphambili. Kuba ubusika ZIS-154 yafakwa kunye nenkqubo zokufudumeza elungileyo, nangenxa zasehlotyeni - umoya. Intuthuzelo ukufaka nokumiswa ethambileyo. Ibhasi ekhawulezayo kakuhle wachukumiseka ngokufanayo, ukuba kuthelekiswa imifuziselo yangaphambili ukuba nje imoto ummangaliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokusebenza ivunjululwe engxakini kakhulu, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekurhoxisweni yomatshini kwimveliso.

Ingxaki enkulu ibhasi entsha

yonke Ingxaki ZIS-154 yaba injini. Ukongeza kusetyenziso aphezulu amafutha, yaz-204D yaba umsindo kakhulu. Noko ke, uye mercilessly chadil zeemoto emnyama. Kodwa nkqu yaba esibi kunazo. Ngamaxesha athile ibhasi idizili, bathi, "wangena yokuxhela," oko kukuthi umfutho zabo angalawuleki linyuke. Ukuze ukuwumisa, umqhubi anqamka line fuel kuyimfuneko. Kwaye ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba injini yaba Ezomva kumatshini, ngokwenene yaba yingxaki enkulu.

"Ukwahlukana" liye laba sisibetho wokwenene ZIS-154. Kwanaphezu ibhasi ekhuselekileyo imiyalelo ukusebenza kumqhubi ukumisa ibhasi bayalelwa ukuba ngesandla wayaphula ngonyawo. ke kufuneka ke ngoko ukuba ucele umqhubi okanye abanye abakhweli kuqhubeka elekhtrons, yaye ukuya ngoko nangoko gumbi injini ukhulule umbhobho amafutha, ngokwenjenjalo ukuphazamisa unikezelo kukudla injectors injini. Ukusombulula le ngxaki kwi kwisityalo ayaba nako, kuba babengazi ncam ingcambu unobangela isenzeko.

Ngoko, kakade-1950, oko kukuthi iminyaka emithathu emva kokuba ekuqaleni lwemveliso, ukuveliswa uthotho le ZIS-154 yaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, ngelo xesha isityalo likhuphe 1165 "ummangaliso-bus ', ukusuka apho parks ibhasi zokususa yi ikhonkco okanye egobile. Kakade ke, lo ibhasi nangona i ezintsha ngexesha layo, kodwa Lilishwa kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yoko abangazange bafumane uphuhliso ngakumbi.