12V amandla unikezelo ngezandla zabo. PSU ekhaya: Scheme

iyunithi yemveliso 12V amandla unikezelo ngezandla zabo Akukho nzima, kodwa oku kufuneka ufunde theory ethile. Ngokukodwa, nayiphi na kwiindawo iquka kwibloko ukuze element ngayinye okuhambelana imveliso, engundoqo iparameters ngalinye. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa abaguquli. Ukuba akukho ezifanelekileyo, unako Ukutsibela ezizisekondari kwemicimbi yedwa ukuphumeza ombane kwisiqhamo esinqwenelekayo. Kuluncedo ukuba ufunde iindlela iibhodi zeesekethe eprintiweyo ngasekhohlo, ngokunjalo malunga nokuveliswa izindlu umbane.

Awona macandelo supply amandla

Eyona nto iphambili naluphi na ubonelelo igunya - kuba linyathelo-phantsi sombane. Ngoncedo yayo awukaziwa ombane nciphisa (220 V) ukuya ku-12 V. Izithinteli kuxoxwe ngezantsi zingasetyenziswa njenge okuzithandelayo kunye rewound sombane zasesekondari ngokubhijela wayigqiba impahla ngaphandle upgrading. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuba uthathe ingqalelo zonke iinkalo kwaye enze ubalo olululo candelo ucingo kunye nenani amagophe.

Into lesibini ngokubaluleka - a rectifier. Yenziwe lobuceducedu enye, ezimbini okanye ezine semiconductor. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo scheme, apho umbane uza zasekhaya. Umzekelo, ukuba ukuphunyezwa kabini ombane kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa semiconductor ezimbini. Ukolulwa ngaphandle ukwandisa omnye kuphela, kodwa kungcono ukuba usebenzise zeesekethe ibhulorho (bonke mpuluswa yama- current). Emva rectifier ngokuyimfuneko phambi capacitor electrolytic. Isethingi wacela diode zener enezinto parameters, oko kusenza ukuba enze ombane aphuma.

Yintoni transformer

Abaguquli, rectifiers zisetyenziswa ukuba ezi ziqendwana zilandelayo:

1. Le ezingundoqo (core magnetic ezenziwe ngentsimbi ferromagnetic).
2. inethiwekhi Obmotu (zaseprayimari). Powered by 220 volts.
3. A yesibini oyinkampani (downshift). Isetyenziswa ukudibanisa rectifier.

Ke zonke izinto zolwimi ngokunzulu. Oluphambili kusenokuba nayiphi na imilo, kodwa zixhaphakileyo W-okwe kunye U-ezimile. Ngaphantsi toroidal ngokufanayo, kodwa kufuneka Okukodwa ezahlukeneyo, ngokufuthi ezisetyenziswa inverters (inverters ombane, umzekelo, ukusuka volts 12 ukuya 220) kunokuba kwizixhobo ekulungiseni eqhelekileyo. 2A umbane unit 12B ikwaluncedo ukwenza kunye nokusetyenziswa sombane kokuba W-emile okanye core ezimile-U.

Ezi engathi zinokulungiswa zombini kwezinye (eziziiprayimari wokuqala, wesibini emva) nganye isakhelo esinye, kwaye jiko ezimbini. Ngokomzekelo, omnye sombane kunye engundoqo ezimilise-U apho kukho jiko ezimbini. Phezu kwabo wenza athe ngokubhijela engathi bethuna eziziprayimari nezizisekondari. Ngokuqhagamshela iterminal transformer lidibane kuthotho iyafuneka.

Indlela ukwenza ubalo sombane

Masithi ke wagqiba ekubeni umoya indlela yesibini kwayijikeleza le transformer ngokwakho. Ukuze wenze oku, kuya kufuneka bafunde ixabiso engundoqo parameters - ombane, nto leyo zisuswe ngokujika elinye. Le yindlela elula ukuba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ngexesha eyimveliso transformer. Nzima kakhulu ukuba ukubala zonke parameters, ukuba inxeba kufuna nje aphakamileyo, kodwa eyona jiko. Kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba iipropati candelo kunye permeability ngemagnethi. Ukuba ubalo block 12V 5A unikezelo lwamandla ngokwayo, le khetho ukufumana oluchanekileyo ngaphezu ukulungele ukuba ziziqhelanise parameters.

Primary esondweni liwe nzima ngaphezu lesibini, kuba kusenokuba ezimbalwa amathuba of wire ojingayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba lula le ngxaki kunye nokwenza umbane ekhaya ngokusebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo.

Ukubala icala zasesekondari, kuyimfuneko ukuba umoya babolekisane 10 wire, apho uceba ukusebenzisa. Qokelela transformer sebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko, qhagamshela ephambili jiko kwinethiwekhi. Swayipa ombane kulinganiswa yesibini kwayijikeleza zezigqibo ezifunyenwe ixabiso hlukanisa ngenani 12, 10. Ngoku yahlula ixabiso ezifunyenweyo. Kwaye ufumana inani amathuba afunekayo ukuvelisa volts-12. Ungadibanisa kancinci ukuze kubuyekezelwe ukuhla ombane (ukwandisa ngokwaneleyo kwi-10%).

Ama for Power Supply

Ukukhethwa ama semiconductor esetyenziswa kwi unikezelo rectifier amandla ixhomekeke apho ixabiso kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumane Ipharamitha transformer. , I ama ezinamandla ngakumbi kufuneka zisetyenziswe omkhulu amandla ngoku kwi Ikhoyili ezizisekondari. Kukhethwa loo malungu ezo enziwa ngokusekelwe lesilicon. Kodwa musa ukuthatha phezulu, njengoko zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ekulungiseni izixhobo. Zazo eziphambili njongo - umqondiso omkhulu-rhoqo ekufunyanweni kwi ukwamkelwa radio kunye nezixhobo yokudlulisela.

Isisombululo abalungele ezisezantsi-power umbane - kukusetyenziswa amaqoqo diode, amandla amandla 12V 5A ukuba abekwe iphakheji ezincinane kakhulu. Diode azinazo - iseti ilight ezine semiconductor. zisetyenziswa kuphela ukulungisa izindlu alternating current. Ukusebenza kubo zibelula, musa kufuneka enze eninzi kokufakelwa, kwanele ukuba ukusebenzisa ombane ezimbini Imveliso esuka nesiguquli ezizisekondari kwemicimbi kwaye ezisusa rhoqo.

lawulo ombane

Emva mveliso nesiguquli kufuneka ukuba enze ukulinganiswa ombane kule iterminal lesibini yayo jiko. Ukuba udlula volts-12, kuyimfuneko ukuba baqhube sinjalo. Nditsho unit 12V unikezelo elula igunya akayi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ixabiso ombane supply ezingazinzanga. Makanxibelelanise voltmeter ukuba lo walivala ithende udonga ukwenza imilinganiselo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, emva kwemini, oko ungatsiba ukuya ku-240 volts, kwaye ehla ngokuhlwa kude kuse 180. Konke kuxhomekeke umthwalo kumgca yamandla.

Ukuba eziziiprayimari jiko le ombane transformer itshintshiwe, iya kuba singazinzi kwi ezizisekondari. Ukuvala oku, kufuneka ukuba basebenzise izixhobo ekuthiwa ekwenzeni ombane. Kule meko kungenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa ilight zener kwixabiso iparameters efanelekileyo (current kunye ombane). Zener amisiweyo, achole izinto eziyimfuneko phambi kokuba enze 12V ugesi.

Kukho kwakhona kukhona izinto "advanced" (KR142EN12 type), zona iseti ode Zener ezininzi, kunye nezinto zezenzi. iimpawu zabo ngcono kakhulu. Kwakhona, akhona isasetyenziswa zangaphandle izixhobo ezinjalo. Kufuneka ube wena uyazazi ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba benze 12V amandla unikezelo ukhetha ngokwakho.

Iimpawu izinto amandla idaleka

Power kuyaliwa olu hlobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu computer. Baye yombane output ezimbini: 12 V - kuba drives ukutya yokumkisa volts 5 - kuba ukusebenza microprocessors kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ngokungafaniyo izinto ezilula amandla ngayo kukuba uphawu lwe output akwenzeki njalo, kodwa ukubetha - njengesilinda uxande. Ixesha lokuqala xesha umqondiso livela kwi yesibini ngayo ngu zero.

Kukho umahluko kwisekethe isixhobo. Kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo ubane umbane ekhaya kufuna ukulungisa le ombane mbane ngaphandle ukuthoba ixabiso layo (igalelo sombane intanethi). Sebenzisa nokutshintsha izinto amandla kunokuba izixhobo ezizimeleyo kunye olufanayo nabantu eziphuculweyo - iibhetri. Ngenxa yoko, umntu afumane bespereboynik elula, kwakunye namandla alo iya kuxhomekeka parameters yeyunithi amandla kunye nohlobo iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Indlela ukufumana unikezelo lwamandla kuphazamiseke?

Umbane kwanele ukudibanisa ibhetri ngaxeshanye, ukuze, xa umbane icinyiwe zonke izixhobo kuqhubeka ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Xa network unikezelo lwamandla elidityaniswe wenza ezibiza ze battery, lo mgaqo iyafana ukusebenza umbane isithuthi. Kwaye xa iyunithi umbane liqhawuke 12B ke luqhawulwe ukusuka unikezelo ombane womnatha kwenzeka kuzo zonke izixhobo ukusuka ibhetri.

Kodwa kukho amaxesha xa kufuneka ufumane imveliso ye-mbane lombane 220 volts, umzekelo, iikhompyutha namandla. Kule meko ifuna ukuqaliswa isekethe inverter - isixhobo ukuba uguqula DC lombane volts 12 ukuya AC 220. Le zeesekethe inzima ngakumbi kunobo unikezelo lwamandla elula, kodwa bangaqokelela.

Internet yaye clip icandelo nokuxuba

Indawo ebalulekileyo awayephantsi okucoca kwiteknoloji rectifier. Thatha ujongo kwi block 12V yesekethe umbane leyo ixhaphakileyo. Siqulathe ibhulorho diode, ukumelana capacitor. Amacebo okucoca angayinqumla yonke harmonics ezingeyomfuneko, eshiya unikezelo lwamandla kwimveliso DC ombane. Umzekelo, ukuba icebo lokucoca elula - yinto capacitor electrolytic kunye obunamandla. Ukuba ukhangela umsebenzi wakhe DC kunye AC ombane, kucacile ukuba umgaqo wayo msebenzi.

Kwimeko yangaphambili ukuba siyakwazi ukumelana ethile kwisekethe elingana ukuze kufakwe kunye resistor eliqingqiweyo. Ebonakalayo ukuze zokusonjululwa Kirchhoff theorem.

Kwimeko yesibini (xa ezitshintshisanayo uhamba) capacitor uba umqhubi. Ngamanye amazwi, unako ukufaka ibhulorho ukuba akanayo ukumelana. Iza ukudibanisa zombini iziphumo. Kuphononongo eneenkcukacha sikwazi ukubona ukuba icandelo bume kukushiya, ngenxa yokuba iziphumo ezo zivaliwe kwemali xa yangoku. Kuya kubakho ombane rhoqo kuphela. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokumpompoza ngokukhawuleza capacitors ndawonye unit 12B ngezandla zabo amandla kufuneka kwi ngomnyango ukuncedisana resistor kunye nokumelana ophezulu (3-5 MW).

kwezindlu Ukwenza

Kuba eyimveliso unikezelo lwamandla izindlu ezifanelekileyo engile aluminiyam neepleyiti. Okokuqala, kufuneka wenze uhlobo yesakhiwo skeleton, apho kamva kungenziwa wamambathisa ngeemakhishithi lealuminium shape efanelekileyo. ingasetyenziswa njengoko nesingxobo metal ukubhitya ukunciphisa ubunzima, ugesi. Ukuvelisa iyunithi 12B ngezandla zabo amandla kwezi zinto ezindala lula.

umzimba ifanelekileyo oven. Okokuqala, lo but is ibhityile ngokwaneleyo kunye nokukhanya. Okwesibini, ukuba uthe wenza into ngokucophelela, ipeyinti akayi zonakale, injalo imbonakalo iya kuba nomtsalane. Okwesithathu, ubungakanani ngombala microwave eziko mikhulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba phantse naluphi na emzimbeni.

Ukwenza ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo

Lungisa ngefoyile ye PCB yale nkqubo umaleko metal kunye nesisombululo zehydrochloric acid. Ukuba akukho hlobo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa i electrolyte engekabili ithiwa ibhetri isithuthi ngayo. Le nkqubo iza degrease umphezulu. Sebenzani iiglavu zerabha ukuphepha zidibene nesikhumba, kuba uyakwazi ukufumana ukutsha kakhulu. Emva koko, ahlambe emanzini kongezwe yesoda (isepha ukuze Nokwethisa le acid). Kwaye ungenza umzobo le PCB.

Yenza umfanekiso njengoko unako ngoncedo inkqubo ekhethekileyo yekhompyutha, okanye ngesandla. Ukuba nivelisa flow 12V unikezelo 2A amandla rhoqo, kunokuba ukubetha kwentliziyo, inani lweziqalelo ngu engephi. Ke indlela zeendawana ukuba ayiyomfuneko software for modeling, kufuneka emalifakwe phezu kwale kunye isiphawuli ngokusisigxina. Uyacetyiswa ukuba wenze maleko ezimbini okanye ezintathu, enika owomileyo yangaphambili. nemiphumo emihle ukunika isicelo ivanishi (umz, iinzipho). Liyinyaniso elokuba, lo mfanekiso kuphuma ezingalinganiyo ngenxa brush.

Njengentlawulo babhale

Izimasekile kunye nebhodi ezomisiweyo endaweni isisombululo chloride ferric. Weight kufuneka baziphathe ngendlela apho lobhedu ngokukhawuleza ube kunokwenzeka. Ukuba le nkqubo iyacotha, kucetyiswa ukuba andise ukufumaneka kwe chloride ferric emanzini. Ukuba oku akusebenzi, ngoko zama ukuba shushu isisombululo. Ngokuba lo hlobo itanki yamanzi, ubeke khona (Ungalibali ukuba kunqweneleka ukugcina plastiki okanye iglasi isingxobo) ingqayi nesisombululo nobushushu sibile. amanzi ashushu enokubilisa isisombululo chloride ferric.

Ukuba awunalo ixesha elininzi okanye chloride ferric, sebenzisa umxube wetyuwa kunye sulphate ubhedu. Ibhodi ilungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo, emva koko ibekwe isicombululo. Engxakini indlela - ibhodi umbane zikufake ngokucothayo kakhulu, uya kufuna phantse imini ukugqiba Ukunyamalala zonke yobhedu ukusuka kumphezulu PCB. Kodwa ngenxa yokuswela yokunqwenela okungcono, ungasebenzisa olu khetho.

izakhi Ayanda

Emva kokuba inkqubo ngasekhohlo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ngamanzi ibhodi, susa umaleko zikhusela kwingoma, ukuba degrease kubo. Phawula indawo zonke izinto, drill imigodi kuzo. akufunekanga ukuba isetyenziswe ngaphezulu kwe-1.2 mm drill bit. Faka onke amacandelo kunye solder ukuba emthondweni. Emva koku, zonke iingoma tin isiciko umaleko, t. E. Ukuze uzenze tinning. Block 12B wenza amandla ngezandla zabo tinning kumkhondo ufakelo iza kuhlala nani ixesha elide.