Abafundi isikhokelo esikoleni sokufundela: inkqubo, izihloko, iziganeko, iprofayili. noqeqesho orientation Professional

Ukhetho okukhethekile yenye imisebenzi ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe esemncinane. amalungiselelo ukhokelo vocational ukunceda isigqibo umba.

izibalo

Umntu okhetha elithile ekuthiwa optantom (kwigama lesiLatini optacio - "unyulo, umnqweno"). Ngenxa yokuba izenzo zakhe kufuneka ibe umfanekiso ngokwaneleyo ecacileyo sengqiqweni kuluntu yobungcali yena ngokwakhe uya kuthwala kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko iziphumo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo, abantwana eselula, umzekelo, kuyaziwa amakhono 20-25 kuphela. Kule meko, ukhokelo yezandla of ofikisayo kudla umlinganiswa ezahlukeneyo zendalo. Uphononongo lokukhuthazwa ukhetho kumsebenzi omnye okanye omnye kwabonisa ukuba indima ebalulekileyo kule bobabo kwabanye. Ngoko ke, malunga nama-25% abakhetha lo msebenzi uphantsi kweempembelelo self-kwezinye-17% lukhokelwa sisiCwangciso- icebiso abadala, 9% - ulwazi eendaba. Ukukhetha enye 9% ibangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezingabalulekanga (umzekelo, umgama encinane endlwini leyunivesithi). Kuphela 40% abafundi ekujoliswe kwisiqulatho yomsebenzi elizayo.

Ukungxamiseka ngxaki

Xa ukhetha kwezemfundo, umntu eselula ngokuqhelekileyo ukuthatha kuqala ingqalelo iimfuno zabo, utyekelo. Nangona kunjalo, oku engqondweni musa ukuthatha iimfuno neempawu ezifanelekileyo omnye okanye esinye isigaba umsebenzi. Ngokukodwa, oko akujongwa isakhono ngokwasengqondweni, iimpawu nokomzimba njalo njalo. Kubantwana abaninzi, imeko apho kufuneka wenze ukhetho olunjalo, kuba nzima. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba, kwelinye icala, kodwa kunzima elivisayo ukuthatha uxanduva ngezenzo zabo. Kwelinye icala, nje akayazi indlela yokwenza kakuhle, indlela yokwenza okukhethekile idibana ngokupheleleyo neenjongo kunye nomdla.

Ukubiza

Ngokuba ukhetho oluchanekileyo kuyimfuneko ukufunda okukhethekile kakhulu eqhelekileyo, ethandwayo. Ukongeza, kufuneka ukuba uqhelane kunye neemfuno ezisebenza abaviwa. Kubalulekile kwakhona ukuba esakho Okukodwa yabo ethile yokucinga, umlinganiswa, ubuntu kunye nenkqubo luvo. Ezi ziphumo kufuneka kuthelekiswa kunye neemfuno kwinkalo ethile yomsebenzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi ngaphambili aya kwenziwa isikhokelo vocational, impembelelo ekugcineni.

Yintoni elithile?

Kuyimfuneko ukuba inkampani kuphela (ngenxa nokwahlulwa yabasebenzi), ububanzi isicelo kwamagunya ngokomoya nangokwenyama womntu. Inika ithuba lokufumana inkxaso-ngobukho kunye nophuhliso. Profession imele iqela kwamabala ezinxulumene. Umzekelo, kukho borer Turners, Turners iinqwelo njalo njalo Ezi okukhethekile edityaniswe kwi iqela, ebizwa. "Sakujika msebenzi."

ngezigaba

Namhlanje, kukho amakhono ezininzi. Ukuze zokucebisa ngamakhondo omsebenzi abafundi uye waba luncedo abantwana, kufuneka achaze ngokucacileyo iinkalo amanyathelo olunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Classification yenziwa ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, oku zingasasazwa zezoshishino, inqanaba ubuchule, iimfuno ngokwasengqondweni, njl Ungakwazi ukucacisa indlela umdla, abapasa uvavanyo kwizifundo zeengcebiso ngemisebenzi enokulandelwa. Okwangoku, sisungule ezahlukeneyo checklists. Test for zeengcebiso ngemisebenzi enokulandelwa ukunceda ukuchonga ubuchule bomntu kwindawo ethile, ngumsebenzi ophambili kwinkalo ethile yomsebenzi. Kakhulu luqhelekileyo ukwahlulwa iintlobo yolwalamano phakathi kwabantu;

1. Nature.
2. Technology.
3. Man.
4. imifanekiso Artistic.
5. Zimpawu.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi nkalo kukho okukhethekile ezithile, ukusuka apho umntwana ungakhetha zifanelekileyo.

Man and Nature

Ukuba profile zeengcebiso ngemisebenzi enokulandelwa libonise ukuzibophelela umntwana kule ndawo yokusebenza, kungenzeka ukuba ukuphumelela kwizifundo ezifana eziphilayo, anatomy, ngezilwanyana, Botany, zomzimba. Uphawu lodidi ezikhethekileyo "ndoda-indalo" kuthathwa ukuba non-standard, eguqukayo kwaye ube nokuntsonkotha ethile. inguqu yabo ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho angaphakathi bume yendalo. Kule nkalo, ingqesho yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo zobungcali kule meko kufuneka ziquka ukuchongwa umsebenzi sesiqalo, inkululeko ekusombululeni imisebenzi ethile. Incutshe kulo mhlaba ukuba bangamazi kuphela lukhulu, kodwa kufuneka ukukwazi ukuba sizilindele abo okanye ezinye utshintsho. Apha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibalulekile zobuchule bokubhala, ukugadwa, ukukhuthala. Yingcali kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba uninzi utshintsho emzimbeni nga isiba mandundu.

Okukodwa yomsebenzi

nkongomiso Vocational yabafundi iqondo elithile abalungiselele nobunzima kunokwenzeka omnye okanye kwenye indawo. Umzekelo, ukuthetha malunga uhlobo olulodwa 'komntu-indalo ", kufuneka wathi uninzi lwabo enxulumene buciko. Umzekelo, abalimi bezityalo, zezolimo basebenzisa iintlobo lwezixhobo. izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ekhoyo nakumsebenzi of. Le meko ifana ne amakhono nemfuyo. Bona ke ngoku bonganyelwe yaguqulelwa qho mveliso. Njengenxalenye leqela, nobona inxaxheba ekusekweni ubudlelane nabanye. Ukongezelela, aye lokumba nezo accounting, ukuhlalutya iziphumo yezoqoqosho imisebenzi yayo. Ezinye amakhono zifuna izakhono zobugcisa. Umzekelo, oku okufana imisebenzi efana ngeentyatyambo, indawo.

into ebaluleke

Xa na imisebenzi ukhokelo vocational, abantwana kufuneka ubone iinkalo ezintle nje kuphela kodwa ezimbi kumsebenzi othile. Kubalulekile ukuba siqonde kwaye bazise zobuqu, ulwalamano lwabo lokwenene imisebenzi elizayo. Umzekelo, ukuba imisebenzi efana 'man-indalo "kubalulekile ukuba delimit uthando njengesiqhelo kokusingqongileyo ukusuka nomnqweno wokwenza oko kufuneka ukusombulula ingxaki, ukuphucula imeko inkqubo into ebalulekileyo. wena Xa ukhetha wobugcisa, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba ubume lweengcali - oku yindawo yokuphumla. Kusebenza kucweyo, apho uya kunika ixesha kunye namandla awo.

ulwalathiso lobuchule

Kukho ukusebenza abaqeqeshiweyo ezinxulumene kunye neendlela oomatshini, amandla ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oku kubaluleke efanelekileyo abantwana, baphumelele physics, imathematika, umzobo, Chemistry. ulwalathiso Technical kufuneka ajongwe ngokubanzi, kungekhona ukuze anciphise ukuba i "namadlala". Amakhono esinxulunyaniswa izinto non-zalo. Umzekelo, kusenokuba kukho izinto ekrwada ukutya, ilaphu, iplastiki, iimveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo. Le peculiarity iinjongo zomsebenzi kukuba zibe ngokuchanekileyo kulinganiswa, ebonakala ngeendlela ezininzi. Ngako oko, xa uhambisa, ukusetyenzwa, ukutshintsha ukusuka specialist uya kuthabatha amanyathelo athile.

Iimpawu kunye kwinqanaba lobuchule

zeengcebiso ngemisebenzi enokulandelwa ulutsha kufuneka sibonise ithuba omnye okanye omnye msebenzi. Umzekelo, ulwalathiso lobuchule - ke intsimi enkulu kwamamdla kunye ezintsha. Ngoko ke, ukuze uphumelele kule ngingqi phambi imoto ukuya yokulinganisa, ubuchule uyeke uqhagamshelwano kwaye uqhagamshele izinto nezinto zabo. Kulo mzekelo, awukwazi nje uzakhe izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto yabasebenzi, kodwa ubugcisa, iindlela imisebenzi. Enye imeko Kubalulekile ukuba impumelelo kulo mmandla bubukho ingqeqesho ophezulu.

Umda "oluntu-zabantu"

Elithile kule ndawo ezinxulumene nemfundo, uqeqesho, ubunkokheli, inkonzo. imisebenzi efana badla ukukhetha abo abantwana abaphumeleleyo kwizifundo ezifana uncwadi, imbali, inzululwazi kwezentlalo, njalo njalo. Olona phawu lungundoqo eli candelo kukuba kakuhle umsebenzi lo intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu. Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo kukuba uqeqesho ezimbini kufunwa yi ingcali:

1. Kufuneka bakwazi ukwakha nokugcina ubudlelwane nabantu, ukuba baqonde bengqondo yabo, ukubaqonda.
2. Kufuneka ukuba baqeqeshwe kwiinkalo ngeenkalo zobugcisa, ubugcisa, icandelo, ezenzululwazi kunye njalo njalo.

"Umntu kunye nenkqubo uphawu 'ekhethekileyo Category

Lo msebenzi sinxulumene ukusebenza kwedatha thaca ngohlobo ifomula, amanani, izicatshulwa. iindawo ebalulekileyo yehlabathi lanamhlanje zithathwa ezahlukeneyo kweenkqubo mqondiso. Namhlanje imihla ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa imizobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, iimephu, iitshathi, iitheyibhile, iimpawu moya, neefomula, njalo-njalo. Ukususela iingcali ababandakanyekayo entsimini lweenkqubo mqondiso, kufuna izakhono ezizodwa notyekelo. Kule nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ulawulo, ingxelo, inkcazelo processing. Ukususela iingcali kufuneke ukuba kuphuhliswe iinkqubo ezintsha imiqondiso.

Man kunye nomfanekiso obugcisa

Yonke imisebenzi kule ndawo ngokuqhelekileyo yahlulwe iindidi eziliqela. Indlela ezi ntlobo ngokwembali FUMANA ukumelwa yokuluka kweziganeko ngokwenene. Ngoko ke, ukubeka imisebenzi enxulumene:

1. Visual Arts.
2. Uncwadi.
3. Music.
4. Ibambela kunye nomsebenzi yeqonga.

Ezi ndidi azinayo imida ecacileyo, egcinwe intsebenziswano ethile. Njengoko omnye iimpawu amakhono kweli candelo izenzo ukuba uninzi Ukuxelenga abasebenzi ifihlakeleyo bangaphandle. Kwiimeko ezininzi, nkqu imigudu ekhethekileyo ukwenza isiphumo yokonwaba, lula ukusebenza. Umzekelo, ukusebenza nomdlali eqongeni kungathatha imizuzu emininzi. Kodwa ukuba kwenzeka, kuba yonke imihla iiyure eziliqela zokuphucula izakhono zakhe, izingeniso, kwimo sothotyelo.

inkqubo iingcebiso ngamakhondo omsebenzi abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo - ntoni na?

Njengoko sesitshilo ngasentla, namhlanje kukho iincwadi ezininzi kunye nezinto zoqeqesho abantwana kunye nabantu abadala. Ngelo xesha, ukufunda ayisoloko kuzisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Abantwana abaninzi baye nje kwasekwa kufumaniseka ngokucacileyo malunga amakhono kunye neendawo kunokwenzeka, kodwa, phezu koko, ukhetho ingxaki uya kufumana kuphela mandundu. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaziko emfundo zabanjwa Day Career. imisebenzi Extra-curricular abantwana echaza nkcukacha kobudlelwane zabasebenzi kule okanye kwinqanaba namhlanje akukho ngokwaneleyo kuphuhliswa. isikhokelo Vocational abafundi sisixhobo esinamandla nesebenzayo ukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki kubo. Injongo yawo ukuncedisa lokusekwa abantwana ezinzileyo imfuneko self-zophuhliso kwaye baphuhlise iitalente zabo kwinkalo yezabasebenzi. Xa ubabalo ukudalwa iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo yomntwana ngamnye njengoko omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo. isikhokelo Vocational ukuba abafundi kuvumela abantwana ukuba ukuchonga zawo neempawu, notyekelo, ukuthambekela nawuphi na umsebenzi.

izinto eziphambili

isikhokelo Vocational kwibakala 9 icebisa intshayelelo ngokwezigaba ukuya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi. Xa onesimilo sokwazi yeengcingane, imidlalo, imisebenzi yesakhono iphuhlise self-ulwazi abantwana. Ngexesha intsebenziswano kunye nootitshala abasenkonzweni kunye nezinye iingcali bakha amaxabiso inkqubo ezinzileyo. Abantwana baqala kukhombisa ikamva labo. Ezi imisebenzi ephambili eyenziwa yi-orientation abaqeqeshiweyo. 11 iklasi - ixesha xa abantwana kufutshane kakhulu umba ukhetho. Ngeli xesha, abaninzi kwabo sele babe ingcamango ecacileyo ngekamva wam, enze 'umfanekiso ogqibeleleyo "specialist.

isingeniso

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, ukulungiselela ukungeniswa nokuhanjiswa izinto enxulumene sphere yabasebenzi. Ibandakanya amanyathelo wokusungula zasemsebenzini, iindlela yokukhetha elithile. Abantwana baziswa kwiqhosha ingqiqo, iinkcazo, imithombo yolwazi malunga kwisigaba yabasebenzi elizayo.

main isigaba

isikhokelo Izihloko career ayikwazi kuncitshiswa kuphela nenkcazelo omnye okanye ezinye amakhono. Le nkqubo iquka:

1. Uphuhliso lwengqiqo kunye nezimvo ezinxulumene kwihlabathi lomsebenzi.
2. Yovulo of self-wokuziphucula, ukuba ndingubani.
3. Formation iziphiwo ukuchonga umgangatho ophambili omnye okanye abanye umsebenzi.
4. Development iingqiqo zemfundo ezizodwa.

icebo

Abafundi Vocational isikhokelo isikolo lubonisa ukuba ekupheleni konyaka, abantwana baya kufunda izakhono ezingundoqo zemfundo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka ukukwazi ukuba ukwazi uzithanda, ingakumbi ngokweemvakalelo volitional, umlinganiswa, ubuntu. Abafundi benza isicwangciso self-iliso, uphuhliso uya nokulawula iimvakalelo. Oku kuza kubavumela ukuba zenze ukukwazi ukwakha ubomi babo ngokwengqiqo yabo kunye nentando. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo ukhokelo eziphezulu yobugcisa kuquka familiarization kunye neemfuno zengqesho ethile, iimpawu emfundo, ubukho leyo eza kuvumela ukuba bagqwese kubuchule kwaye ukuphumelela athile intsimi yabo abanyulwa yengqesho. Xa Isigaba sesithathu imvume ezithile, ukufunda iinkcukacha iindlela kunye namathuba ukuze bafumane imfundo efanelekileyo.

Umxholo lwemisebenzi extra-curricular

zeengcebiso ngemisebenzi enokulandelwa high school kuquka intshayelelo kwingcingane kwabasebenzi kwindawo ethile. Oku kungenxa iimpawu komzimba kunye nobudala babantwana. Xa inkqubo familiarization kunye imiyalelo esisiseko umsebenzi abafundi ukufunxa kakuhle umsebenzi omnye okanye enye elithile. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana bayazi ukuba onjalo imbalelwano umntu efanayo lwekhondo yakhe elizayo.

base olumisiweyo

Abafundi Vocational isikhokelo yesikolo ibanjelwe isicwangciso, yaqulunqwa:

1. Regulations on the inkqubo yoqinisekiso karhulumente kunye nesiqinisekiso.
2. Federal uMthetho "Kwi Education".
3. Regulations Model phezu ukusekwa koqeqesho olongezelelweyo.

Ithathwe ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso ingqalelo Izikhokelo ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMfundo kunye Iimfuneko lomxholo ukufundiswa iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo. imfundo yabantwana.

amaCandelo icebo

Njengenxalenye yenkqubo iingcebiso ngamakhondo abantwana wacela ukufunda intsingiselo yala magama alandelayo:

1. Iimfuno, izisusa, iinjongo kunye ingqondo umsebenzi.
2. Ukungaphumeleli kunye impumelelo emsebenzini, amanqaku, kumgangatho wemfezeko.
3. Movement kunye izenzo zabantu, izakhono kunye nolwazi.
4. Imisebenzi, iinjongo zentlalo, ingakumbi abasebenzi.
5. Profession, iiklasi ezobuchwepheshe, iimpawu zabo nasengqondweni.

Abantwana lichaza iimpawu yonxibelelwano sikhokelo yengqesho. Ngaphezu koko wachaza iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni umsebenzi kwiimeko ezinzima. Xa ndiqukumbela, Kucingelwa UPawulos iziphumo zemisebenzi ezenziwa esikolweni, eshwankathela iziphumo, nto ukuba abantwana, abazali nootitshala.

Imigaqo aziwe

Yoqeqesho isikhokelo uqeqesho iziko lemfundo kufuneka kwabelwa igumbi elikhulu apho abantwana bakwazi ukufumana ulwazi kuphela. Ukongeza, le igumbi ukulungisa amathuba okuziphucula. Iziko lemfundo kufuneka ube nethala kwigumbi lokufundela, apho zonke iincwadi eziyimfuneko ukufumana kwizihloko umdla, ngokunjalo kwigumbi ikhompyutha, igumbi ukubukela iividiyo. wamema abantwana ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokuzithandela. Njengoko yokusebenza ibonisa, abo banqwenela ukuya kwiiklasi kwi career guidance ngokwaneleyo. Abantwana abahlobo babo kunye nabo, okhuthaza ezamahala unxibelelwano, ukuzinikela kunye nentsebenziswano.

Esi sicwangciso ilungiselelwe eyayinethombo engqinelanayo amanyathelo kwaye ufumane ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Le nkqubo ivumela abantwana ukuba bafunde imiba ebalulekileyo ekuhlaleni. Ingakumbi, befumana izakhono ubuchule isicelo, umsebenzi wophando. Abantwana bafunda iimpawu kunxibelelwano nabanye emsebenzini, ezichaphazela ngokwasengqondweni kumsebenzi othile. Ngenxa yoko, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo ukwandisa zexa zabo kwinkalo imisebenzi, bafumane ulwazi malunga amaziko emfundo esixeko okanye yesithili.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, a lot kuya kuxhomekeka kutitshala. Ngoko ke, kufuneka bakulungele ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi, ukuba bammise phambi kuye iimfuno ecacileyo engqinelanayo. umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukuba captivate abantwana, kuba imiphefumlo ukuqonda imisebenzi ehlabathini, ukuze ukuchonga iitalente zabo, ukuhlola oko ngokunxulumene omnye okanye kwenye elithile. imisebenzi extra-curricular ngendlela iya kuphonononga imihlaba yabasebenzi evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. ulwazi olunjalo luya kunceda abafundi isikolo ukuba bakhethe umsebenzi ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki, apho aya kuba nako ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ngokwabo.

isiphelo

umsebenzi iLabour kufuneka eze ulwaneliseko umntu. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uhlawulele imbono esengqiqweni ye kumgangatho amabango ukuba ukuthathelwa ingqalelo eluntwini. Ngamafutshane, musa ukubala kwi eninzi indumiso, ngaphezu ndoda ifanelwe iziphumo kanye imisebenzi yayo. Amaxesha amaninzi, abasebenzi abatsha sasibaxiwe izakhono zabo kunye nokuqondwa nezakhono. Oku kunganeziphumo kuchaphazela imisebenzi yabo elizayo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu kuphuhliswe ukumelwa olungenakufikeleleka amabango, utyhala ingcamango yokuba impumelelo enkulu emsebenzini ngenxa yezizathu efihliweyo kuye ngokwakhe. Onjalo umntu uqalisa ukucacisa ukungaphumeleli kwizenzo zabanye (Umona macala onke azinakuthintelwa, yokusebenza kade njalo njalo.). Ukwenzela ukuphepha iimeko ezinjalo kwisikhokelo lweenkqubo isikhokelo vocational zabantwana zichazwe onke amaqela ukuba omnye umsebenzi.

Xa ukhetha elithile, umntwana kufuneka ube ukulungele kuphumelela nje kuphela, kodwa iingxaki elijongene nayo. Umele ilifa izakhono, ubuchule, ulwazi, iimpawu ezifanelekileyo kwengqondo. Xa owaphumelela esiya kwiikholeji okanye amanye amaziko ezizodwa, kufuneka iqulunqwe umbono ocacileyo ngekamva labo. noqeqesho yokuqhelaniswa Professional ukunceda ukuba zilinganisa iziganeko ebomini bakhe. Indima ibalulekileyo kule nkqubo bobabo omdala. Umsebenzi inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ebomini bomntu ngaphandle abasebenzi. Le mpembelelo zinokubazezi vumelanayo.