Manganese ore: sam, imigodi. Oovimba lwe manganese ore ehlabathini

manganese ore - a izimbiwa ngezimbiwa. Ahluke ixabiso ezibalulekileyo kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho. Ezi ziquka izimbiwa ezifana Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite kunye nabanye. ores manganese afumaneka kuzo zonke amazwekazi (ukuba kuquka phaya kummandla we-Russian Federation).

isitokhwe umhlaba

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, manganese ore ifumaneka kumazwe 56. Inkoliso iidiphozithi e-Afrika (malunga 2/3). Iyonke oovimba manganese ore kweli hlabathi, izibalo kuphela, isixa iitoni ezingama-21 billion ukuya (iqinisekiswe bhiliyoni 5). Ngaphezu kwe-90% kuzo kwemali stratiform - iidipozithi ezinxulumene kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Okunye kunxulumene yemozulu kuqweqwe kolwandle imithombo.

95% ye kwezixa ziphethwe amazwe ali-11 - Ukraine, South Africa, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Russia, China, India ne Bulgaria. Nangona yokuba China umgangatho ore yendalo liphantsi kakhulu, China uthathwa njengenkokeli ekuveliseni i-ore kumazwe angaphandle. Ukongeza, inikeza ezininzi izimbiwa ezivela kwezi zinto yekrwada.

zocando lwemida

imveliso World of manganese ore socando ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-primary izinto ekrwada oxide lifakwa kuphela kwimimandla yonxweme apho udongwe kunye sandstones eqhelekileyo. Kude ngabeelwandle kunye neelwandle, ezo ore carbonate. Ezi ziquka calcium rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite kunye manganocalcite. Ezo manganese ore udibana kwiingingqi kunye neeflaski kunye clays. Olunye uhlobo iidipozithi - metamorphosed. Ezi ezimayini okufana India.

Le ore endala

Kwakunye neminye imithombo yezimbiwa, manganese ore ehlabathini kwasekwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kakhulu yophuhliso uqweqwe iplanethi yethu. Bavela kule Precambrian kunye Cenozoic ngexesha. Ezinye maqhuqhuva kumgangatho lwaselwandle esiyiqokelelayo unanamhla.

Enye quartzites zindala luthathwa intsimbi saseBrazil gondity Indiya, esavela lama Precambrian metallogenic namaqonga geosynclinal. Kweli xesha kwakukho Ghana manganese ore (sam nsutite-Dagvino) kunye noMzantsi Afrika (-kumzantsi mpuma Kalahari kwintlango). babelawula encinane Early Paleozoic Era ukho eUnited States, China kunye neRashiya empumalanga. deposit eTshayina likhulu ngeli xesha kuqwalaselwa Shanvutu kwiPhondo Hunan. manganese ore geni eRashiya ibekwe East Far (ezintabeni i Hinggan Njengomncinane) kunye Kuznetsky Alatau.

Ngasekupheleni Paleolithic and Cenozoic

manganese ore emva kwexesha era Paleozoic uphawu Central Kazakhstan, apho ukuba livelise iidiphozithi ezimbini eziphambili - Ushkatyn-W kunye Dzhezdinskoe. izimbiwa Key - hausmannite Brown, hematite, manganite, kunye psilomelane pyromorphite. mlilo kade Cretaceous kwaye സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe yabangela manganese ore kwingingqi kwelentshona ye-izimvu, neCaucasus, New Zealand kunye kunxweme North America. akuzange kubekho dipozithi inkulu eli thuba iGroote Island yafunyanwa ngo-1960. ku Australia.

I Cenozoic xesha ekhethekileyo isikali Ukhuliso lwe manganese ore ezantsi ka East European Platform (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura idiphozithi Nikopol pool). Emva koko manganese ore apho kunye namanye amazwe emhlabeni. E Bulgaria Obrochishte idipozithi kwakhiwa, yaye Gabon - Moanda. Bonke bephela luphawulwa isanti kunye nodongwe iidipozithi indawo. LeZimbiwa zikhona ngohlobo oolites, maqhuqhuva, izihloko kunye concretions banjalo. Kwabonakala omnye echibini manganese ore (phambene) kwisithuba emfundo ephakamileyo. Ibanga leekhilomitha 300. Lo maleko ekrwada umthamo manganese kweemitha 1 ukuya 3 ligubungela amathambeka esempuma phambene Iintaba.

iintlobo nsimbi

Kukho iindidi genetic abaliqela iidipozithi ekrwada manganese volcanogenic-ludaka, sedimentary, metamorphogenic kunye imo yezulu. Kwezi ntlobo ezine umi ngokucacileyo ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Sithetha malunga iidipozithi ludaka. ukuba bagxila 80% yazo zonke isitokhwe lwe manganese ore ehlabathini.

Uninzi iidipozithi ezinkulu-scale ziye eqalisiweyo ichweba eselunxwemeni-marine nezitya. Le Chiatura zam Georgian, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Bulgarian Obrochishte. Kwakhona, yisayizi enkulu kwahlukile Ukrainian Nikopol pool. emasimini ayo ore-sithwele Wasolula ecaleni imilambo Ingulets kunye Dnepr. izixeko ezikufuphi - Zaporozhye kunye Nikopol. Ichibi isiqwenga side of a ububanzi kweekhilomitha ezi-5 kwaye ingande ngeekhilomitha ezili-250 ubude. Plast - i pack ngodongwe sandy kunye lenses, concretions. manganese ore, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, ubuxoki kubunzulu leemitha 100.

iidipozithi zasemanzini mlilo

Manganese ore misela nje kuphela mhlaba kodwa kwamanzi. Benza njalo ikakhulu eUnited States naseJapan, ecingisisiweyo oovimba ezinkulu kwiindawo "owomileyo". yenzelwe Ngokuqhelekileyo kwamanzi manganese sam ekrwada yi kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezi-5.

Olunye uhlobo Iziseko - mlilo. Kuba ezi iidipozithi luphawulwa unxibelelwano ferruginous kunye carbonate nasemaweni. Izidumbu nsimbi adla ngokukhawuleza pinches phandle iilensi ephosakeleyo, umaleko kunye neelentile. Ziye ke yakhiwa carbonates, zentsimbi kunye manganese. Mandla izidumbu ekrwada uvela leemitha-1 ukuya kwi-10. Xa Uhlobo mlilo-sedimentary ezi iidipozithi of Kazakhstan neRashiya (Il-Niliyskoe kunye Primagnitogorskoe). Kubalulekile kwakhona nsimbi Salair Ridge (siliceous abomvu-ukubunjwa).

Yemozulu kuqweqwe metamorphogenic ore

Field yemozulu soma ngenxa yokubola lwe manganese ore. Iingcali nezaziwa zoqhaphelo efanayo neminqwazi. Ukwandisa le hlobo na Brazil, India, Venezuela, Australia, uMzantsi Afrika kunye Canada. Ezi ores ziquka psilomelane vernadite kunye pyrolusite. Bona akhiwa igcwala of rhodonite kunye rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

ores Metamorphogenic lasekwa ngo zoqhagamshelwano okanye metamorphism equlethe rocks zemimandla kunye ores ludaka manganese. Ngoko ke rhodonite kunye bustamite. Umzekelo iidipozithi ezinjalo - Karsakpay e Kazakhstan.

iidipozithi Russian ekrwada manganese

Urals - ummandla iqhosha ekrwada kwemigodi eKalagadi eRashiya. iidipozithi Industrial of ibhanti rock ekunokuthiwa iintlobo ezimbini: mlilo kunye ludaka. Le yokugqibela ibekwe neetyuwa Ordovician. Eli qela libandakanya Chuvalskaya iqela kummandla Perm. Kakhulu ngokungafaniyo idipozithi yakhe Parnoksky e Komi. Kwafunyaniswa ngo-1987 yi uhambo nokwakheka evela eVorkuta. Le idipozithi ise eentaba of the Polar Urals, 70 km ukusuka yaseInta. Le ukubunjwa ukwakweli umda phakathi shales kunye lekalika. Ekubalaseliswe inani lweenkalo indawo ephambili: Pachvozhsky, Magnetic, Far East.

Njengoko kwezinye iinkalo kulo hlobo entsimini Parnoksky kakhulu carbonate, kunye manganese oxidized nasemaweni. Bona lubonakala ngokuba cream okanye umbala omdaka yaye ubunjwe rhodonite kunye rhodochrosite. Inqanaba le manganese kuzo - malunga ne-24%.

ubutyebi Urals

Linge lingazekiyo Upper Chuvalskie iidipozithi ibekwe kwingingqi Perm. Amanqanaba aphezulu kummandla igcwala le kuzo kuphuhliswa brown and black yentsimbi-manganese ore. Kwi kwithambeka lasempumalanga phambene iidipozithi eziqhelekileyo lentlenga (ummandla Kipchak saseChelyabinsk, Akkerman e Orenburg). Development yaqala kwixesha lokugqibela kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic.

Km asixhenxe ukusuka elikomkhulu Bashkortostan, Ufa mzi, kukho imali Upper ludaka Ulu Telyak. manganese lekalika ibekwe apha ziyavela ukukhanya omdaka. Ngokomthetho le nto detrital emva kokutshatyalaliswa ores zaseprayimari. Le nto ndiyibhalayo vernadite, yikalikedo kunye psilomelane.

Kwingingqi Sverdlovsk zezi ludaka Paleogene iidipozithi. Apha kumi enkulu North-phambene sokuhlambela, uqhebeke ayi phantse 300. Uye le manganese ezininzi ore zolondolozo ezinkulu esiqinisekisiweyo kule ngingqi. Pool iquka emasimini elinesihlanu. I inkulu kubo - i-Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. amadama Local belele kwesanti, clays, emoyeni, silts kunye gravels.