Onomastics - isayensi ufunda amagama

Onomastics - eli gama a imvelaphi Greek. Iguqulwe ukusuka solwimi, kuthetha "igama". Asinto nzima ukuba baqashele ukuba onomastics njenge inzululwazi ukufunda amagama abantu babo. Kodwa hayi kuphela. linomdla amagama abantu, izilwanyana, iimpawu ngokweendawo. Ukongeza, kwindawo eyahlukileyo emalunga nenzululwazi limi onomastics bafunda amagama iintaba, imilambo, iindawo zokuhlala, kunye nezinye izinto. Ibizwa ngokuba toponymy.

Onomastics ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo

amagama eyiyo ngoku zifundwa abameli wenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo (zejografi, ababhali-mbali, ethnographers, iingcali zeelwimi, abahlalutyi zoncwadi, kwengqondo). Okokuqala, Noko ke, uphando kuyo izazi. Onomastics - a icandelo Ezolimi. It ufunda imvelaphi kunye utshintshwano kwamagama ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwabo ixesha elide lwemvelaphi ulwimi, okanye nge ngokuboleka ngabo kwezinye iilwimi. Nangona kunjalo onomastika - ingqiqo ukuze sibonwe kungekuphela nje inzululwazi. Ngengqiqo ayemxinwa, nto nje iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izibizo. Kungenjalo, zibizwa isigama onomastic.

Ingakumbi ukufunda amagama

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bomntu ithatha into efana amagama. Imizekelo yezi baninzi. Yokuba yonke into yenziwa ngabantu, kwakunye ezindawo, kubandakanywa emi ngaphandle iplanethi yethu. Imvelaphi yegama nako kuqwalaselwa entsonkothileyo - ngokwemiqathango ekuqiqeni etymology.

Ukufunda amagama efanelekileyo, ungabona ezichaphazela yokosulela labo kunye nolondolozo. Ngenxa yesi sifundo wabo umdla zenzululwazi. Imvelaphi yabo okanye amanye amagama ukuze kulityalwa, kwaye bona ngokwabo ukuze babe naluphi uxhulumaniso namanye amazwi ulwimi. Noko ke, igama elifanelekileyo, nkqu kulo mzekelo, ligcina ukubaluleka ekuhlaleni, oko kukuthi, nto yinto ebonakalisa ngokucacileyo le okanye kweso sifundo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, amagama izinze kakhulu. Badla kuba nafuthe othatha indawo ngolwimi utshintsho inguqu, kwaye nkqu yokuduka ulwimi nokutshintshwa kwayo ngomnye ingakhokeleli ukuyekwa lokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje ngolwimi Russian, kusekho izihloko ezifana UDon iVolga, apho akukho ixabiso kuyo. Noko ke, bamthwalela phandle uhlalutyo etymological, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba babe imvelaphi bamaSkitiya. Ezo zifundo zinika ithuba ukubuyisela umlinganiswa ulwimi, leyo ngethuba ekudalweni igama ukufumana iinkalo ezininzi ezinxulumene nayo.

Onomastics and History

Onomastics - inzululwazi, ngokubonelela inkonzo enkulu nembali. Emva koko, uqokelela kuba izinto ezibalulekileyo, enkosi apho zivela iindlela ezithile yokufuduka kwabantu senzeka. Ukongeza, onomastics - isayensi lifunda igalelo eyenziwe kwezizwe njengoko ekhoyo namhlanje, kwaye yanyamalala ekwakhiweni yehlabathi kunye nenkcubeko yesizwe. Ngokomzekelo, siphawula ukuba, bamthwalela phandle uhlalutyo imvelaphi amagama Russian izixeko (umzekelo, Vyshny Volochek), singakwazi Ukuthelekelela ubukho kwixesha elidlulileyo kweendlela zothutho.

Ukongeza, ukufunda amagama ezinto eendawo, ibekwe kwi East European Plain, ukuvumela ukuba uphi na ifuthe iye kwi ulwimi Russian inkcubeko bamaSkitiya. Bonke abo benza onomastics zembali. Ngoko ke, uphando yakhe igxininisa ngakumbi ekuchongeni iindawo zokuhlala kwabantu ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela yemfuduko ngaphambili.

onomastics Historical ibandakanyeka kwinkcazelo lwabafowunelwa cross-zenkcubeko ezazikho ngelo xesha elinye okanye omnye, kwaye ukufunda iilwimi zamandulo. Kudla ngokuthi kuphela uphando ngaphakathi sikhokelo le inzululwazi kugwetywa abantu wanyamalala kunye neelwimi. Nangona kunjalo onomastics - isayensi izifundo nje kuphela yonke le mibuzo. awo amaninzi, yaye ngoku siza kukuxelela ngezinye abanye.

onomastics enkondlo

Xa iincwadi namhlanje sele efunde kwezixhobo isifundo amagama ezibonisa iintlobo zobuchule kunye nezimbo creative. Kwanele ukukhankanya iseti 'ukuthetha' amagama, yaye amagama afana Chichikov Sobakevich, Skotinin. Bonke bephela zenzelwe ukuba zibonise uhlobo esetyenziswa kwi mveliso, ezichaza ngendlela ethile okanye iqhawe. Ngaphezu koko, sonke sithethe ubukho inkqubo lonke ngawo amagama akhekha zentlalo ezahlukeneyo umbala izimbo ezahlukeneyo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku umbandela, nenokuthi kuba sisiseko onomastics zesihobe kuphando akukho yaye ndawonye. Oku kusebenza kude kuse iingxelo ezininzi ngababhali kunye iimbongi lamagama yabo, nto leyo waphawulwa umsebenzi wayo kule nkalo. Kule nkalo, kakhulu ngaphambi inzululwazi ezifana onomastics. Amagama abalinganiswa zoncwadi kakhulu, ngoko ukujongana uphando kule ndawo kunokuba elide kakhulu. Yonke into ixhomekeke Siyithandile abaphandi.

toponymy

onomastics Science iye izalathiso ezininzi. Omnye wabo - amagama ndawo. Kule ndawo sifunda amagama ezinto eendawo (Red Sea, eRashiya, Nevsky Ithemba, Kiev, Kulikovo Field, Ichibi izimvu, i Iset River).

anthroponimics

Anthroponimics benza ngqo kwi uphando ngamagama lwawo (Ivan Kalita, Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin). Kweli cala, emida ngokwamagama eziphefumlelweyo kwaye ezithandwayo kunye neentlobo igama elifanayo: lemfundo kwaye dialectal, sesikweni kunye ngokusesikweni. Xa eziqaphelekayo ethile lonke uhlanga iye antroponimikonom yayo. Le nto ithetha irejista lamagama zobuqu.

Kosmonimika and zoonimika

Enye into enika umdla - kosmonimika. Kwisithuba sikhokelo, ngokuhlalutya amagama ezinto ezahlukeneyo isithuba, kwakunye nezigqeba ethile yasezulwini (Mercury, i inyanga, lidane ilanga, inkwenkwezi Sirius, umhlaba, nenomlanga Ceres, enomsila Halley kaThixo).

Zoonimika, njengoko mhlawumbi ugqibe libandakanywe amagama kunye namagama efanelekileyo izilwanyana (Buckingham, uArnold Besya, Britney, Murka, ibhola).

Hrematonimika

Hrematonimiku nabo banomdla egameni labo. Imizekelo oko kwinkalo yesifundo yayo baninzi. Hrematonimiku thwanga amagama ezivela izinto inkcubeko eziphathekayo (umpu "Humayun", i-Durandal ikrele, idayimani "Orlov"). Siyazi ukuba amagama adla ngokusetyenziswa ukubhekisela kumaqela ezemidlalo, amabala, amaqela ngamnye ( "umdlalo ukungafi", "Evergreen Party"), iiholide (Usuku komhlaba, wokuqala kaMeyi), iiyunithi zomkhosi, kwakunye amadabi ngamnye (Battle of Kulikovo, Borodino impi). Iinkampani bamele iimveliso okanye iinkonzo usebenzisa uphawu, nayo ngamagama abo. Ukongeza, hrematonimiku abanomdla izihloko zeencwadi, imisebenzi yobugcisa, imihobe ngamnye.

Eli candelo onomastics nje kuphela umdla wokufunda. Kumazwe Western, umzekelo, kukho ngokufuthi neenkqubo ezisemthethweni eziquka ukusetyenziswa igama lophawu, ngathi igama lomnye, bale nkampani, nto leyo yenza imveliso ezikhuphisanayo. Isigqibo sokuba ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba siqwalasele amagama afana ezifana, zikwazi ukuthathwa kuphela ukusetyenziswa uhlalutyo zenzululwazi.

Karabonimika

Karabonimika benza isifundo lwamagama ngendlela eyiyo izikhephe, iinqanawa kunye neempahla ( "Varyag", "Aurora", "Inkumbulo Mercury", "Borodino"). Qaphela ukuba sisazinzulu elithi ecetywayo Russian Aleksushin endaweni yamagama 'karonimika "yaye" nautonimika ", ezazisetyenziswa ngaphambili.

Ergonimika

Ergonimika benza uphando iintlobo ezahlukeneyo imibutho zoshishino zabantu. Umzekelo, firmonimy - amagama mveliso kunye emporonimy - amagama amagama yeevenkile. Ergonimiku unomdla amagama cafes, bars, imibutho yabasebenzi, imibutho snooker, zokulungisa iinwele kunye nabanye.

Pragmonimika

Pragmonimika - oku indlela apho sifunda amagama iindidi zemveliso. Parfyunonimy, umzekelo, igama amakha, amakha (ULauren, Chanel), chokonimy jonga igama iimveliso chocolate ( "Blizzard", "Kara-Kum").

Teonimika

Teonimika bafunda amagama oothixo, oomoya, iidemon, abalinganiswa, iintsomi kunye iintsomi. Ibonisa indlela amagama baba izibizo eziqhelekileyo - amagama omlilo, umoya, iindudumo, imibane kunye nezinye ngezimanga zendalo.

Imibuzo onomastiki umdla kakhulu, akunjalo? Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amacandelo esi nesayensi ezinxulumene ngqo ukuziqhelanisa. Onomastics ke ngeke kuqwalaselwa kuphela ikuba izazinzulu "eccentrics". Igama efanelekileyo (eminye imizekelo siye sikunike) ufunda isayensi zinxulumene kakhulu ebomini bethu.