Abalinganiswa kunye Classification iinkqubo zangaphandle. Iziphumo zeenkqubo angaphandle. Ubudlelwane kweenkqubo zemveli kunye zithe zadala zejoloji

Kuyo ubukho ngaphantsi komhlaba esoloko itshintsha. Le nkqubo iyaqhubeka namhlanje. Yena kade kwaye imperceptible ebantwini izizukulwana ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi utshintshwano ekugqibeleni ngokwesiseko ukutshintsha imbonakalo Yomhlaba. iinkqubo ezinjalo yahlulwe zithe zadala (lwangaphandle) kwaye iqala (ngaphakathi).

ngezigaba

iinkqubo zithe zadala - isiphumo sentsebenziswano phakathi iqokobhe umhlaba kunye kwehayidrosfere, yaye umoya biosphere. Bona wafunda ukwenzela ukufumanisa ngokuchanileyo Dynamics nasekusungulweni zejoloji Umhlaba. Ngaphandle iinkqubo zithe zadala ukuba iphuhlise nemithetho yophuhliso mhlaba. Wafunda inzululwazi komhlaba olutshintshayo (okanye kubume).

Iingcali lamkele kudidi ngokubanzi lweenkqubo angaphandle, umabela ngokwamaqela amathathu. Okokuqala - a badlula, nto leyo emele i utshintsho iimpawu zamatye kunye neeminerali phantsi kwempembelelo yomoya nje kuphela kodwa carbon dioxide, ioksijini, kunye nomsebenzi wamanzi eziphilayo. Uhlobo elilandelayo iinkqubo zangaphandle - denudation. Le ukutshatyalaliswa iliwa (ukutshintsha kwi kwiipropati njengoko kwimeko yemozulu), wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane phakathi kwabo elibaleka amanzi kunye nomoya. Uhlobo lokugqibela - ulwandiso. Oku kumiswa entsha yamatye lentlenga ngenxa neetyuwa accumulated kwi misinga isiqabu ezisentlabathini ngenxa yemozulu kunye denudation. Ngomhla ekufumbekeni umzekelo inokuba kuchazwe ulwalamano olubonakalayo zonke iinkqubo zangaphandle.

yemozulu mechanical

yemozulu Physical nayo ngokuba mechanical. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo yamawa zithe zadala ndobuyela nezinkulu, isanti kunye gruss, ndawaphula zibe ngamaqhekeza phantsi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yemozulu ngokwasemzimbeni - elihlala livelile. Ngenxa kwelanga Ukutshisa kunye nokupholisa elandelayo ithatha indawo ukwahluka ngamaxesha umqulu rock. Ibangela ngokuhlaziya kunye nelahleko unxibelelwano phakathi kwezimbiwa. Iziphumo iinkqubo ezicacileyo zithe zadala - ikhefu iliwa zibe ziingceba. Omkhulu awo obushushu, ngokukhawuleza kuyenzeka.

Izinga ukubunjwa iintanda kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu wengxondorha, izimbiwa yayo foliation, lamination, cleavage. ukuphazamiseka Mechanical kunokuba ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukususela izinto eziqinileyo abakreqayo kwezahlulo isakhiwo, Ufana isikali, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba le nkqubo nayo ngokuba cheshueniem. A igranite kuqhekeze lunamahlwili amhlophe ukwenza ibhokisi.

intshabalalo chemical

Ukongeza, iliwa ukunyibilika ikhuthaza iziphumo imichiza amanzi kunye nomoya. Mpilo kunye ne-carbon dioxide-arhente kakhulu, kusongela ukuthembeka imiphezulu. Amanzi uthwele izisombululo ityuwa, ngoko indima yayo inkqubo yemozulu ngemichiza kakhulu eliphezulu. umonakalo ngolo luboniswe ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: carbonation, igcwala ngamanyala. Ukongeza, iziphumo ukhukuliseko kwemichiza ekubunjweni kwezimbiwa ezintsha.

kwabo amanzi ngokusebenzisa zeminyaka phezu kwaye athontsize ngokusebenzisa pores eqalisiweyo emaweni ezibolayo yonke imihla. Kulwelo yenza inani elikhulu lweziqalelo, ngaloo ndlela zikhokelela ukuya yokubola kwezimbiwa. Ngoko ke, singatsho ukuba indalo kukho ngokupheleleyo substances. Umbuzo kuphela ukuba sigcina elide kangakanani isakhiwo yabo nangona iinkqubo zangaphandle.

igcwala

Igcwala luchaphazela becala izimbiwa, eziquka isalfure, intsimbi, manganese, ayibe, nickel kunye nezinye izinto ezithile. Le nkqubo yemichiza yi ingakumbi esebenzayo kwindawo okroqiweyo umoya, ioksijini kunye namanzi. Umzekelo, qhagamshelana ngamanzi, inxalenye yengxondorha izinyithi oxide ezi oxides, sulfides, - .. Sulphates, njl Zonke ezi nkqubo echaphazela ngqo mphandle komhlaba.

Ngenxa igcwala kwiingcamba asezantsi zomhlaba accumulated imvula rough intsimbi ekrwada (ortzandy). Kukho nezinye imizekelo ifuthe layo elimi ngayo. Ngoko ke, badlula amatye eziqulathe isinyithi, wayifulela soma brown limonite.

yemozulu organic

Eziphilayo ayabandakanyeka ekutshatyalalisweni yengxondorha. Ngokomzekelo, ulele (izityalo ezilula) ukuze uhlale phantse nakuwuphi na umgangatho. Baxhasa ubomi, abelwe usebenzisa organic asidi izondlo ekususeni. Emva kokuba izityalo zilula ematyeni izityalo emthini luzika. Kulo mzekelo, i iintanda ikhaya kwiingcambu.

Iimpawu yeenkqubo angaphandle akakwazi ukwenza imshiye ziimpethu, iimbovane kunye neentubi. besenza i imigudu elide yaye amaninzi, yaye ngalo ndlela negalelo kwii-umoya phantsi emhlabeni, apho ekwakhiweni unalo carbon dioxide etshabalalisayo nokufuma.

Isiphumo ice

Ice - into ebalulekileyo zejoloji. Lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni mphandle Yomhlaba. Kwiindawo weentaba ngumkhenkce ihamba ecaleni ezihlanjeni komlambo, ukutshintsha imilo kunye umphezulu ukuqengqeleka egudileyo. Ezo ukutshatyalaliswa komhlaba ekuthiwa gouging (vypahivaniem). I ice ihamba yenza omnye umsebenzi. Yena uthwala detritus, kwaphulwa kude eliweni. iimveliso yemozulu ziyawa ukusuka kwamaxandeka ezintilini ndizihlalise phezu komhlaba ngumkhenkce. Olunjalo umonakalo kwizinto zokufunda zejoloji kuthiwa gquma.

Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo emhlabeni-ngumkhenkce, oluthi luqokelelane emhlabeni kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba Wawuzalisa ngokulungileyo pores kwiinkalo ixesha elide kunye permafrost. Njengomba igalelo apha nayo imozulu. Lilikhulu komndilili weqondo lobushushu, kokukhona ubunzulu ebandayo. Apho ihlobo linyibilike njengeqabaka kobuso bomhlaba ephuma uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Konakalisa imbonakalo yomhlaba kwaye utshintshe isimo sayo. iinkqubo ezifanayo unyaka nonyaka aphindaphindwe imijikelo, umzekelo, kumantla eRashiya.

factor ulwandle

Ulwandle malunga nama-70% wobuso iplanethi yethu, yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo, bekusoloko kukho zejoloji ebalulekileyo factor zithe zadala. Lihamba amanzi olwandle phantsi kwempembelelo umoya, ekuphakameni kunye nemisinga ngamaza amakhulu. Kule nkqubo enxulumene ekonakalisweni kwelo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Amaza ukuba atshize nokuba kweelwandle eliphantsi rough kude nonxweme, ngaphandle yokumisa ibulale iliwa ezingqongileyo. Ngexesha isaqhwithi, amandla maza kunokuba tonnes ezininzi square metre nganye.

Inkqubo isikhephe intshabalalo ebonakalayo yamatye olwandle yonxweme ebizwa lingonakali. Uqhubeka edyokhweni. Kwi ibhanka kubonakala bay ukufiphala, headland okanye ematyeni. Ngaphezu koko, surf lokutshangatshangisa Iifomu kophuke phuhlu. intshabalalo Character kuxhomekeka kubume nokwakhiwa nasemaweni eselunxwemeni.

Xa emazantsi ezilwandle flow inkqubo ethe gqolo denudation. Oku lula ukuhamba kakhulu. Xa izaqhwithi kunye nezinye iintlekele kwakheka amaza enamandla seismic, ophezu Kuyanikhubekisa yayo ngendlela kumathambeka kwamanzi. Xa ingozi kwenzeka a hydraulic shoka umaphuli yl kunye rock nokuphula.

intshukumo yomoya

Wind bumane nje ukutshintsha phezu komhlaba. Ubhubhisa nasemaweni kuzisa izinto detrital lincinane esinobukhulu makabeke ngokulinganayo. Ngesantya sama-3 ngomzuzwana, umoya epholileyo amagqabi, weemitha ezili-10 - ubukhulu amaqashiso amasebe, uphakamisa uthuli nentlabathi, iimitha ezingama-40, wasiphula imithi kunye zidilizwe amakhaya. Ngakumbi umsebenzi etshabalalisayo kwenziwa izaqhwithi uthuli, kunye neenkanyamba.

umoya Process okuhlaba amasuntswana iliwa ebizwa deflation. Koozintlango, eziphantse yenza nokwehla kwezinga phezu komhlaba umgxobhozo wetyuwa esongiweyo. Ngumoya amandla inyathelo, ukuba ilizwe ikhuselwe zizityalo. Ngoko ke, oko deforms isitya ikakhulukazi entabeni.

intsebenziswano

Xa ekumisweni mphandle koMhlaba lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuzalana iinkqubo zemveli kunye zithe zadala zejoloji. Nature yahlulahlulwe ukuze abanye bavuka kwabanye. Umzekelo, iinkqubo zangaphandle zithe zadala ekugqibeleni kukhokelela neentanda kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Ngokusebenzisa ezi Ekungeneni ukusuka izibilini kwemali daka-langa. Lithe laqhenqetha ngohlobo kweemakhishithi futhi yakha uhlobo entsha.

Magmatism ayikho mzekelo kuphela ubume impefumlelwano iinkqubo zangaphandle kunye iqala. Ezihambayo igalelo ilungelelanise mmandla. Le i iinkqubo zangaphandle zithe zadala. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwenziwa peneplain (plain kunye iinduli ezincinane). Emva koko, ngenxa yeenkqubo iqala (ziitectonic plates iintshukumo), eli umphezulu liphuma. Ngoko ke, izinto zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ukuze iyaphikisana. Ubudlelwane kweenkqubo iqala kwaye zithe zadala yinto entsonkothileyo ezininzi. Namhlanje, oko ifundwa ngokweenkcukacha ngaphakathi sikhokelo kubume.