Amatye akheke ngentlenga

Malunga ne-75% ye komhlaba jikelele yokugubungela kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Olu didi lubandakanya ngaphezu kwesiqingatha izimbiwa acatshulwe ukusuka izibilini planethi. Bona belujolise kakhulu amazwekazi, kwithala nezelizwekazi ithambeka, yaye malunga ne-15% kuphela nje phaya emazantsi olwandle.

Ngentlenga namawa akhiwa yemozulu iimveliso kunye nempahla redeposition nokufumba ngokukhethekayo eliphakathi zolwelo (ngamanye amaxesha ezweni), kwaye womkhenkce umsebenzi kwinkqubo. Umbilo kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka kwisimo sayo, ayikhuphi amaqela ezahlukeneyo kumatye awenziwa ludaka:

- clastic - zibangelwa ikakhulu physical yemozulu, ukufuduka kunye redeposition kwe umbandela;

- neetyuwa colloidal - olusenyongweni njengoko ngenxa yokubola imichiza, sikhatshwe ukuyilwa kwezisombululo colloidal ;

- chemogenic - akhiwa ngayo imvula evela isisombululo zolwelo ngenxa ekudibaneni kwemichiza okanye okubangelwa izisombululo oonobangela supersaturation ezahlukeneyo;

- eziphilayo - iziphumo ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukuthatha indawo inxaxheba eziphilayo;

- biogenic okanye organogenic - isiphumo yomsebenzi eziphilayo.

Kudla kukho iimpawu yokudibanisa amaqela ahlukeneyo ilitye lentlenga. Ulwahlulo ingentla ithetha ukuba naliphi iqela elinye. Umzekelo, lekalika, esenokuba imvelaphi clastic, organogenic, chemogenic okanye kwemichiza, bobabo iintlobo nemvelo.

Ngokutsho umchiza ukwakhiwa kumatye awenziwa ludaka kwahluka iliwa igneous ngokuvula inani elikhulu amacandelo kunye iyantlukwano eziphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba nokudaleka zokufunda yemozulu kwimveliso nemetamorphic, igneous kumatye awenziwa ludaka nangaphezulu kwakunye iigesi kunye unyityilikiswa kumacandelo yamanzi yendalo ezimbiwa, eziphilayo, iimveliso inkunkuma, imveliso mlilo kunye iingceba awe esibhakabhakeni (umz, iibhola nickel intsimbi ). Ukongeza, kumafa yabo wayesoloko imizila ixesha elide lobomi-womile - izityalo entsalela kunye nezilwanyana. Ngokubanzi, iminyaka ke obu lweentlobo yefosili ngokwabo, kodwa kukho iintsalela ezininzi mandulo organic redeposited.

Ezinye iintlobo (diatomite, nummulitovye kunye bezicatshulwa ezahlukeneyo lekalika kunye nabanye) ngokupheleleyo akhiwa eziphilayo (biomorphic) okanye iziqwenga zazo (detritusovye). Le biomorphic izakhiwo (tselnorakovinnyh) iifosili sisodwa ukusuka kwenye nenye ndibopha isamente (brachiopod rakushnyaka) okanye icholwa kwi enye kwenye, nto leyo emenza abe ukukhula texture (iikorale iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lekalika). izakhiwo Detritusovye akhiwa ngayo emanzini sisenzo kokutshabalalisa neziphithiphithi Shell okanye ngenxa ubuchule ukuze baphile ezizingelayo fragmenting iqokobhe ngenjongo zokuvelisa ukutya.

rocks ngentlenga kwakheka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukutshatyalaliswa yengxondorha umzali oyile material ukuqala, nto leyo ikhutshelwa amanzi, umoya okanye ezihambayo, kwaye emva koko zifakwe phezu komhlaba kunye emazantsi isitya samanzi. Isiphumo ubunjwe components ezingafani kwenze, okroqiweyo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga ngamanzi nokuba isakhiwo friable kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Oku kwenze, ilungiswe ngokuhamba kwexesha - kwaye kukho rock ludaka.

inkqubo neentlenge ithatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo kwemozulu ulawulo ziitectonic plates. Xa iimeko nokufuma (kushushu yaye kukho ulophu) lwemozulu yaveliswa silts, clays, diatomite, caustobioliths (amafutha eziphili zamandulo). Yomile (eyomileyo) imimandla luphawulwa lekalika, gypsum, anhydrite, rock ityuwa. Imimandla siphindwe baziqwebele maleko angqingqwa kumatye awenziwa ludaka, luphawulwa iimpawu ezifana Ukwahluka kwisithuba nokwakhiwa ezahlukeneyo detritus. Kumaqonga, phezu koko, ezifakwe ezinawo yamatye yamandla eliphantsi kunye sisincoko ngokufanayo ngakumbi detritus.

Ngenxa yokuba iimeko neentlenge kwi neminyaka edlulileyo zejoloji ubukufuphi mihla okanye ezifana, ngokusekelwe data kwi ukwabiwa zeengxondorha lentlenga kumphezulu koMhlaba nga zenziwe kwaye PALEOGEOGRAPHY paleotectonic kule planethi.