Abemi zomthonyama eKamchatka

Enye kwimimandla ezisemaphandleni Russia nguye ena Peninsula. Inani labantu kule nxalenye yelizwe kakhulu owahlukeneyo kumafa lobuhlanga, nangona ngakumbi ubukho ocacileyo Russian. Eli qela uhlanga baqala ukuhlala kule ndawo kuphela ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kodwa ke abantu bomthonyama eKamchatka, abantu ababehlala endulo kwi usingasiqithi, ebegqwese ichithwe kubemi ngokubanzi. Makhe sifunde ngakumbi la maqela nobuhlanga kummandla ena.

Jikelele iimpawu demographic

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka isifundo abantu bomthonyama kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni na yabemi eKamchatka namhlanje ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kusenza siqonde intsingiselo kunye nendima abantu bomthonyama kubomi mihla mmandla.

Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumanise inani lilonke labemi eKamchatka. Le yenye yeempawu ezibalulekileyo yezibalo. Yabemi eKamchatka yokuthandana amawaka 316,1. Abantu. Yinto izinga umzuzu 78 kuphela kwimimandla Russian 85.

Kodwa ke indawo ena Krai ithatha indawo yeshumi kweli lizwe phakathi ngabalawulwa nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Kuyinto 464,3 eziliwaka macala onke. M. km. Ukwazi yabemi eKamchatka kunye kwindawo yayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba babale mninzi. Esi salathisi kwakhona ingqalelo enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo manani demographic. Ukuxinana abantu ngo eKamchatka ngalo mzuzu kuba abantu 0.68 kuphela / macala onke. M. km. Le yenye kwanala aphakathi eRashiya. Ngokwale bemfuno mmandla ena ohlala 81 indawo th phakathi imimandla yelizwe 85.

kuqamba National

Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba kukhangela abemi eKamchatka kwicandelo yobuhlanga. Oku kuya kusinceda sikwazi ukubona abantu bomthonyama yommandla labantu ngokubanzi.

Abase, yabemi eKamchatka na uhlanga yaloo ngabona ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Oku Russian. Inani labo kuthetha amawaka 252,6. Abantu, okanye ngaphezulu kwe-83% yenani abemi bommandla. Kodwa Russian - oku abantu zomthonyama eKamchatka.

Indima ebalulekileyo zokubumba yabemi eKamchatka nazo Ukraine. Baya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba Russian, kodwa olu hlanga amaqela yesibini ngobukhulu uhlanga kule ngingqi, olubalelwa kuba ngaphezu kwe-3.5% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke kweli phondo.

indawo yesithathu - kwi Koryak. Olu hlanga sele abemi lokuzalwa eKamchatka. isabelo lwalo ubunzima elipheleleyo labantu kule ngingqi phezu nje 2%.

Bezinye izizwe, ezifana njengabameli bemveli nobo bungengo bemveli, apho bahlala ena Peninsula, siphantsi kakhulu inani ezintathu yezi zizwe. Isabelo lilonke ngamnye kubo ayiqalisi ukufikelela kwe-0.75% yabo xa bebonke. Phakathi kwezi abantu abambalwa eKamchatka kufuneka yabelwe Itelmen, nangezinto, Belarusians, Evens, Kamchadals, Chukchi, Korea.

abantu bomthonyama

Ngoko ke zintoni na uhlanga wemveli eKamchatka? Ukongezelela Koryak, esixoxe ngasentla, ukuze iintlanga lokuzalwa-siqithi, kukho Itelmens.

Phuma Kamchadals ukuba subethnos ngabantu Russian walibumba bangoobani yesizwe e eKamchatka.

Kwi nganye yezi zizwe, siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngezantsi.

Koryak: ulwazi ngokubanzi

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, Koryak na uhlanga yesithathu inkulu eKamchatka, yaye ngaloo ndlela, owokuqala kwenani abamele abantu bomthonyama yommandla osemantla.

Inani elipheleleyo olu hlanga wamawaka 7.9. Abantu. Of bahlale eKamchatka 6.6 amawaka. Keli., Ngowuphi nje kwama-2% yenani lilonke labemi kule ngingqi. Ikakhulu ihlalwa nobuzwe enikwe emantla ena Territory, apho kwisithili Koryak. Kwakhona eqhelekileyo kummandla Magadan kunye Chukotka.

ngoku Uninzi Koryak ukuthetha Russian, kodwa ulwimi lwabo yimbali yi Koryak. Idityanisiwe kwisebe Chukchi-Koryak Chukchi-Kamchatkan iilwimi. yinyosi I ezinxulumene kuyo, ulwimi Chukchi yi Aliutor. Kugcine zingajongwa ngabanye ngeelwimi njenge zenyathi Koryak.

Olu hlanga yahlulwe zibini ngokwamaqela: i eyetundra unxweme Koryak.

Emathafeni Koryak ukuzeyisa chavchuveny, bona bubonakala "adle" kwaye ubukhulu becala ayohlala Umbala enkulu ngotyetyiso adle. ulwimi yabo ekwakuphila Koriak ngengqiqo emxinwa kwikota. Chavchuveny wahlukanisa kulandelayo subethnos: Parenzo, Kamenz, apukintsy, itkantsy.

Coastal Koryak sizihloniphe nymylany. Bona, ngokungafaniyo chavchuvenov, amavila. Umsebenzi wabo - lokuloba. ulwimi lokuqala iqela yobuhlanga - Aliutor, leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla. Amaqela ephambili sub-yobuhlanga nymylanov: Alyutors, karagintsy, palantsy.

Uninzi amakholwa Koryak ngoku - amaKristu Orthodox, nangona mabhodlo yayisathe olomeleleyo nemimoya, ababevela emkhosini waloo iinkolelo yemveli yabantu.

Housing Koryaks i yarang nto leyo uhlobo olulodwa isibetho eziphathwayo.

ibali le Koryak

Ngoku makhe sibone ibali Koryak. Bakholelwa ukuba izinyanya zabo belimiwe kummandla eKamchatka kwasekuqaleni nenkulungwane AD yokuqala. Baya phantsi imbali abameli ekuthiwa-inkcubeko Okhotsk.

Igama Koryak lokuqala baqalisa ukuvela kumaphepha amaxwebhu Russian ukususela kwinkulungwane XVII. Oku kungenxa advance Russian eSiberia nakwiMpuma Ekude. Kutyelelo lokuqala kummandla Russian libhekisa ku 1651. Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII waqalisa ekoyiswa eKamchatka, eRashiya. Vladimir waqala Atlas yayo, ngubani kunye amagxamesi eziliqela Koryak neqembu lakhe. Noko ke, Koryak nakanye wavusa imvukelo. Kodwa ekugqibeleni, zonke neemvukelo zaye livunyelwe. Ngenxa yoko, yabemi eKamchatka, kuquka Koryak, baba izifundo Russian.

Ngowe-1803, i-kwiNgingqi ena yasekwa kuBukhosi Russian. Koryak wahlala ikakhulu Gizhiginskaya kunye Petropavlovsk izithili iyunithi yolawulo.

Emva kokuba October Revolution ngo-1930 wanikela Inkululeko Koryak yesizwe. Ngaloo ndlela Koryak Ukuzilawula District yasekwa. Ngowe-1934 waba lilungu kummandla ena, lo gama kugcinwe kwahlukana zabo. Iziko lolawulo yaba kwilali ezisezidolophini Palana.

Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union ngowe-1991, i-Koryak Ukuzilawula District, ngoxa inxalenye kwiNgingqi ena, wamkela kwamalungelo Federation. Ngowe-2005, kwabanjwa zimvo, nto leyo ekhokelele-m-2007 yaba hanya olupheleleyo Koryak Ukuzilawula weSithili kunye kummandla ena. Le ndlela kummandla ena. Koryak Ukuzilawula District lwapheliswa njengesifundo le imbumba, kwaye endaweni yayo kwasekwa kwisithili Koryak - unit yemimandla, eyinxenye ye ena Territory, nokuba iwonga, kodwa akanayo kobokuqala ukuzimela. Iilwimi ezisemthethweni unit indawo ezi Koryak kunye Russian.

Okwangoku, Russian ukwenza up 46.2% yabemi kwisithili Koryak, kunye Koryak - 30.3%, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo kwenye indawo kwi ena Territory.

Itelmen: iimpawu ngokubanzi

Enye abantu bomthonyama eKamchatka yile Itelmens.

inani lawo elipheleleyo imalunga 3.2 amawaka. Man. Kwezi, 2.4 amawaka. Ukuphila kummandla ena, iyenza 0,74% yabo xa bebonke, ngaleyo yesine ukuba likhulu iqela uhlanga kule ngingqi. Ezinye olu hlanga Angema kulaa mmandla Magadan.

Le Itelmens bulk obululu kwiindawo Milkovsky kunye Tigilskiy of the ena Territory, kwakunye neziko yolawulo - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Isikakhulu Itelmens nithethe Russian, kodwa lwabo lwesigodi yemveli Itelmen, elibhekisela kwisebe Itelmen Chukchi-Kamchatkan iilwimi. Ngoku le ulwimi bobabo ukufa.

Itelmens bangamaKristu Orthodox, kodwa, njengoko phakathi Koryak, banalo iintsalela ephuhliswe yantle kakuhle zamahlelo yamandulo.

Nomsebenzi omkhulu Itelmens ukuba lingashukunyiswa isixeko aze aphile kwiinkqubo emveli, ukuloba.

imbali Itelmens

Itelmen - abantu bamandulo eKamchatka. Abaninzi kubo bahlala kwi kumazantsi nesiqingatha siqithi, entla ukuphana Koryak. Ngelo xesha lokufika of Russian inani lwabo ngaphezu kwe-12.5 amawaka. Cel., Utsho ngaphezu inani yangoku ngamaxesha 3.5.

Emva ekuqaleni kuloyiso inani ena Itelmen ngokukhawuleza lancipha. Ukoyisa yokuqala abantu baqala zonke sabheka efanayo Vladimir. Wahamba usingasiqithi ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. Emva ukubulala wakhe, oogxa bakhe ngo-1711 usebenza Itelmens ukoyisa UDaniyeli Antsiferov. Waye Okwemfazwe eziliqela waqhekeza Itelmen, kodwa 1712 satshiswa ngabo, kunye yomdlalo.

Noko ke, akuzange kube lula ukuba bawavale Matshi Russian Empire kwi ena Itelmen yaye ekugqibeleni yoyiswa. Ngowe-1740, i uhambo of Vitus wethu wayelele phantsi ukusasazeka iziko nempembelelo Russian kweli lizwe - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Ekuqaleni ngokuba Russian Itelmen Kamchadals, kodwa emva koko unikwe igama wanamathela ezinye iintlanga, apho siza kuxubusha ngezantsi.

Ungubani Kamchadals?

Enye sub-yobuhlanga amaqela eKamchatka, nto leyo kuthathwa ukuba bohluke are Kamchadals. Le yunithi lisebenza lom uhlanga yobuzwe Russian. Kamchadals - inzala ka abahla- bokuqala Russian kwi ena Peninsula, ngokomkhethe ingxenye abantu balapha, ikakhulu Itelmens, leyo ngaphambili ngokuba ngokwabo data ethnonym Russian.

Okwangoku, inani lilonke Kamchadals imalunga 1.9 amawaka. Man. . Kwezi, 1.6 amawaka ubomi e eKamchatka, kunye nabantu abaninzi malunga 300 - kummandla Magadan.

Kamchadals ndithetha Russian, kwaye ngokusekelwe kwinkcubeko yabo inkcubeko uhlanga titular eRashiya. Noko ke, abanye ifuthe kuyo, yaye abantu bomthonyama kufuneka, kuba Itelmens kakhulu.

iimpawu yemvelaphi yabantu bomthonyama

Ngoku makhe sibone apho iqela bezizwe abanto yabantu bemveli eKamchatka.

Koryak and Itelmen unako ngokukhuselekileyo kunganxulunyaniswa ugqatso Arctic ephantsi. Kwenye indlela ibizwa ngokuba Eskimo kunye nesebe esemantla uhlanga enkulu Mongoloid. Oku subrasa iimpawu kufutshane yabantu ukuba Mongoloids njengezwekazi, kwaye kwiPasifiki.

Kunzima kakhulu kunjalo Kamchadals nale ungowakhe na uhlanga exutyiweyo. In Kamchadals united iimpawu Caucasoid neentlobo Mongoloid, kuba, enyanisweni, eli qela uhlanga sisiphumo wokuxuba Russian kunye nabantu samandulo eKamchatka. Olu hlobo ngokobuhlanga ebizwa phambene.

amandla kwabantu

Kule minyaka ilikhulu idluleyo, inani labantu zomthonyama eKamchatka iye yehla kakhulu. Le meko ibangelwa eziliqela zinto.

Xa ixesha ulawulo Russian uBukhosi ena ebonakalayo indima ekuhliseni lasekuhlaleni labantu sidlalwe ngobhubhani, kwanokupheliswa bemveli abantu ngokwesakhelo soMgaqo-nkqubo kwamathanga. Ngelo xesha emva kukho nokwenziwa yenkcubeko. Kwaba ngenxa yokuba kokuba ummeli abantu bomthonyama iye lingako. Ngoko ke, abantwana kwemitshato elingumxube bakhetha ukuba bazibize Russian.

amathuba

Amathuba ukuze uphuhliso olunokubakho bomthonyama eKamchatka akuvakali kakhulu. urhulumente Russian baqalisa ukukhuthaza self-determination abemi kummandla ngakwicala eqinisekisa uhlanga ka Koryak, Itelmen kamchadalskoy okanye uhlanga ngabameli ezi iintlanga ezininzi zoncedo nenzuzo. Kodwa oku ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo, njengokuba self-ukuphawulwa umntu kunye nabameli abambalwa yesizwe akwenzi inkcubeko lokuqala kwizizwana common ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukuba inani lilonke Itelmens okwangoku limi kwi-3.1 amawaka. Abantu, nto leyo ngaphezu kabini inani 1980, inani abathetha Itelmen ulwimi abantu 82 kuphela, nto leyo engqina ukuphela kwayo.

Le ngingqi ifuna imali utyalo inkcubeko iintlanga ezincinane kangangokuba abantu abaninzi bakulungele ukufunda ena.

iziphetho jikelele

Siye safunda abantu bomthonyama eKamchatka, kwizizwana kumntla-mpuma kummandla lwelizwe lethu. Kakade ke, ngomzuzu uphuhliso inkcubeko wokuqala iintlanga amagqabi kangako, kodwa arhente karhulumente ukuzama ukwenza bonke aba bantu, iilwimi zabo nezithethe hayi anyamalala ngokupheleleyo.

Makhe ithemba ukuba kwixesha elizayo inani abameli bomthonyama eKamchatka uya kwandisa kuphela.