Acropolis Greek. Yintoni Acropolis, apho kubonakala ngathi (ifoto)

EGrisi, kukho ezininzi bezinto bobugcisa Ixabiso eliphezulu zembali. Omnye wabo - Acropolis eAthens. Agora - ntoni na? Iguqulwe kwi-Greek Acropolis lithetha "idolophu ephakamileyo". Le lehewu lekalika ngaphezu isixeko (80 m ukuphakama) kunye kumathambeka macala onke ngaphandle ngasentshona. Kumaxesha amandulo, umsebenzi iphambili yale sakhiwo ukuba uvikele bahlaseli.

Le yokuhlala endala

Le yamandulo Acropolis eAtene, ukhankanywa kudala ngaphambi kokuba ixesha yamandulo kwimbali. Ngenxa kumbiwa izinto zelifa lenkcubeko kwafunyanwa yayifana ubudala yeBronzi Age (ubukhulu becala kwangethuba kwaye phakathi). I VII-VI cc. BC. e. zakhiwa iitempile, kodwa kamva itshatyalaliswa namaPersi.

Ngokutsho legend, i-Greek Acropolis waliseka Cecrops Athene ukumkani. Ekuphakameni embindini uvelisa igama, livela igama lakhe - "Kekrop» (cecropia).

ngeentsingiselo zamagama

"I yiParthenon, lo Propylaea, Acropolis" - yintoni amele la magama, yaye yintoni na imvelaphi la mazwi?

• IParthenon - indlu iphambili ye-Greek Acropolis, elingcwele, uthixokazi Athena. Ukusuka Greek "parthenos" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "intombi." Athena enxibe lesiteketiso.
• Igama elithi "Propylaea" - livela propylaion Greek. Le arch grand emnyango ukuya Acropolis eAthens. Kuye amanqanaba ezimbini ezahlukeneyo nesezindlu Doric.
• Igama elithi "Acropolis" ngesiGrike ngokoqobo lithetha "Acro" - induli, "polis" - isixeko. Leyo yinxalenye enqatyisiweyo yesixeko yamaGrike, omi phezu kwentaba.
• Erechtheion - itempile enikelwe Athena kunye Poseidon. Ingaba i kuqamba azilingani kubekwe phezu kumanqanaba aliqela.
• Gekatompedon - kakhulu itempile yamandulo le Acropolis, nto leyo sinikezelwa Athena.

Acropolis nenjongo yayo

Agora - into efihliweyo kweli gama yamandulo, yaye yintoni na ixabiso layo? Yeyona ndawo iphambili yokufumana ukumkani. Kwakhona ngaphakathi kukho ezininzi iitempile apho imithandazo eyenziwa ukuya oothixo bamaGrike, uhlawule ixhoba. Ngexesha lo mbuso baseTurkey Acropolis badlale indima yabo mosque. Njengoko namhlanje - yinto lesikhumbuzo mandulo ubugcisa bokwakha.

Acropolis yase njengoko lomculo wezakhiwo

Agora kudala ukubonakala isixeko baseAthene. Kumaxesha amandulo, le ndawo yaba ixabiso yengcwele, kunye neziko yenkcubeko. Zonke izakhiwo iitempile zangaphakathi zenze lomculo enye. Acropolis Architecture yafunda ngendlela engaqhelekanga, yonke yinxalenye ebanzi, akukho ndawo randomness - izakhiwo kunye ezikhumbuzo, indawo yabo Bacinge ngononophelo kwaye enengqiqo kakhulu. Le lomculo yakhiwe asymmetrically elungelelene kwiinqobo ezimbini yaMandulo Greece ngezakhiwo ngexesha lokudubula yayo: ngokuvisisana esikalini ubunzima kunye imbono zobugcisa yokwakha Dynamics ekwakhiweni kwayo. Itempile iParthenon Gekatompedon - iziko. Acropolis 21 iqulathe izakhiwo element (theatre yayinguDionysus oqingqiweyo Promachos Athens, propylene, eAthene isibingelelo nguZeyus engcwele kunye nabanye).

material

Kubonakala ngathi le Acropolis namhlanje? Ziziphi izinto badalwa zonke ekwakhiweni kwayo?

Okwangoku, uninzi ezikhumbuzo ke Acropolis nokubuyiselwa. Ngoko ke, indawo, ungabona ukuba abanye babo singqongwe banikwe. Uninzi izakhiwo kunye iinkulungwane emva kunjalo igcinwe ubukhulu babo, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kugweba malunga ukohluka nokuntsonkotha iinkcukacha ngobugcisa. Ukuhlolisisa imihlathi yamandulo usenokucinga ukuba imveliso zabo eziphathekayo - lekalika. Enyanisweni, zonke izinto zonke Acropolis zazakhiwe nezemarmore, nto leyo kakhulu ezidilikileyo Wayechanabeka kwizinto ezininzi kwaye ezinye iindawo kuyo aqotywa iimfazwe.

propylaeum

Kwicala lasentshonalanga ngayo leentaba isango Acropolis. Yintoni Propylaea? Le umba exhalabisa abantu abaninzi, okokuqala atyelele eziphambili ezinomtsalane baseAthene. Propylaea - Umnyango engundoqo eya Acropolis, amasango iyingangamsha amhlophe. Baye amathuba esi sicatshulwa ezintlanu. Ebanzi kakhulu kubo (endaweni amanyathelo mayixhotyiswe kwiziphambuka) ise phakathi ngaphambili elijolise nabakhweli ugidime isilwanyana njengombingelelo. ububanzi bayo 4.3 m. olungaphambili amasango ubunjwe nesezindlu emithandathu-Doric. Kumaxesha amandulo, lo Propylaea, Acropolis zonke izakhiwo ayesaziwa yaye ezininzi ezibonisiweyo rhoqo ngaphezu iParthenon.

iParthenon

IParthenon - itempile engundoqo, nto idume Acropolis yayo, apho uBharnabhas-imikrolo ebonisa iintsomi zamaGrike, kuquka ukuzalwa Athena ukusuka entlokweni kaZeyus. Ubukhulu itempile kakhulu umxhelo :. ububanzi-30 m, ubude 70 m iintsika zawo, emi phezu kwebala, abe ukuphakama kuyimitha 10 imiqolo isakhiwo emangalisayo :. Baya yandisa kumbindi ikona ekhwele kunye etyekele okuncinane ngokumalunga phantsi. Ngenxa namaqhinga nabayili yamandulo, itempile ukhangela umyinge enye ukuya umcimbi icala iwotshi yayo. Ngaphakathi Umfanekiso adumileyo yothixokazi yayifakwe - Athena emsulwa. Le wadala yi uMdali iphambili Acropolis, womzobi Phidias. Izandla ubuso uthixokazi zazenziwe zeendlovu, amaqhekeza iimpahla nezixhobo - ngegolide, ukhanye yamehlo kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa amatye zendalo. Nanamhla oku lo mfanekiso leyo engafakwanga. imbonakalo yakhe yaphila, enkosi iikopi amandulo Ayifumaneki.

Erechtheion

Indlu, apho idume oothixo ezininzi: Athena, Poseidon kunye Erechtheus (ukumkani mandulo Athens). Ibekwe ngaphakathi equleni Poseidon, ezaliswe ngamanzi netyuwa. Ngokutsho legend, nequla kwesiphumo logwayimbo Ababhali abagcina Poseidon omkhulu esandleni sakhe esithe nkqi. Ngokusekelwe yokuba isakhiwo itempile elungiselelwe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjongo, sase amasango ezimbini ngasentla nasempuma amacala. Ngalinye kuwo ose-, ubeke phezu ziintsika Ionic. Emnyango ihonjiswe nendlela Beje ngezininzi iinkcukacha oqingqiweyo, kwaye ingqalelo ezona ebuhleni clypeus of Pericles. Kufuphi yokulifumana etempileni kumqolomba apho wahlala inyoka uthixokazi engcwele Athena. Inyoka kuthwelwe umlawuli omkhulu umzi - Erechtheus. Kude kube ngoku, ngaphakathi kwale nkonzo uye walondolozwa kuphela kwimibhalo koogxa bakhe, unako ukufumana inkcazo yesakhiwo.

Theatre of Dionysos

zemidlalo Greek eziye zakhiwa lentaba, apho icwangcisa ndawo ngenxa abaphulaphuli, leyo ibekwe phambi kwisigaba ngamaplanga. izihlalo ababelapho ngokohlobo kwisangqa (abizwa ngokuthi "Theatron") yaye lingqongwe neqonga, apho ikwayala (isiza ekuthiwa orhestra). Le IV c. BC. e. izihlalo ukuba ababukeli yenziwe njenge imiswe endaweni elulwalwa uze senze ibhastile. Theatre of Dionysos - yokubonela Greek omkhulu kuqala, ibekwe kwi kwithambeka elingasemzantsi Acropolis. Ukuze baye basinda ukusuka izihlalo emarmore emhlophe ezazijoliswe iindwendwe ezibalulekileyo kunye abemi Wawongwa baseAthene. Ithiyetha Capacity - 17 amawaka abantu ..

Kwanetempile yothixokazi Nike

Le yenye ibandla esekhona, inxalenye lomculo (Acropolis). Yintoni i "Athena Nike" - igama Ekumiseleni igama yesithixokazi? Nick ngokuqhelekileyo uvezwa amaphiko emqolo. Kodwa lo itempile Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo lo mgaqo, njengoko baseAthene bagqiba ukugcina kwidabi ekhaya. Ngoko ke, kwamaphiko ezo ngabom kuveliswa, kungekhona ukuvumela Nick ukuba kubaleka ndiye ukushiya yonke esixekweni. Ngokufanelekileyo, "Apteros" lithetha "ongenawo".

Itempile sinobuso Ionic umhlathi, amacala asentla ezo ezihonjiswe curls zikhula. Temple of Athena Nike yakhiwa ngexesha Peloponnesian beMfazwe, ngoko ke uBharnabhas-imikrolo obonisa uloyiso phezu yiSparta namaPersi. Ngethuba lokufakwa yengcwele Turkish sachithwa ukuze kwakhiwe iinqaba zomkhosi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, indlu Nike badla ivaliwe eluntwini ngenxa ngokubuyiselwa.

Ekugqibeleni kutshatyalaliswa

Ezinye izinto zokwakha ziye kwasinda ukuya namhlanje. Endaweni yazo ifumaneka kuphela iziseko okanye mabhodlo shapeless izakhiwo ukuba kanye wazihombisa Acropolis. Ngawaphi basenza ke, wakhangela njani ukuba ngexesha layo? Umzekelo, Gekatompedon okanye Pandroseion? Oku kugwetywa iziphumo yokomba okanye ubungqina uncwadi, washiya ihlabathi Ancient Greece. On-site Gekatompedon uhlala columns kwafunyanwa iinxalenye eqingqiweyo. Sanctuary of Artemis, yaye phantse wayitshabalalisa: ziphuma iintsalela kuphela ezingephi kunye yempahla apho izixhobo agcinwe.

entsha Museum

Athens Museum, ibekwe kwi kwintsimi Acropolis, yasungulwa ngo 1874. Ngokubanzi, kukho ziboniswa elements, ngaphambili kusingathwa Upper Town. Ingqokelela baba ngakumbi yaye, emva kwethutyana, nendawo ekhoyo akwanelanga. Sondela Acropolis ndiqalile ukwakha isakhiwo esitsha, banzi. Kodwa akubi njalo umsebenzi wabaleka kakuhle, njengoko kwakukho imiqobo kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene ne ukhetho bezakhiwo okanye umhlaba. Ekuqaleni yokwakha, ngexesha ukulungiswa komhlaba ekubekeni isiseko, izinto zokwakha ezibalulekileyo ngokwembali zifunyenweyo. Ngenxa ulwakhiwo lwembali imisiwe.

museum level-Ezintathu nezintsonkothileyo yavulwa ngo-2009, kukho umgangatho ngeglasi ukuze iindwendwe bafumana ithuba lokubona zombiwe.