Age awohluke abantwana kweminyaka 4-5: psychology

Age ukusuka kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu - lixesha pre-school-avareji. Yena liqonga ebaluleke gqitha kubomi bomntwana. Oku ixesha lokukhula olunzulu kunye nophuhliso omzimba womntwana. Kweli nqanaba, litshintsha ngokubonakalayo uhlobo umntwana eli kokuba kuphuculwe izakhono zengqiqo nonxibelelwano. Kukho iimpawu ezithile yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5 GEF, leyo kufuneka nje ukwazi abazali, kuphuhliso kunye nokufundiswa kokuya esikolweni wabantwana ivumelane. Oku kuthetha ukuba usana njengoko bekhula usoloko ufumana ulwimi ofana ngayo noontanga babo.

iimpawu ezibonakalayo of

avareji yobudala uthole amandla ebonakalayo ukunyuka umntwana kakhulu kuphucula ulungelelwaniso, intshukumo uba nentembelo ngakumbi. Oku igcina ikwimfuno ezimileyo intshukumo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka ekuphuhliseni izakhono injini, ngokubanzi, le enkulisa umlinganiselo uba nimble ngakumbi yaye ngokukhawuleza kuthelekiswa abaselula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu kweminyaka abantwana abaneminyaka 4-5 abantu abanjalo ukuba umsebenzi komzimba kufuneka ukuba iyeza, kangangokuba kwakungelula kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba izihlunu kukhula ngeli xesha, nangona fast, kodwa obungalinganiyo, ngoko ke umntwana eziva ediniwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, abantwana kufuneka anikwe ixesha lokuphumla.

Ke ukuba isantya sophuhliso lomzimba, ukususela kwiminyaka-4 ukuya ku-6, abazange kakhulu ukutshintsha. Kwi-avareji, umntwana okhulele kulo nyaka yi-5-7 cm nokuba 1,5-2 kg. Kukho ukukhula kunye nophuhliso onke amalungu kunye neenkqubo umzimba abantwana.

iqola ingqondo yomntwana

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-4-5 yophuhliso ngokukhawuleza lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo yengqondo: inkumbulo, ingqalelo, imbono, kunye nabanye. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba babe ngakumbi abazi, engenasizathu: isebenza unyamezelo kunye namandla, nto leyo eya kuba luncedo kwixesha elizayo.

Uhlobo yokucinga uphawu umntwana ngoku a ngokucacileyo esilungiswe. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi abantwana amanyathelo abonakalayo, umntu umlinganiswa onamava. Kubo, ukubonakala ibaluleke kakhulu. Noko ke, njengokuba bekhula ndicinga uba ngokubanzi ngcembe kokuya esikolweni yobudala iba ngomlomo kunye nengqondo. Kuphula Ubungakanani benkumbulo: yena wayekwazi ukukhumbula umbongo encinane okanye umyalelo omdala. randomness Ukwanda kunye nozinzo ingqalelo: abangekaqali esikolweni ukulungiselela ixesha elifutshane (imizuzu eli-15-20) ngenyameko wenza nantoni na umsebenzi.

Thathela ingqalelo iimpawu ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla yabantwana kweminyaka engama-4-5, ootitshala uthole unako ukudala iimeko zophuhliso bemveliso kunye evumelanayo umntwana.

Indima umdlalo

imisebenzi Masonwabe uhlala isiseko umntwana, kodwa kuba inzima kakhulu ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa besebancinane. Inani labantwana ababandakanyeka ukunyuka zonxibelelwano. Kukho ezinezihloko umdlalo role-idlala. Age awohluke abantwana abaneminyaka 4-5 abantu abanjalo ukuba kungenzeka ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga ngesondo kwabo. Amantombazana kufana usapho kunye nezihloko ngemihla (Omama Zintombi, ivenkile). La makhwenkwe zikhetha ukudlala noomatiloshe, amajoni, knights. Kweli nqanaba, abafundi beqala ekulungelelaniseni kukhuphiswano lokuqala, lwela ukuba baphumelele.

ukuqamba

ngovuyo Umyinge eyodwa bafunda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo umsebenzi ngobuchule. Umntwana ungathanda ukwenza ibali umzekelo, applique. Omnye wale misebenzi iphambili kuba lenkundla. Age awohluke abantwana kweminyaka 4-5 GEF abonisa ukuba le enkulisa sigaba sele wayenayo motor ocoliweyo, ekuvumela ukuba bazobe iinkcukacha sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi iinkcukacha. Figure uba njengendlela ukuzichaza ngokuyilayo.

I-avareji pre-schooler bangabhala tale encinane iintsomi okanye ingoma, uqonde into imvano, asebenzise kubo. maphupho Bright kunye nomfanekiso- ingadala lwendawo yonke entlokweni yakho okanye kwiphepha elingabhalwanga lephepha, apho umntwana ungakhetha ngokwazo naziphi na indima.

uphuhliso intetho

Ngeli thuba, i-avareji pre-school uphuhliso esebenzayo ngobuchule yokuthetha. Ngokuphawulekayo ekuphuculweni pronunciation ephilileyo, isigama likhula ngenkuthalo, lwathi malunga namawaka amabini amagama kunye nangaphezulu. iimpawu kubantwana abaneminyaka 4-5 ukuvumela ukuba ucacise ngakumbi ngokupheleleyo ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo Speech yobudala.

Umntwana sele nako kwesi okanye into, ukuchaza iimvakalelo zabo, ukuba balibalise itekisi encinane yoncwadi, ukuphendula imibuzo abadala. Kweli nqanaba wophuhliso, abantwana bafunda isakhiwo ngokwegrama lwimi: ukuqonda nokusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo kwezalathandawo, funda ukwakha izivakalisi enzima njalo njalo. Phuhlisa intetho esisiso.

Unxibelelwano nontanga kunye nabantu abadala

Kwi-avareji yobudala uthole kubaluleke kakhulu gqitha ukuba abafowunelwa kunye noontanga. Ukuba ngaphambili umntwana zokudlala eyaneleyo kunye nonxibelelwano kunye nabazali, kodwa ngoku kufuneka basebenzisane kunye nabanye abantwana. Kukho imfuneko enkulu ukuqatshelwa hlonipha koontanga. Unxibelelwano kudla ngokusondeleyo kwamanye imisebenzi (play, umsebenzi joint). Kukho izihlobo yokuqala kuye umntwana anxibelelana kakhulu lula.

Xa iqela labantwana niqalise ukuba ukhuphiswano kunye neenkokeli kuqala. Unxibelelwano noontanga kudla isimo. Ukusebenzisana abadala, ngokuchaseneyo, uya ngaphaya imeko ethile lube ezingabonakaliyo. Umntwana ubona abazali njengomthombo ungaphelelwayo ulwazi olutsha, igunya, ngoko ke ubeka iintlobo ngeentlobo kwemiba. Yaba ngeli xesha abantwana pre-school melene imfuneko ekhethekileyo lokukhuthaza ucatshukiswe izimvo kunye nento ukuba imizamo yabo kuyaqapheleka. Ngamanye amaxesha omdala amalungu entsapho musa uqaphele iimpawu yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5. Memo abazali, ootitshala kunye iisayikholojisti eyenziwe amaziko pre-school, ukunceda ukwakha incoko nomntwana ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo.

iimpawu ngokweemvakalelo

Kule minyaka, kukho luphuhliso olungathethekiyo kwisigaba iimvakalelo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba sympathies kuqala esizithandayo, nzulu kunye nentsingiselo ngakumbi ingqondo. Umntwana baqonde isimo sengqondo abantu abadala ukusondela kuye, efunda emanyathelweni.

Abantwana wayekhathazeke kakhulu ukuba badumise njani, yaye izimvo ziyivela kakhulu nababuthathaka. Xa wayeneminyaka 5, ukuqala umntwana ukuba babe nomdla kwimiba yokwabelana ngesondo kunye nesini sabo.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, omnye iimpawu olwahlula a ubudala banikwa eliqaqambileyo fantasy lengqondo. Khumbula ukuba oku enokwenza ukuba ezahlukeneyo uloyiko. Umntwana Mhlawumbi woyika umlinganiswa fantastic okanye kwanezilo engqondo. Abazali Akuyomfuneko ukuba ukhathazeke kakhulu; akukhona ingxaki, kodwa kuphela iimpawu kweminyaka kubantwana abaneminyaka 4-5.

Psychology uyazi iindlela ezininzi yokujongana ezinjalo uloyiko, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eli ubunzima yethutyana nje kuphela, nto leyo eza kuhamba ngokwabo ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa abazali ukuba bajolise ingqalelo kuzo okanye ukulwa umntwana ukulungiselela iinjongo zemfundo.

Imfundo yabantwana iminyaka 4-5

Abasebenzi yamaziko angaphambi kokuya kuqeqesho yaye athathele ingqalelo iimpawu ngokwasengqondweni abantwana yobudala eyi 4-5. Le nkqubo 'Ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya esikolweni ", njengangoku ukusetyenziswa, ujoliso yokusekwa nophuhliso epheleleyo ubuntu.

Kulo mzekelo, abantwana iiklasi weendawo, nto leyo echaza imigaqo yokuziphatha kweli qela, xa ikhaya kunye neendawo zoluntu, isakhelo yokhuseleko, oko ephuhlisa, ukuphucula ulwazi ngezempilo, njalo njalo. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubo yokufunda isekelwe umdlalo. Ngoko ke, ootitshala balandele lo mntwana kunye iingqiqo ezintsha kunye nemithetho sokwenza umsebenzi efikelelekayo kunye nomtsalane kuye, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5. Ngokutsho SDA, umzekelo, ukuba libe neeseshoni imidlalo, apho imithetho yendlela sele ifomu vesi, kulula ukuqonda ukhumbule. Kwakhona abakule minyaka yobudala kufuneka ukwandisa imimango umntwana kunye nolwazi lwakhe malunga ihlabathi.

uqeqesho

Ethetha ngemfundo yabantwana beli phakade, simele sikhumbule ukuba kweli nqanaba utshintshatshintsha kakhulu kwindalo. Intlekele eyehlele i-kweminyaka emithathu ihamba kakuhle, yaye umntwana iba kakhulu ngakumbi abathobelayo kunye ngoxo- kunangaphambili. Yaba ngeli xesha, abantwana badinga unxibelelwano epheleleyo kunye nabazali. Ngokwenene, oku iziseko zemfundo. Eyona umsebenzi abadala ngoku - ukucacisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye ukubonisa umzekelo. Usana lubamba yonke into efana imfunxa, kunye umdla lo discoverer yolula kulwazi olutsha. Abazali kufuneka baphulaphule ngenyameko imibuzo emininzi aze abaphendule, ngokuba entsatsheni, abantwana bafumana ulwazi lwabo yokuqala malunga ihlabathi kunye nendawo yawo kulo.

Kuyimfuneko ngoku ukubeka iimpawu yokuziphatha, ukuphuhlisa kububele umntwana, imbeko, ukuphendula, uxanduva, uthando lomsebenzi. Kweli nqanaba, umntwana iqala abahlobo yokuqala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba bafunde ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo, ukuba umnike kulo, ukuze ukwazi ukumela iimfuno zabo, isabelo.

Indima yamaziko pre-school

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ilungileyo impumelelo kwimfundo ngendlela eyiyo kwimeko ngentsebenziswano esondeleyo kunye lukwenza ukuba amaziko zosapho kokuya esikolweni, njengoko abasebenzi izitiya aya bahloniphe iimpawu yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5. Iingcebiso kubazali yenye yeendlela intsebenziswano enjalo. An ilungu lendlu yabadala kufuneka ilifa uqeqesho ubuncinane kancinci bengqondo ukuze baqonde ngcono umntwana wakho. Enye indlela abonakalisa iimpawu yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5 - kwintlanganiso yabazali. nabanonopheli It kunye ngengqondo umntwana kunye namalungu osapho abadala uyakwazi ukucwangcisa imigaqo esisiseko yemfundo kwaye nixoxe yonke imiba umdla futhi impikiswano.

Family - oku kubalulekile

Ngokutsho nokuvalela psychology umntwana, usapho lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ubuntu yomntwana. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazali - into yokuqala ukuba wabona yokukhula itakane, oku lolusezantsi ukuba ukholelwa kuphela oyinyaniso. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana wayengumzekelo omhle ebusweni abadala.

Abazali kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba eneminyaka uthole ukuphuhlisa ngeempawu ezifana ububele, ubulungisa, ukunyaniseka, ibeka amaxabiso ubomi nezimvo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo iimpawu yobudala yabantwana iminyaka 4-5. Uncedo kwimfundo ngeempawu ngamnye kufuneka abe ngokungqinelana emgangathweni lweendima umntwana omdala uthole ekhaya. Ngoko ke, umama ifundisa umntwana ukufumana izinto avumelana ngazo, vumelwano, livela ngemfesane yakhe, ukhathalelo kunye nothando. UYise isimntwiso ucwangco, ukukhuselwa yobomi utitshala wokuqala lowo inceda komelela kwaye sizimisele. Ubudlelwane phakathi usapho - eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu echaphazela okhuliswe lomntwana kwaye lonke ithuba lobomi bakhe.