Alexander Zholkovsky: ebomini bakhe kunye nemisebenzi

Ngeelwimi, umbhali, umgxeki uncwadi Alexander Zholkovsky eRashiya namhlanje ikakhulu yaziwa kuphela bezifo emxinwa. Nangona iingcamango zakhe zobunzululwazi nangoku ayenziwa nokubengezela umxhelo kunye amathayara. Siya ndithi indlela kwakukho ubomi le ndoda umdla, kunye indlela yakhe yokudala.

Childhood nemvelaphi

Isazinzulu elizayo Alexander Zholkovsky Septemba 8, 1937 eMoscow kwintsapho umdla kakhulu. Unina Deborah Semenovna Rybakova yayisaziwa musicologist, Ph.D., wandifundisa imbali umculo le Moscow Conservatory kunye Umculo College. Uyise Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich wafa ngexesha inxaxheba amaphenyane qubha kuLwandle White, xa unyana wakhe nje iinyanga ezimbalwa. uyise Alyx ka-(ngoko yonke kwathiwa Zholkovsky) indawo umyeni yesibini umama wam, Lev Abramovich Mazel - musicologist odumileyo Soviet, uprofesa e Moscow Conservatory. Ngexesha lemfazwe, inkwenkwe kunye nabazali bakhe bakhutshwe ku Sverdlovsk. Kodwa umakhulu yomama utatomkhulu, owayehlala e Kiev, wabetha umsebenzi German wafa babi Yar.

ukubunjwa

Ngowe-1944 intsapho babuyela eMoscow, kunye Alexander Zholkovsky waya Inombolo yesikolo-50, apho waphumelela honors ngo-1954. Oku kwakumenza ngaphandle iimviwo, kodwa kuphela ukuba ndlebe ukuya ekholejini. Wakhetha Faculty ezazidumile Philology, Romance-esiJamani yesebe Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. ulwimi yakhe IsiNgesi lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo. Student Zholkovsky waba ngenkuthalo, wayefunda kakuhle, kodwa ideologically free kakhulu. Kuloo nyaka wokugqibela oko ngenxa kwintlanganiso Komsomol waza wafumana lokululeka, ukuba ngelo xesha ivale ngokuzenzekelayo ukwabiwa nayiphi yokutyela ngaphezulu okanye ephucukileyo ngaphantsi.

Kwendlela Soviet sesayensi

Emva kokuphumelela, Alexander Zholkovsky, kubulelwe izibongozo, kwenkxaso katitshala, isazinzulu ohloniphekileyo Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha ivanova, wajoyina kwilebhu translation machine kwi-Institute of Foreign Languages. Thorez. Yaba iziko lwenzululwazi kuphela, nto leyo abangoyikiyo ukuthatha khulula-nzulu ngezinto. Waqalisa injineli abaphezulu, ngoko waba wayexatyiswa junior uphando yaye kamva lenyuka ukuya ngumphandi oyintloko. Zholkovsky benza semantics kwesakhiwo, kunye namanqaku bakhe baye baqaphela yolwimi obalaseleyo Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Wacela sisazinzulu oselula kwiqela lakhe yokusebenza, ngoko eyathi yaqulunqa ingcamango "umbhalo-elithetha" eyaziwayo kamva phantse yotshintsho olululo. Ngenxa intsebenziswano wabona ukukhanya iimpapasho eziliqela iimpawu lungelelanisa kwaye zovavanyo dictionary ecacisayo combinatorial ulwimi Russian. Developed imfundiso amaqela eSoviet Union akazange ukuphuhlisa, kwisichazi-magama yapapashwa kuphela 80s eVienna, emva Melchuk bathutha. Le laboratory koko yaba abakuthandayo iqela yokwenene, kuba, enyanisweni, yonke into abachaphazelekayo.

Ngowe-1974, yena emsebenzini Zholkovsky MGPI. Oku kungenxa yokuba emva kokuba ukugxothwa yobume Solzhenitsyn kaThixo ifilosofi abaziingqondi inzima kakhulu, baqalisa ukuhlanjululwa yokwenene lwazi. Alexander ngokulambisa wakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi kwi-Institute "Informelectro" apho Group isebenza Yu Apresian phantsi ngesebe lomlawuli zobunene S. G. Malinina. Eli qela iphuhlise imodeli waza wasebenza Mel'chukov koguqulo ngomatshini. Namhlanje, lo msebenzi weli qela ziye ngokubanzi yapapashwa kulo lonke.

thesis

Ngaxeshanye kunye nomsebenzi kwiqela Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky befunda esikolweni iziqu Institute of Oriental Iilwimi e Moscow State University. Umxholo umsebenzi an exotic Somali ulwimi. Ngowe-1968, i-ithisisi yayigqityiwe, Alec sele ithunyelwe abstract, kodwa ulawulo Institute waqalisa zithene ukuziphendulela. Isizathu sokuba loo - Zholkovsky basayina ileta ukuxhasa kuqina babanjwa kwaye Ginzburg Galanskov etyholwa ekudaleni nasekusasazeni samizdat. I-Institute urhoxile impendulo kwibhunga ithisisi ngale post-graduate Zholkovsky. Ekwindla ka-1968 kwenzeka kuhlaselo yiSoviet yeCzechoslovakia, neAlex kwakhona phakathi yaso. ulawulo MGPI wagqiba asibethe ophikisana kwaye umnike ukhuseleko. Kodwa athintele ukugxothwa amaziko oluntu, nto leyo uyasixhasa ngokuphandle Zholkovsky. Ngenxa yoko, entwasahlobo ka-1969 wakwazi kudlula yakhiwe inkqubo yokhuseleko, yaye kamva afumane imvume le WAC. Leyo sezifundo ophikisana wokhuselo kuphela yimpumelelo.

iminyaka ekuthinjweni

Independent kwaye ekrelekrele uAleksandr Zholkovsky, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa kuphela kwinzululwazi kodwa ekulweni, mna abanakwanela ubunyani yiSoviet, yaye ngowe-1979 bafudukela - kuqala eVienna yaye emva koko kwi-US, apho athe waphila ukususela ngoko. Iminyaka eliqela wasebenza kwiCornell University, kwaye ukusukela 1983 - kwiYunivesithi yase Southern California. Ngcembe Alexander Zholkovsky, ogama photo nangayiphi encyclopedia ulwimi, ukusuka structuralism ngqongqo waqalisa ukubhala incwadi malunga umbhali Russian eseleyo, kananjalo kuphunyezwa ezi zincoko, novellistka.

iincwadi

Umbhali Alexander Zholkovsky, namhlanje ogama iincwadi isangqa nokuzinzileyo abayithandayo, ubhale imisebenzi nzululwazi kwama-30 kunye memoirs, kwakunye phantse 400 amanqaku. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kuluntu ngokubanzi wafumana umsebenzi wakhe kokusungulwa uhlobo iprozi unfabled. Iincwadi ezaziwayo-ziphumelelayo Zholkovsky "Stars kunye omncinane othukile," "yanto kunye nezinye vignettes kungafezeki", "Pasternak Poetics", "uMikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics ukungathembani. "