Alexandrinsky Ithiyetha: imbali, photo, ncomo

Enye mdala eRashiya, lokuqala State Theatre Alexandrinsky sihlala umdla ingakumbi kuluntu kunye ingqalelo kokuvala nabagxeki. Kuye-akhawunti eyodwa, kufuneka ilingane isikhundla ephakamileyo Imperial Theatre, kunye brand ngayo ngembeko bume iminyaka engaphezu kwama-250.

esizukulwaneni

intombi kaPeter wolawulo Omkhulu Elizabeth kuphawulwa kwakhula kwezamasiko eRashiya. Ngokukodwa, xa ibonisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kushishino spectacles, wadala ezininzi zemidlalo zabucala, behamba uhambo qembu lwe abadlali amazwe, ababhali bemidlalo babhala edlalwa yokuqala in Russian. Omnye ufumana imfuno kunye nokudalwa kaRhulumente Theatre, ngomhla umzekelo ezinye izihloko yaseYurophu. Kunye August 30, 1756 uKumkanikazi Elizabeth Petrovna wakhupha umyalelo ekusekeni yokubonela yokuqala yasebukhosini eRashiya. Ngoko ke kwixesha elizayo Alexandrinka ufumana lwimi lolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni.

theatre lokuqala Russian kuthiwa, kusetyenziswa ukumela comedy kunye yintlekele. Isiseko qembu zivela Yaroslavl: Fyodor potter, owaba umalathisi qembu kunye abadlali uDemetriyo, potter kunye Popov. Wemidlalo kunye nomlawuli theatre uba uAleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, ekuthiwa ngukhokho idrama Russian. Isiseko yaba nkulu ibandakanya French imidlalo of Racine, Beaumarchais, uVoltaire, Molière, kwakunye nemisebenzi ngababhali Russian: Fonvizin, Sumarokov, Lukin Knyazhnin. Ugxininiso oluphambili lwabekwayo uluntu zokusingatha Amahlaya.

ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo

Ithiyetha wayekuthanda ukuthandwa eningenakukholwa e St. Petersburg, kodwa egumbini lakhe ebinazo, wandwendwela amaziko ezahlukeneyo, kubalulekile ukuba kube isakhiwo okhethekileyo. Kodwa kwiminyaka kuphela emva 76 emva kokusekwa wabonakala Alexandrinsky Theatre, idilesi ngoku eyaziwa nawuphi yeqonga-ezinkonzweni. Kwindawo ngayo ekuqaleni yaba esakhiweni apho wakhonza qembu Italian Kazassi. Kodwa kamva yemidlalo kokuwa, igumbi yathengwa kwi wokulondoloza imali, yaye emva koko kakubi zokutshiswa ngumlilo ngo-1811, ngeengxaki zakhe baphazanyiswa imfazwe uNapoleon.

Kodwa nangona isilela inkxasomali, ngo-1810, Carlo Rossi kudala indawo zeprojekthi ngokutsha. Kwaba kuphela 30, phantsi Nicholas mna, nzulu kuphakamisa umbuzo ukwakhiwa yeqonga. Carl Rossi uba intloko inkqubo, wathabatha iqela lakhe, kanye Galberga Tkachev. Ukwakhiwa iye imali eninzi imali, kunye nomsebenzi sele iqalile ukuba imbiza ibile; ngokuba isiseko kwesakhiwo iye ekhandiweyo emhlabeni 5000 amathumba, kodwa imihombiso na isigqibo ukugcina. Endaweni yoko, yobhedu zobhedu ukupeyinta, kunye nemithi nangokukrola.

Isakhiwo yakhiwa kwiminyaka nje 4, no-Agasti 31, 1832 Alexandrinsky Theatre, idilesi ogama - Ostrovsky Square, 6, bafumana isakhiwo wakha womzobi kakhulu ixesha lethu. Carl Rossi kwakhokelela nje kuphela kulwakhiwo, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, Wawuyinxalenye ubomi kwingingqi yeprojekthi kunye nohombisoa ngaphakathi kweli gumbi. Alexandrinsky Theatre, apho namhlanje uba ifoto kwi icwecwe zonke babatyeleli eSt Petersburg, i lesikhumbuzo womzobi enkulu.

Architecture ne design

Alexandrinsky Theatre yaba yinxalenye enkulu-isikali iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwedolophu eRashiya. Olungaphambili bobuso i Neva emibuzo neememo, yenzelwe njenge balcony nzulu lwemihlathi-10, nto leyo ukwakweli quadriga eliphezulu odumileyo Apollo. Ngokutsho owawukuDonga aseMyanmar sakhiwo, nezidanga ngowakhe osendaweni kunye iimaski kumabala emidlalo. Lwefacade zibelekwe zinokuhonjiswa porticoes of columns 8. Esi sakhiwo kwi indlela mbuso isacholo wokwenene St. Petersburg. Side street ekhokelela yeqonga ngoku elibizwa igama Rossi, kwathiwa yenzelwe yi umakhi kwemithetho engqongqo yamandulo. ububanzi balo babulingana ukuphakama kwezakhiwo kunye nobude nokunyuka kanye 10 amaxesha. Street yenzelwe ngendlela efana ukugxininisa nokuvelela nobukhulu isakhiwo yokwakha zalo mfanekiso.

Ngaphakathi umlawuli wayebona kuphela ngombala obomvu, kodwa ilaphu wayengekho ngokwaneleyo, yaye umyalelo wayo angalibali kakhulu lokuvula. Umakhi wakwazi ukuqinisekisa umlawuli - njengoko yeqonga wafumana entofontofo layo ngoku odumileyo oluhlaza. Iholo nga ukuhlalisa abantu malunga 1.770, waba 107 iibhokisi, nezitali, gallery kunye ibhalkhoni, uyilo qwa ulunika an umsindo emangalisayo.

period Imperial

Imbeko umfazi Nicholas I, le nkundla igama le Alexandrinsky. Yena uba iziko ubomi isigaba Russia. Apha owasungula isithethe theatre Russian, apho kamva iya kuba ubuqaqawuli lizwe. Alexandrinsky Theatre emva kokufunyanwa ixhasa le nkqubo nkulu njengesiqhelo: ukuba sadlala ubukhulu becala comedy kunye nemidlalo zomculo. Kodwa kamva iintlobo uba esinzulu ngakumbi, nanga iqala Griboyedov comedy "Yeha evela Wit", "uMhloli" N. V. Gogolya, "Ukuna" Ostrovsky. Xa umsebenzi yeqonga kweli xesha abadlali kakhulu: Davydov, Savina, Komissarzhevskaya, Svobodin, Strepetova kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 Alexandrinsky Theatre uya kwinkampani amandla kunye nokwenziwa kwemisebenzi yayo phezu par kunye idrama zemiboniso kakhulu eYurophu.

kwenkulungwane yama-20 iye yabalasela ntlekele, ezingenakulinganiswa baphephe Alexandrinsky Theatre. Ngowe-1908, wayiqhubela iqela ufumana V. Meyerhold, nto leyo efuna ukwenza iintlobo ezintsha, kodwa kwangaxeshanye Umgcini ngenyameko yesithethe ekhoyo. Uphakamisa ngomdlalo ezizodwa: "Don Giovanni", "bazimilise", "Storm", ezo yobuciko isikolo esitsha idrama.

leSoviet

Emva kokuba October Revolution ngo-1917, le nkundla watyholwa balizukisa gunya, amaxesha zinzima. Ngowe-1920 labizwa ngokuba oko Petrograd Academic Drama Theatre, kwaye uqalisa ngenkuthalo abeke drama entsha, "ezinzulwini Lower" yaye "AmaFilisti" Gorky ukudlala Merezhkovsky, Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw, Alekseya Tolstogo nkqu Lunacharsky (Commissar of Education).

Kule nkampani, ngenxa yemizamo umlawuli oyintloko Yuriya Yureva, Galaxy abalondolozwa ezindala, bekunye abadlali yesikolo esitsha: Yakov Malyutin, Z Vivien, Elena Karjakin. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, le nkundla babalekela naseNovosibirsk, apho abadlali iqhubeka nokudlala ibonisa. Ngowe-1944, inkampani wabuyela eLeningrad.

I post-imfazwe kunye neminyaka eyalandelayo akulula kwinkcubeko ngokubanzi kunye Alexandrinka kubandakanywa. Kodwa khona kuvela ukwenza ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana "Ubomi umbala" esekelwe Dovzhenko, "abo baphumelele" ye BN Chirskovu.

Xa yiSoviet umsebenzi kwixesha abadlali angekahlawulwa: V. Merkur'ev, A. Freundlich, V. Smirnov, N. Marton, N. urgant, VI Gorbachev kunye nabalawuli brilliant: L. Vivian G. Kozintsev, N. Akimov, G. Tovstonogov. Yemidlalo liye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo, phezu kwazo nje iingxaki eceleni.

Buyela umdlalo

Ngowe-1990 wabuyela igama layo lokuqala, kwaye ihlabathi ubonakala kwakhona Alexandrinsky Theatre. iminyaka perestroika kunikwa kuye akukho lula, kodwa nkundla kungenzeka ukuba sisinde nje kuphela, kodwa ukugcina qembu kunye nengqokelela eyodwa imihombiso kunye nezixhaso. Ngenxa yemigudu academician D. S. Lihacheva, ubutyebi kazwelonke echazwe uba Alexandrinsky Theatre. St. Petersburg Kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle kweli ziko yenkcubeko. Yena luphawu yeqonga Russian, wanjalo omkhulu kunye Mariinsky Theatre.

namhlanje

Alexandrinsky Theatre, leyo review phantse lonke abhalwe phantsi yigolide evuthiweyo, ezama ukugcina brand namhlanje. Ukususela ngo-2003, umi emantloko yomlawuli Valery Fokin. imizamo yakhe kwi Alexandrinsky Theatre Festival ibanjwa igama elifanayo. Phantsi kwesikhokelo Fokine yabamba ngokutsha ozukileyo yeqonga. Uye waqinisekisa ukuba nkundla imeko yesibini, ongenise yeqonga zovavanyo. Isebenzisa abadlali zibhetele abalawuli. Ithiyetha ubona Injongo yayo ekulondolozeni izithethe esikolweni Russian kumabala emidlalo, ukuxhasa iintsingiselo ezintsha ukunceda seetalente.

Imidlalo yeqonga Famous

Yaba nkulu Alexandrinka wayesoloko eyona ilungileyo umdlalo, wabeka apha zonke ezakudala: yaseChekhov, Gorky, Ostrovsky, Griboyedov. Namhlanje, ngezenzo ze-Alexandrinsky Theatre wena wenze okuninzi ngemisebenzi emihle bemidlalo: "Nora" Ibsen, "Abaphilayo Corpse" yi L. Tolstoy, "Umtshato" Gogol, "The kabini" yi Fyodor Dostoevsky. ingxelo ngalinye kwisiganeko esibalulekileyo lwehlabathi. Fokin unobubele kakhulu-nkqubo nkulu, uthi ukuba kubakho yimveliso ngengozi. Mission Theatre - yakudala buvuvu, kwaye yokugqibela uba indawo ephambili Billboard Alexandrinka.

Qembu lwe Alexandrinsky Theatre

Alexandrinsky Theatre (St. Petersburg) yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Namhlanje kule nkampani ukusebenza amagqala loo ndawo, njengoko N. urgant, N. Marton, V. Smirnov, E. Ziganshin, kwakunye nabantu abatsha abanetalente: S. Balakshin, E. Belov, Alexander Bolshakov, Alexander Frolov.