A. S. Pushkin: 1820-1824, ikhonkco esemazantsi. Summary main imisebenzi

ixesha umdla kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ngobomi kunye nobuchule yaba ikhonkco esemazantsi Pushkin. xelela ngokufutshane ngayo - akukho umsebenzi lula. Ixesha ikhonkco esemazantsi - eli xesha ukususela ngoMeyi 1820 ukuya kuJulayi 1824. Kukholelwa ukuba lo isiqalo esitsha ubugcisa, yaye ubomi Alexander.

isimo Pushkin uye watshintsha. Wayeselapho igosa, kodwa waba imbongi-ekuthinjweni, hlaza eyahamba. Kulo mzekelo, kwakungekho ubomi inkonzo amisiweyo Alexander kude St Petersburg. Ngoko ke, lo ikhonkco nto ude ube open-ended. Isiphelo elandelayo wakhe okuphela kwakuxhomekeke imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe ngexesha ekulihlaleni Pushkin. 1820-1824 - ezantsi link. Isishwankathelo imisebenzi ephambili yale xesha, kwakunye ingcaciso engabo buqu malunga neli xesha thaca kweli nqaku.

Ukuhamba neentsapho Rajewski

Ekuqaleni kuvuthuza "umoya" lobuzwilakhe wawunesisa for Pushkin. Phakathi Meyi noSeptemba 1820, wachitha abahambahambayo. Imbongi waya ngasezantsi kunye nentsapho Jikelele Rajewski, jikelele, ligorha War of 1812. Ntlokoma uluvo iCrimea kwaye abaseAfrika, iimvakalelo, abavela ubudlelane kunye namalungu kule mizalwane ineento omkhulu, neentombi zokuzonwabisa jikelele malunga neminyaka elishumi ziboniswe kwisihobe Alexander.

Service e Chisinau

Yintoni enye biography of Pushkin? Lomzantsi luye lwaqhubeka akawuthandi kangaka. Nangona ukususela 1820 ukuya 1823 ngoko kwafuneka ukuba indawo e Chisinau. Wakhonza irhuluneli enyeleni Bessarabian kwi-ofisi (kwifoto ngasentla - indlu-myuziyam ka Pushkin e Chisinau). Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Inzov jikelele ngayo kwiwadi lakhe kakuhle. Wazama ukuba kuye umthwalo kunye nenkonzo kakhulu, kuvumelekile ndingekhoyo elide e Chisinau. Ngoko ke, akunjalo ngqwabalala yaba ikhonkco esemazantsi Pushkin.

Ngokufutshane sithetha ngalo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba imbongi bahlala ixesha elide e Kamenka (kwiphondo Kievskaya), ilifa Davydov, ukususela ngoNovemba 1820 ukuya kuJanuwari 1821. Le ndawo yaba kwelinye lamaziko apho inkcaso ukuba urhulumente wayesiya ebukumkanini Alexander I. Imbongi babehambela Odessa Kiev, yaye ekupheleni kuka-1821, waya Moldova kunye IP Liprandi. umsebenzi Pushkin xa ikhonkco esemazantsi isekelwe zonke ezi kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi.

Rapprochement kunye nabavukeli

E Kamenka and Kishineve uAleksandr Sergeevich wathetha namalungu imfihlelo ye-Southern Society kunye 'Union of ntle "(V. L. Davydovym, P. I. Pestelem, P. S. Puschinym, V. F. Raevskim, M. F. Orlovym). South inxibelelanisa Pushkin ixesha ibhayografi iphepha eqaqambileyo imbongi, ezele idrama lwangaphakathi. Wayengazi sobered kuye, akazange ukwamkela yaye abazange baguquke. ikhonkco South ebomini Pushkin bukaThixo kuphawulwa into yokuba isebenza halo ixhoba bakazwilakhe, ngegorha kwenkululeko. sawo Political kunye ifilosofi ka-Alexander kwakhokelela zobunye kunye nabagxeki olukhulu urhulumente. Pushkin wayefuna ukuba babe nabahlobo bakho. Wayecinga ukuba wayesele eza ukuqonda liphupha 'inkululeko engcwele. " Kwaye Pushkin wayefuna gxwa kumzabalazo yezopolitiko kunye nabavukeli.

Imbongi engasekho ababetsaleleke kwizivumo endala - ukuqalwa 'inkululeko bakhanyiselwa, "yaye" I ovusa Star of Ntsako ". Uye wayama ngayo ubulumko despot. Ngexesha ikhonkco emazantsi Pushkin esongwayo namonde, wabona "ikrele isohlwayo" "umgcini kwenkululeko." Noko ke, ndithemba ukuba amazwi akhe aya kunceda kwimeko jikelele, emva komzuzwana shwaka. Abahlobo waqala ukubaxelela imbongi ukuba akukho inhlangano eyimfihlo.

imibongo yothando

Ngexesha ikhonkco emazantsi Alexander isebenza njenge imbongi eliqaqambileyo yothando. Xa lyrics yakhe yaba yindawo engundoqo ilungu uhlobo yothando. Lo umyalezo enobuntu elegy enkondlo. Alexander baba iibhaladi abanomdla yothando. Pushkin wabhala ikhonkco emazantsi "Ingoma Nobulumko Oleg". Ingakumbi ihlabathi engaphakathi lizele Alexander wavula ngeli xesha kwi elegies ( "I yasinda umnqweno wam ...", "mlomo kummango amafu ngokuhlwa ..." "kucinywa ikhwezi" kunye nabanye.). It is a uhlobo epigraphs zothando Pushkin ukuya isahluko entsha ubomi yakhe yokudala. Zi- umda wayo elibukhali phakathi iminyaka yobomi e St. Petersburg, ezele ezidlweni, ingxoxo yababini nobubele, ukungcamla uthando kunye nobomi "elubhacweni kuyakruqula." Amazwi Pushkin, njengesiqhelo, avtopsihologichna. sengqondo elingana imbongi yaba imifanekiso zothando isimbo.

ezincwadini

Aleksandru Sergeevichu okwangoku kaMqhayi ngezwi elingaqondakaliyo, buthuntu engenakhaya. Kudla wabonakala ezifanayo ngokwasengqondweni nabanye Imbongi ngehlazo - uOvid, Baratynsky kunye Byron. Ngowe-1821, Pushkin wabhala umyalezo "Ku uOvid," kwakunye elegy zembali ebizwa ngokuba "uNapoleon". imifanekiso ocacileyo baziindwendwe nje ezidlulayo thaca nakwiileta eziya Baratynsky, ebhalwe ngo 1822.

Qaphela ukuba imiyalezo iimpawu iimpawu ezifana elegies lwetekisi leyo njengokuba eqhekekileyo, utshintsho ekhawulezayo ezwayo confessional. Kuba Alexander Sergeyevich zaba uhlobo unyango njengomhlobo omtsha, kunye nabahlobo ukusuka St Petersburg. Isangqa kuyiwa khona kakhulu: NI Gnedich, AA Delvig P. A. Vyazemsky, PA Katenin, P. Ya Chaadaev, EA Baratynsky, F. Ezi Yur'ev et al.. umyalezo ngamanye amaxesha iba iincwadi izono. Alexander eziguquguqula ngobomi elubhacweni, maxa wambi wakhumbula uvuyo yokunxibelelana nabahlobo babo. Xa imisebenzi enjalo njenge "Le ifihla Umyalezo", "Ukuze inkwell wam," "Ku uOvid," imbongi iveza izibhengezo imeko kuncwadi, malunga nobuchule, malunga izenzakalo isiphelo.

imibongo Southern of Pushkin

inkalo Psychological of Alexander yathinjwa kwi amazwi wadala. Le mibongo thaca imodeli ezikhona, refracted ngendlela yothando. Kuba neembongi ezininzi Romantic zasekhaya yena kamva waba mlonyeni. Ngowe-1821, Pushkin wabhala umbongo wakhe odumileyo osihloko sithi "mbanjwa eCaucasus". Kweli thuba ukususela 1821 ukuya 1822, wasebenza kwi "I inkunzi Bazalwana", ngo-1821-1823 gg. - on "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai". Ngowe-1824, sele Mikhailovsky, wagqibezela kumbongo wakhe "Gypsies". Kukholelwa ukuba le misebenzi - impumelelo yale Alexander ngexesha ekuthinjweni esemazantsi. Umbongo esiba kuyaphikisana uvavanyo nabagxeki readers, Noko ke, aziqinisa zabo waziwa nombhali engundoqo Russian wembongi.

iimpawu umjikelezo

Kwimibongo loop esemazantsi amaqhosha-4 kuphela ezinganxulumananga omnye nomnye okanye abalinganiswa, umxholo odiyo. Noko ke, banalo engundoqo efanayo esemantiki. Eyona engundoqo abalinganiswa ezi zenzo - siqinisekile, abantu abanamandla. Ukongeza, lo mbongo lidibanisa umxholo inkululeko, leyo pops up kunjalo ngexesha amanyathelo.

Ekuqaleni wazalwa kumjikelo eziquka imisebenzi ezintathu Alexander Pushkin. Lomzantsi wayinika izinto for le mibongo, ayayilwa kwisithuba ukususela 1820 ukuya 1823. "Gypsies" zaye zabhalwa kunyaka ozayo yaye zifakiwe kumjikelo kude kakhulu kamva.

abalinganiswa ndiyazingca yaye nenkululeko, abalawuleki, ngamanye amaxesha umkhuhlane kunye ngenkohlakalo sisondele nathi nje ngokoqobo oluyintsusa, kodwa isibakala ukuba wadalwa ngexesha nzima iincwadi Russian. imbonakalo yazo yendalo. Umbhali uye wadala ezi imisebenzi Romantic mithetho, kodwa abalinganiswa imibongo lakhe ngandlel ezahlukeneyo. ingqibelelo umfanekiso, namandla. imibongo of Pushkin ngokuchasiweyo ukuqonda yemveli romanticism kukugcina into yokuba imvelaphi ngemisebenzi Alexander Pushkin engekho ngokupheleleyo. UTshawe imelwe bodwa evela elidlulileyo yayo. Yakhe yangaphambili njengoko siya kugweba kuphela sibambe kunye iinkumbulo. ubomi hero kunye nezenzo kwixesha langoku.

Lo mbongo "mbanjwa zaseCaucasus" (Pushkin)

1820-1824 - ezantsi ikhonkco, isishwankathelo iziganeko ezithe ichazwe ngasentla. Ukuze siyiqonde eli xesha yena Pushkin ukuba ukunikela kumbongo wakhe "mbanjwa eCaucasus". Apha ophambili yi elingoyiswayo, inkululeko-onothando. Sinako kazi kuphela malunga elidlulileyo yakhe. Kwisicatshulwa kukho uthsuphe wokuba yokuba ivela amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu. Hero ukukhanya nesithukuthezi. Wabaleka kude kuye eCaucasus, ufuna inkululeko engaphakathi. Noko ke, apha elibanjwa. Ngoko ke, inkululeko wafuna yi uTshawe - siyazikhohlisa. inkululeko bokwenene ngaphakathi umntu. Akukho iimeko zangaphandle awukwazi tame nto. Kodwa ke inkululeko lwangaphandle liyakhohlisa. Ophambili Kukholelwa ukuba akayi kuba saphila entolongweni. Noko ke, ingabonakali, baqhele ekuthinjweni. Love intombazana eselula Circassian simnika ithuba lokuba enze yokuphuma. Yaye ubaleka, ngaloo ndlela dooming isithandwa ukuzibulala. Intliziyo le ntwazana shushu, ngokungafaniyo ebandayo iishawa hero. Circassian ngokwenene Kuba ndikhululekile nenkululeko-bothando.

"Gypsies"

Ngenxa imveliso echazwe ngentla-nala "angamaGypsy", ikakhulu ngokwemiqathango zabalinganiswa. Kwakhona inxulumene nexesha umdla kuthi, kuba wadalwa 1824, Pushkin (1820-1824 - ezantsi link). Isishwankathelo kunye neempawu le mveliso, nathi sicebisa ukuba ingqalelo.

umfanekiso aleko xa uqala efana kakhulu isimilo "mbanjwa eCaucasus". Noko ke,-yenzelwe kakuhle, lunzima kakhulu. Iqhawe, "yathathwa yi-mthetho, 'yashiya ihlabathi. Kungenzeka, siya kuba sisibhadu okanye ngecala. Ukholelwa ukuba ulonwabo kunye kwinkampu lwesigypsy, apho abantu baphile, hayi eziqhagamshelene nantoni na ngaphandle uziva nenzolo onokuzifumana. Noko ke, eminqubeni ababamkeli aleko. Yena nje umhambi naye, ungowasemzini kwaba bantu, kwaye abakwazi ukuqonda umphefumlo wayo inkululeko-onothando.

Aleko uthando ne intombazana angamaGypsy Zemfira. Emxelela malunga amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, uthi, ukuba kukho abantu eziqhutywa ingcinga, neentloni uthando, uya kuthengisa, sithobe iintloko zabo phambi kwabo izithixo kufuna imali kodwa imixokelelwane. Falling in love ngumfazi lwamaGypsy, ligorha mbongo ufuna ukuba ngonaphakade kunye naye, kodwa umphefumlo wakhe ekuthinjweni inkanuko emnyama. Aleko abanakukwazi ukuqonda umoya engaphakathi abantu, uyithabathe.

Yintoni iphela lo mbongo "Gypsies '? Pushkin ufuna ukuba nithi ngenxa umlinganiswa ophambili uba ibali lesiprofeto a lwesigypsy ngothando lwakhe ezingabuyekezekiyo kwaye malunga nendlela umfazi wakhe wamshiya kuye. Noko ke, ubulumko beli bali akanako ukuyiqonda loo nto, bekholelwa ukuba akukho namnye abo bangakwaziyo ukugcina uthando. Aleko ikulungele ukulwela iimvakalelo zabo, kodwa bayayenza engalunganga. Amehlo akhe isigqubuthelo akagqubuthele wobukhwele, xa kufanelekile awathi ubulala owayeyintombi yakhe ongathembekanga. Kwaye gypsies ukwala indoda egama intliziyo ngokuba unzima.

ngabantu abalumkileyo nobubele ithambileyo, Noko ke, unako ukuqonda angathabatheki uTshawe, ngoko musa ukuphucwa ubomi. Bathi kuye into afuna uya kuphela, ngoko ukuwathetha awona inkululeko yokwenene iimvakalelo. imisebenzi Classic Romantic kufuneka want. UTshawe ngokuqhelekileyo uyaphumelela, zonke iimbandezelo kuphela kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbongo ka-Alexander ezigqityiweyo akukho want. Ngenxa kule zibe esengqiqweni ngakumbi ubomi, ngokunjalo ezinkulu. Leyo drama ivumela ukuba siqonde ngcono ukuba umlinganiswa liqhawe. Oku kuboniswa kakuhle umbongo "Gypsies" (Pushkin).

Qala umsebenzi "Evgeniem Oneginym"

Imifanekiso lomoya enemvukelo, abantu abanengcwangu, esichazwa wembongi, kuya kuqhubeka khona, nizuze nsimbi kwaye ngokuya ezintsonkothileyo. Eugene Onegin - iqhawe ubuso olu hlobo apho uya kufumana ubomi obutsha. Alexander waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla kwinoveli kwivesi e Chisinau ngoMeyi 1823. Njengoko ukhumbule, ixesha elichithwa engasezantsi Pushkin, - 1820-1824 (ikhonkco southern). Isishwankathelo inoveli "Eugene Onegin", yagqitywa ngowe-1831, - isihloko omnye nqaku.

Ngoko ke, ngoJulayi 1824 yaphela kumazantsi karhi ka Pushkin. Imisebenzi ebhalwe 1820-24 gg., Sekunjalo abakhuthaze abaninzi.