Amacala lihlala: GOST, iimpawu kunye neendidi

Leri ri uhlobo olungundoqo lwe unxibelelwano phakathi kwizikhewu akhiwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Zonke ezinye izibonelelo (ezithambekileyo, bekwilift) zithathwa ekhethekileyo intshukumo ithetha.

Umsebenzi izinyuko kukuqinisekisa intshukumo kwabantu. Iqinisekile into yokuba ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nentuthuzelo. Ngokunjalo, xa inkqubo esakha isakhiwo enjalo inkosi nganye kukhokelwa iimfuno nemilinganiselo guest ekhethekile kunye SNiPY.

Elements of izakhiwo ileli

Nangona inani elikhulu iintlobo kunye neentlobo ngezinyuko iqulathe amacandelo ezininzi eziphambili:

• Eziya (span). Ngoko wabiza isakhiwo uthambekele edibanisa ezimbini umgangatho elikufutshane. Kukho umda, njengako kuba ngaphezu kweqondo lama-12 ukuya apho kubude omnye. Xa eli nani lincinane na amanyathelo amathathu.
• Area - inkalo tye kulahlwa olufunekayo leri imingcelele emininzi.
• Fencing - eli candelo kuyilo mandatory ibandakanya banisters kunye zokubambelela. Ibekwe ecaleni elinye okanye kumacala omabini kwizinyuko. Uhlobo, ubude kunye nendawo Ukubiya echazwe imilinganiselo indawo.

Zintoni indiza yintoni indima yalo?

Lihlala, apho bungu kwakhona imimiselo ezilawulwa zimele isithuba phakathi imingcelele ezimbini. Ukwakhiwa emhlabeni kuyimfuneko, xa ukuphakama kumgca ukunduluka lugqithe ngaphaya umda kuvunyelwe okanye ulwakhiwo awayecwangcisiwe imingcelele ezimbini kwi-engile omnye komnye.

Indima emhlabeni kukuba lube luhlobo "sendleleni indawo", kukho into eliphakathi, apho abantu ekuphumeni aphumle. Ngaphezu koko, eli candelo ileli sisetyenziselwa i ulungelelwaniso iinqwelo ezimbini kwizinyuko.

Xa nobhazabhaza ezahlukeneyo (tye, rotary egosogoso,) indawo kufuneka zonke-10 - 14 degrees. Kwimeko izicwangciso zokwakha ngenxa kwizakhiwo, lekhefu babe 15 - 20 amanyathelo.

Amacala lihlala

Njengezinye iparameters ezininzi, ububanzi, ubunzulu kunye ukugaleleka eziphathekayo phantsi ummiselo. Isiseko zophuhliso yonke le migaqo inkxalabo ukhuseleko kunye nentuthuzelo abantu abaza kusebenzisa uyilo.

• For uhlobo ngalunye, kukho leri esihambelanayo zokungena. imilinganiso zabo zibalwa ngokusekelwe ububanzi avareji linyathelo kwabantu.
• Imigangatho zibonisa ukuba ububanzi yabo ukuba zigaba elide. Kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo, afana nokuphuhliswa projekthi ngamnye, Minimal ububanzi pad kufuneka 640 mm.
• Ukuze ujoyine iinqwelo ezimbini ngokwandisa ngaxeshanye, ububanzi ngezinyuko kufuneka ubuncinane 130 mm. Oku kulingana phantse ezimbini amanyathelo umntu avareji.
• Ezinye ubungakanani zokungena (ubunzulu kunye ubude) ibalwa iifomyula okanye masihambelane ububanzi hambo.

Ixabiso parameter Ubunzulu njengoko kudla imali kunye nobubanzi kombisaka inqwanqwa elinye:

• Ubunzulu Ubuncinane = inyathelo nobubanzi + ubude inqwanqwa elinye

Kuba ukwakhiwa emhlabeni ngexesha ulwakhiwo umgca ukunduluka ukusebenzisa imigaqo efanayo yokubala. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunyusa ubunzulu kwezakhiwo ezinkulu, kufuneka liphindaphindwe kubunzulu ubuncinane.

Iimpawu amaqonga nobhazabhaza setyhula okanye izakhiwo kunye amanyathelo ezingekho semgangathweni

Amaninzi ngexesha kwakhiwe indlu okanye inqanaba ezininzi baqhube baye babhenela kulwakhiwo entle kakhulu (kodwa ngamanye amaxesha elula kakhulu) helical okanye spiral nobhazabhaza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukwakhiwa loo akukhuthazwa, into engundoqo sikhwele kubo akukho lula nezinyuko kunye imingcelele ngqo.

Amacala of nobhazabhaza kunye namaqonga helical kunye ezijikeleze zakheko phantsi ulawulo engqongqo kakhulu.

Kwezo meko apho likhokela xitepisi kwi-engile degrees 135 ukuya 180, kwamagqabi ubungakanani eliphakathi kwaye ibe ngaphantsi kwe-640 mm.

Noko ke, ukuthobela lo isayizi oyifunayo, ukuba indawo efana ngemitha yahlulwe iziqingatha ezibini, okanye kwimeko kulwakhiwo lwamaqonga level-mbini. Ke kaloku, umahluko ukuphakama phakathi kwamanqanaba amabini iqonga kufuneka alingane ukuphakama inyathelo.

Uthe lobukhulu minimum yokungena (640 mm) efanelekileyo ukuze setyhula kunye ngezinyuko yokuzitshabalalisela kunye amanyathelo le "irhanisi step".

Ezitepsini njengendlela ngobungxamo

Ukulawula ukwakhiwa stairways kwizakhiwo apho kukho inani elikhulu labantu, GOST kunye isniphu anemiyalelo ingakumbi engqongqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu kulotywe kungenxa nje kuphela kweminqweno yeDevelopment ingcibi ufumana, kodwa inkxalabo kuqala ukuba baphume ngempumelelo yaye sikhuselekile kwimeko yomlilo okanye enye intlekele.

Iimfuneko jikelele zezi:

• Ukuthobela nobukhulu (ububanzi nobunzulu) sites.
• Ukungabikho izinto ezingeyomfuneko kunye yoyilo ematyeni okunyuka i zadymlyaemosti kwandisa amathuba.
• Ukuveliswa leri zangaphandle kunye sibalekele izinto ezingezizo ukutsha.
• Ukuthobela ukukhanyisa okwaneleyo na izinyuko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo ukukhanya yendalo neyenziweyo (ubukhulu window adjustable kwi kulotywe kunye nohlobo lwabo operation).

Yintoni ekufuneka ibe stairways namaqonga kwizinyuko likaxakeka?

Ukucwangcisela imisebenzi ngobungxamo nokuhlangula ukuba kuyimfuneko izakhiwo ezinemigangatho okanye izakhiwo zoluntu.

UMmiselo kuchaphazela nje overflights kuphela kulotywe. Imilinganiselo (Standard ikhankanya i parameters esisiseko) ezi zinto, kwakunye imilinganiselo wendlela, ezikufutshane ezi zakhiwo, akayi baphambuke kwisiqhelo.

Ngenxa yoko, ububanzi hambo enokusetyenziswa ukubaleka alikhange ucango lokuvula kuwo. Imilinganiselo stairwells ngeematshi:

• Kuba udidi Izakhiwo F 1.1 (iimpawu ukhuseleko emlilweni ngenxa izakhiwo multi-ezinemigangatho, apho igumbi icetyelwe okanye bahlale okwethutyana inani elikhulu labantu) Ubukhulu 1350 mm.
• Ukuba phezu imigangatho yesakhiwo (ngaphandle kuqala) ngaxeshanye uya kuba abantu abangaphezu kwama-200, leri kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-1200 mm.
• Kwimeko apho leri iya emsebenzini lomntu omnye, oko kusenokuba ububanzi 700 mm.
• Kwezinye iimeko, eli nani kufuneka umlinganiselo Ixabiso lika-900 mm.

Yintoni na izinyuko?

Kuba nokuveliswa nobhazabhaza kunye nezinto zabo ezibalulekile (imingcelele, balusters, ukubiya, kumaqonga) ingqamana inani elikhulu zemathiriyeli:

• Tree.
• Metal.
• Glass.
• Stone.

Kodwa bafanelwe leri inkcazelo eyahlukileyo, ezenziwe eziphathekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezisetyenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo ezinemigangatho kunye izakhiwo zoluntu ukusetyenziswa. Kuba kumakhaya amaninzi akhetha ngamaplanga, ngesinyithi okanye indibanisela zokufunda ezininzi (metal ukuba iglasi, kunye kwimithi namatye a).

Eziphathekayo - impahla enemisebenzi

izinyuko eziphathekayo kunye namaqonga phakathi kwabo badla wabumba izinto olwalusele. lwakhiwo lunokuthi kuquka izinto eziphakamileyo grade (B15 minimum) kwaye ifakwe ifreyim yesinyithi.

Ethatha inxaxheba kwimveliso ezinokwakheka iimveliso mveliso kunye namashishini anemisebenzi alawulwa ngqo, ngoko umphuhlisi akanyanzelekanga naxhala ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho ngawo. Noko ke, kuphela inkosi abakhi isiqinisekiso ixhomekeke indibano oluchanekileyo kunye nezakhiwo uvala.

Eziphathekayo Iizilebhu nobhazabhaza (dimensions zikhethwa ngokusekwa kubukhulu kwesakhiwo kunye ububanzi Matshi) ukuze asetyenziswe ekwakheni kwezitena ngekhonkrithi izakhiwo, kwakunye kwiimeko zokusebenzisa combined lwendlela.

iyahlala kwabo, ubulula bokusetyenziswa kunye namathuba amakhulu nihombisa kakhulu kukhawuleziswe nokuququzelela inkqubo yokwakha.

Stairwells kwaqinisa eziphathekayo (ubukhulu aluchaphazeli ukusebenza) kucetyiswa ukuba ulungiselelo izinyuko ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iimveliso eziphathekayo uya kukwazi ukugcina iipropati zabo kungekho iimeko ndlongondlongo zokusingqongileyo. Iqondo eliphezulu elivumelekileyo kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi degrees -40.

stairwells ubuciko

kuyiwa Kugqityiwe eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi, efakwe ngaphakathi isithuba aphilileyo, cased emithi elibele, ipeyinti okanye ebekwe kwi ekhaphethini lwabo.

leri Good kwaye elide ilandelelanisiwe kunye ithayile yodongwe, laminate okanye floorboard.

Sebenzisa ngomthi okanye ngentsimbi njenge material for leri ifuna ukupeyinta elinyanzelekileyo imveliso ogqityiweyo. Ngokusekelwe ngeempawu zezinto lakokrasyaschie ekhethiweyo iindlela eziyimfuneko:

• paint esiqhelekileyo metal.
• Emulsions kunye yokuncamathelisa zokuba ziinkuni.
• Ipeyinti ekhethekileyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo beenkuni.

Indlela enkulu ayihombise nokuphucula ukhuseleko izinyuko kunye namaqonga abe lelo yokuhlala. Amaninzi ezikhethelwe le njongo LED (isibane omnye okanye itheyiphu). Bona fixed ecaleni nonyeliso kujikelezo kwisiza, okanye ezantsi amanyathelo.