The Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra: imbali, inkcazo kunye neeyure zokusebenza

Ngokungafaniyo godlo ezininzi, izinto ezo ezenzeka phakathi yedwa yokuhlala, Alexander Nevsky Monastery yasekwa abalandeli ibandla. Igama kweyona ngcwele ezinxulumene iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwimbali Russian. Ngowe-1240 Grand Prince umphathi Alexander Yaroslavovich iphumelele uloyiso enkulu imfazwe balwa kwi Neva River, ngenxa yoko ndikubulelayo wabizwa ngokuba Nevsky. Kamva lamiselwa yiCawa Orthodox njengoko umxhasi ongcwele Russia.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Lavra, iiyure zokusebenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba kutyelelo, kuba yindawo ethandwa kakhulu abakhenkethi Russian basemzini.

amaxesha wobukumkani Peter I xa

Umhla Ukusungulwa ezisemthethweni Emnye Holy Alexander Nevsky Lavra ithathwa Matshi 25, 1713 - imini ngokukhanyisa iCawa yokuqala ngamaplanga le Annunciation. Ngokutsho iincwadi zembali, umseki i Nevsky weemonki yaba odumileyo uMlawuli uPetros I. Yaba nguye owathi ngo-1702 yayalela ukwakhiwa ukuqala kwindawo apho River Black (ngoku igama Monastyrka) lungena ngokukhululekileyo Neva. Wayesongamela ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungiselela Archimandrite uTheodosius. Ukuyila izakhiwo ezinkulu inxaxheba Domenico Trezzini - umyili Italian kunye engineer. Kwixesha elizayo kubhaliwe thaca Alexander Neva ngowakhe kubonwa nje lomculo lonke izakhiwo zamatye ilahlwa phakathi kwabamnyama umlambo Neva. amacebo wenyama Trezzini ebomini yaqhubeka iminyaka emininzi. Ngeli xesha, ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziphambili woonongendi, kwabonakala idolophu encinane kunye nezindlu, imiyezo, nezitali, ilitye, a smithy. Kukho kwakhona school yavulwa, kamva yatshintshwa yaba secawa, yaye kamva kule Akhademi. Izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo zaye leyo yafuduswa Vladimir ukuya kwikomkhulu omtsha Russia Septemba 12, 1724 ngommiselo Petra Velikogo. Olu suku e Church Orthodox Russian ibhiyozelwa kude kube ngoku. Ingqwayi enkulu yaba sinoMthetheleli kwemali eyinkunzi obuqwalaselwe-ezenziwe Russian, Noko ke, omkhulu sarcophagus yesilivere lafuduselwa ngexesha leSoviet ukuya Hermitage, apho yena (ngaphandle zingcwele) namhlanje.

period synodal

Emva Domenico Trezzini, umakhi oyintloko izakhiwo ibandla Ivan Starov, nto leyo kuguquka kakhulu ngokokubona kwayo kuphela, ukwandisa kakhulu ummandla yokwakha. Ngowe-1797 woonongendi yaphakanyiswa ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla Lavra. Ngelo xesha, Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra (St. Petersburg) akazange kuphela nje enkulu kweli lizwe, kodwa enye bazizityebi.

leSoviet

Ngexesha revolution, ntle A. abantu commissar M. Kollontay wayefuna ukuguqula woonongendi ibe kwikhaya amagqala emfazwe abakhubazekileyo. Iqela eenqanawa, aya apho ngoJanuwari 19, 1918, wahlangatyezwa iqaqa amarhamente. KwiBolsheviks kwafuneka baleka. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho umyalelo ukuyeka mali ecaweni-mali karhulumente. Le apogee yezi meko yaba ummiselo phezu esekungcoleni ecaweni kunye karhulumente. Ngowe-1922 woonongendi kungekudala "baphanga ngokusemthethweni 'ukuba yindlala. zamahenyu Silver apho ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo, lwathukululeka kudluliselwa Hermitage, kwaye ngokwabo amandla idluliselwe kwiNgxowa-mali Museum State. Ukususela ngelo xesha kwi Alexander Nevsky Lavra eSt Petersburg iyaqhubeka ukusebenza de-1932, lo gama zonke iimonki abanjwa. Emva konyaka, woonongendi yavalwa kwaye enokulungiswa kukuliphi, yaye ngowe-1936, le nkonzo wayeka ngokupheleleyo. Le minyaka engama-20 ezayo kwi woonongendi abahlala kumaziko wempangelo, yaye kuphela 1957, iinkonzo yaqalwa. Izinto ezingcwele umphathi abuyela kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo kuphela 80s emva kwexesha.

Necropolis kaBathathu Emnye Holy Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Lazarevskoye emangcwabeni

Lavra eSt Petersburg idume necropolis zayo, apho kulala abantu abaninzi abadumileyo kwinkulungwane edluleyo - ababhali, iinjengele, izazinzulu. Ekuqaleni, kwakukho omnye emangcwabeni - Lazarevskoye, yasekwa ebudeni bolawulo Peter I. Ubuqaqawuli bengcwatywa apha zanikwa kuphela abantu abazizityebi okanye wayesaziwa kakuhle kweli lizwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke amangcwaba, ezikhumbuzo, nabizayo yexabiso elikhulu zembali. Kwakhona nasezindlini crypt usapho Count odumileyo Sheremetyev.

Tikhvin emangcwabeni

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, emangcwabeni Lazarevskoye waba kuxinana kakhulu, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuvula omnye, nto leyo ebizwa ngokuba Lazarevskiy Entsha. imida ecacileyo, oko abazifumene kuphela kwenkulungwane ye-19, xa kwathiwa ukubiyelwa udonga lwamatye a. Malunga ngexesha elifanayo emangcwabeni entsha kaBathathu Emnye Holy Alexander Nevsky Lavra sathiywa ku Tikhvin. Oku kungenxa ulwakhiwo engcwabeni kumangcwaba le Icon ye Tikhvin uMama kaThixo. Ukungcwatywa emangcwabeni entsha kwakhona enxulumene kunye namagama amanani adumileyo inkcubeko, ubugcisa kunye lesayensi. Ngasekupheleni phakathi ukungcwatywa kwinkulungwane yama-20 kwi Tikhvin Amangcwaba yaphela, yaye oko ngokutsha epakini lenkumbulo.

Nikolskoye emangcwabeni

Emangcwabeni wesithathu kummandla Alexander Nevsky Monastery yavulwa ngo-1863. Ekubeni kwintsimi necropolis wenzela Nicholas Church, emangcwabeni ngokwayo igama Nikolsky. Emangcwabeni entsha yahlukile kancinane noogxa babo. Okokuqala, intsimi yalo Izindlwana ezininzi zakhiwa kule isimbo endala Russian. Okwesibini, ukongeza ezikhumbuzo njengesiqhelo kunye namangcwaba, kukho eqingqiweyo zobhedu ezininzi kwengeniso abantu bamngcwaba. Okwesithathu, Nikolskoye emangcwabeni kuphela woonongendi, leyo asikazifumani ubume yimyuziyam. Esebenza ngayo le mini, kodwa nje ezimbalwa kakhulu abantu abaziwayo ixesha lethu unikelwa uzuko lokuphumla kweli lizwe elingcwele.

ngonyaka ngamnye eSt Petersburg utsala abakhenkethi ezininzi nabasemzini. Injongo befikile - i-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. abavula zibe lula kakhulu abo bafuna ukonwabela ubuhle nokuthula kwale ndawo. Le ndlu yecawa ivulwa ukususela 6.00 ukuya 20,00, kummandla Lavra ukusuka 5.30 ukuya 23,00.

History kwaye babhale

Ukuvuselelwa ubomi icawa kunye nonqulo ezindongeni woonongendi yaqalwa kwisiqingatha sesibini 90, yaye ngowe-2000 zonke izakhiwo anikezelwe ukuya yosisi. Ngelo woonongendi amabandla amabini yenzelwe Uyise nonyana Trezzini ngo-1717-1722 kwaye 1742-1750, ngokulandelelana; Cathedral idle neoclassical, yakhiwa ngo-1778-1790 kwiprojekthi Ivana Starova kwaye anikezelwe kwi Emnye oyiNgcwele, kunye nezakhiwo ezininzi ezincinane. Nazi i Lazarevskoye kunye Tikhvin Amangcwaba, apho walondoloza ingcwaba Beje Mihaila Lomonosova, Aleksandra Suvorova, uNikolay Karamzin Modesta Musorgskogo, uPetra Chaykovskogo, Fedora Dostoevskogo, Carlo Rossi kunye nabanye abantu abaziwayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Nevsky Monastery - indawo ethandwa kubakhenkethi nabasemzini. Imbali kokuvela i-Alexander Nevsky Lavra ukuba wonke umntu ukuxelela guides Orthodox. Woonongendi i refectory kunye igumbi iti apho odola ukutya eshushu amaqela umzalwana nabasemzini ngamnye. Kukho nayo yakhelwe iihotele ezintathu apho unako ukuqesha indawo ekhululekile nolufikelelekayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, woonongendi isebenza inkonzo lokuphambukela, nenoxanduva lombutho Iihambo zozibini ummandla woonongendi ngokwayo, yaye amabandla kunye iintlafuno St Petersburg.

Lokuzalwa Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Ngo-2013, iCawa yobuOthodoki yabhiyozela isikhumbuzo sama- 300 ukususela kwimini xa zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Lavra eSt Petersburg yasekwa. Icountdown lo mcimbi lwaqala ngoMatshi 25, 1713, oko kukuthi, i-yokuqala inkonzo LikaThixo ezindongeni zendlu. Ngexesha kumbhiyozo bonke abazalwana, ekhokelwa irhuluneli yeCawa umngcelele. Abanquli wamphulaphula Metropolitan Vladimir Siyavuyisana, apho wakhuthaza abantu ukuba ukugcina le ndawo ingcwele, nto leyo iziko yokomoya lonke Russia.

anika umdla

Njengaye nawuphi na indawo endala, Nevsky Monastery ligutyungelwe imfihlelo namaqhina. Nazi ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla ezinxulumene imbali kunye nophuhliso Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

1. Ngenxa yokuba woonongendi kwasekwa kuloo ndawo apho Alexander Nevsky wawoyisa balwa, ukuba ekuqaleni igama "Victoria".
2. Academy Orthodox eSt Petersburg busuka ngaphambili ukusuka esikolweni, eyakhelwe kummandla woonongendi kwaye anikezelwe ngexesha lakhe kuphela abantwana abefundisi.
3. Izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo, abo ukuya kwindawo weemonki nkqu ebudeni bolawulo Peter I ze igcinwe khona okwangoku, ngexesha revolution yasuswa mazigqithiselwe Museum.
4. Xa kakhulu ixesha post-mbuso, abefundisi ezininzi ubunzima ukusuka ezandleni iiBolsheviks - uyabanda shot okanye babanjwa.
5. Ngowe-1918, urhulumente wagqiba ukuthatha kummandla woonongendi kwaye usebenzise yona iimfuno zabo. Noko ke, wathumela looding wadibana amarhamente ukumelana ibonwe yaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Emva kwezi ziganeko, baqhubeka inkonzo eminye iminyaka eli-15.
6. Enye yeetempile umxakatho nangoku ezingafakwanga ilifa layo kwaye imyuziyam umzi.
7. Ukwakhiwa kwale ezintsonkothileyo kwimbali lwathabatha phantse elikhulu kwiminyaka. Ngexesha uyilo kunye nolwakhiwo lwe iitempile kunye amabandla kuyo bezakhiwo nabakhi ngexesha ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

ezisanda

Kutsha nje, ngoSeptemba 12, 2016, zintathu Ongcwele Alexander Nevsky Lavra e St. Petersburg, imibutho phakathi kweendonga zayo umthendeleko "Neva ring". Nemicimbi luphelelwe nokudluliswa izinto ezingcwele Aleksandra Nevskogo waza waqalisa kunye nomthandazo emveli eqhelekileyo. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe ngeyona intsimbi-ringers eRashiya nakumazwe aphesheya engamkholosi abaphulaphuli kunye nobuchule bakhe. Ukongeza, ingqalelo ngabo ngoku lakhe thaca ifilim malunga neentsimbi. Kwinxalenye yokugqibela nabani yeholide nako nje ubize ngokwakho intsimbi, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana master iklasi nto intle intsimbi-ringers.