Amatyala emali: Uhlalutyo, isakhiwo. Amatyala - it ...

Amatyala - kukho imisebenzi eyenza imithombo bank. ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zonke ukusekwa yorhwebo. Okokuqala, lo mba ukuthembeka na uzinzo kwezibonelelo zebhanki, ubume babo kunye nobukhulu. Okwesibini, ngomhla yimalini na umvuzo oko kuchaphazela amaxabiso kwezibonelelo. Okwesithathu, wemali base iindlela kugqiba ubungakanani intengiselwano asebenzayo, okubangela ingeniso ukuya elunxwemeni.

Ingcamango liability kwiziko lemali

Yintoni na? imisebenzi zezenzi kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kwezentlalo zikazwelonke: ukuqokelela imali okwethutyana simahla yabemi kunye namashishini, nto leyo eya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho ngokusebenza kunye eyinkunzi esisigxina, imali investment (imali) utyalo-mali, Ukubonelela abantu. Nzuzo kusuka iidiphozithi izibambiso ityala inokuba ngokuyinxenye yokugubungela ilahleko evela kwamaxabiso, labantu.
amatyala Bank zezi zilandelayo: share premium, ingeniso, impahla, capital ebhalisiweyo. Kwakhona ziquka namanye amaqela. Oku - kukho imali eyongezelelweyo egciniweyo, asethi abatyali ', egciniweyo maholo, iidiphozithi zasekhaya.

isakhiwo zamatyala

Ngoku sibuyele uviwo olubanzi ukuhlelwa asethi zamaziko zemali. amatyala Bank bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini.

Lokuqala - i Amatyala iziko zemali neebhanki otyalwayo kunye nabatyali-mali (njalo kuxokwa-transactions passive ngetyala). Apha yonke into icacile. Ngokutsho zeBhanki wenza njengoko mboleki, kunye nabaxumi - amatyala.

Iqela lesibini kuquka imicimbi ukwakha izibonelelo zazo musani ukuba intlawulo. Apha elula kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba kufanelekile yaye imali ebolekiweyo.

Uhlalutyo amatyala zamaziko zemali kunye namatyala

Yintoni injongo yawo? Hlalutya amatyala iibhanki 'ukugqiba kwindawo yabo ubume amaziko karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Amatyala emali iquka ngokuthelekisa umsebenzi singaliqikelela iimpawu zoyilo. Xa kuhlalutywa ukwahlula imali yabo yonke yibhanki kunye ebolekiweyo "non-zebhanki 'imali. Umlinganiselo kufuneka ibe ngaphezu kwesinye. Ukuba eli zinga ngezantsi, umngcipheko non-kwemali eyinkunzi iza kutyalwa yi abatyali ebhankini.

Ulawulo lweziko mali, uphicotho-manani lwangaphakathi, kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente abasemthethweni rhoqo ekwenzeni esweni kunye nohlalutyo amaziko zebhanki amatyala. Waboleka imali kunye nenani labo imisela ukuba ipesenti enye okanye uthabathe elinye iziko zemali kwinkqubo leebhanki lizwe. Ukuze ukuba lisebenze ngokufanelekileyo, lo myinge mayingagqithi 10-11%.

analysis Equity

Yintoni na yaye kutheni kuliwa? Uhlalutyo mali nga onokuphazamisa into imarike logcino iyahlozinga. Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo rhoqo zamatyala ibhanki leyo ezinjani ezinye iingozi. Nje kwaye siphuhlise inkqubo ngakumbi ukunciphisa kubo.
Ekuhlalutyeni imali yayo ukuhlola izikhombisi zilandelayo: amandla, isakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa zamatyala, uthelekiso mali yalo kunye nezinga ezinzulu kwaye ngomnatha, uze utshintshe ukwandiswa kwikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo. Uhlalutyo inikeze siqonde iintlobo zezenzi, ezo nkcukacha ngesakhiwo ithetha imithombo ngokwakha. Kwaye kufuneka ukuhlalutya ikomkhulu yayo waboleka. Olu phando phezu kwiimpawu ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani. Ngenxa yezi data ukuba izigqibo malunga notshintsho kubume zamatyala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba intsebenzo yabo kule nyanga iphelileyo, ngonyaka, iminyaka eliqela. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza kwingqikelelo malunga utyalo kunokwenzeka elizayo kunye nokuqinisekisa uzinzo lweshishini.

iidipozithi ezifunwayo ezingamatyala yasebhankini

amatyala yangoku bamele imali eyintsalela ekupheleni kosuku yorhwebo kwi akhawunti abathengi '. Ezi iintsalela inokuba nomahluko kwaye ziyahluka ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya ixabiso elikhulu, njengoko imeko yemali yabemi ezahlukeneyo ezihlala ziguquka. Zithathe ukuba zonke ngequbuliso lizakucwangcisa kwakhona zonke ii-akhawunti, kuya uye thabatha kunye asethi zangoku ze bank. Enyanisweni, ingozi kule meko ncinci, ekubeni ukuvulwa nokuvalwa needipozithi umxhasi lowo umyalelo bahlupheke. Ngenxa yoko, amatyala yangoku - indibanisela variables random ezizimeleyo kwi akhawunti zizonke.

Ukuguqulwa mali "elifutshane" 'ubude'

Oku kwenziwa ngokobunzima inkxaso iyonke imali "mfutshane" ngenxa endaweni izibonelelo kuyekiswa. Iza kukhokelela kukuba kubekho umthamo amasalela okanye incompressible zamatyala ngoku ukuba iibhanki kufuneka zigcinwe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, oko ibekwe asethi ezisisigxina izixhobo rhoqo (net assets). Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka wemvula gqolo akhawunti zangoku kunye nokwanda kwabo okuqhubekayo.

Ukutsala amatyala yangoku

Ukuba kukho umthamo ukwanda kwemali kwi-akhawunti zabaxumi, ngoko kwandisa inqanaba intembelo ezibhankini, ngoko ke, kukho isizathu ukwandisa iintlobo iinkonzo ezinikwa abemi. A indima ebonakalayo idlalwa "off-balance" ukwahlulwa amaziko zemali kunye namatyala. Ukuqaliswa ubunzima amakhadi zeplastiki kunye neenkqubo intlawulo ezahlukeneyo kudala iimeko elungileyo ukuphakamisa umgangatho zamatyala yangoku.

I-Bank lihlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukwandisa imali kwimfuno ngokupheleleyo zonke iindidi zabaxhasi (abantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni). Ukongezelela to project "ikhadi", yaphunyezwa "umvuzo", "pension" ezahlukeneyo kunye nabanye. Bona ke, xa zizonke, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo zamatyala yangoku. Enye yezona zinto ze-capital limi ngolu hlobo: kuba yinxalenye kwezibonelelo kunye cheap, sivumele ibhanki ukujikelezisa ezibalulekileyo umdla imajini. I-arhente engundoqo resource "cheap" kumane liabilities ngoku, njengoko kunceda ekunciphiseni amazinga enzala uboleka iinkonzo.

imihlobo ezingamatyala

Ekubeni amatyala - oko kwakhona imbopheleleko kwamashishini (zemali), ukuba zakheka ngeendleko-mboleko. Kulo mba, ukwahlula phakathi namatyala elifutshane ixesha elide, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha mboleko. Njani kwahluka enye kwenye?
Amatyala zangoku ziquka okuhlawula amatyala zethuba elifikelela ku unyaka omnye (umzekelo,-ovadrafti zebhanki, iikhredithi zorhwebo ezahlukeneyo).

Zexesha elide kwaye zihlawulwe zingaphelanga kwiminyaka embalwa (kokuqeshisa amatyala, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo mboleko).

Namatyala kwiphepha lomncono

Amatyala - yinxalenye ye kwiphepha lomncono. Babonakalisa zonke iirisithi yonke imali ebhankini. amatyala zangoku okanye elifutshane kwiphepha lomncono ichaziwe ngasentla. Bayakwazi khona ngomjikelo wemveliso enye. yonke nje apha. Ngako oko, amatyala ixesha elide kwenziwa kumjikelo ngaphezu kwesinye kwimveliso. Ii-asethi namatyala kwiphepha lomncono kufuneka isoloko zilungelelane, kwaye umahluko phakathi bawadibanise - kuba likomkhulu (equity) yomnini wenkampani. Esi salathisi ebaluleke kakhulu. ixabiso uthe ingabonisa abanye kwekomkhulu umnini, ukuba kukho intengiso yonke impahla, kwaye imali iza kuhamba ukuhlawula amatyala. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba asethi - yinto uhlobo impahla, iimfanelo zemali - ingqukuva ngokuncama leyo akhiwa ngale ndawo.
Zonke ii-asethi namatyala balance sheet benkampani. Yenziwe ixesha ngalinye elichaziweyo (uzimisele).