Amaza: Iintlobo Amaza and definition wave. Iintlobo amaza kunye ive

Amaza nje kuphela emanzini. Ziqulethe isandi, ukukhanya, njalo njalo D. njani. Oku, yaye yintoni amaza kwaphela?

umongo

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, kodwa ingakumbi physics. Ngokwale isigama ndiyintethiso kubo andise oscillations - igagasi. Ingcaciso elula, kodwa enyanisweni akukho ilula kakhulu. Amasuntswana ngamnye musa ukuhamba, kodwa badlulela kuphela kufutshane kwizikhundla zabo kuvuselele. Oku kulandela luphawu ngumtshangatshangiso: bona njengendlela transfer amandla ngaphandle utshintsho mbandela. Maxa wambi kwenzeka, kodwa kuphela nje imiphumela. Abo obefudula ulwandle, kuhle ukucinga ukuba ngumtshangatshangiso enjalo.

Ukuzimisela, nangona - akukho nto kuphela ekufuneka uyazi, xa sidibana nale meko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oko kudibene kunye ukuhla ukuze baza ukufunda kunye, kokubini ithiyori kwaye practice.

imvelaphi

Amaza enokuveliswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Isizathu sokuba kwazo kusoloko kukho amasuntswana uchulumanco kunye nokususa baphume eseleyo. Oku kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezifana eriyali okanye radiators. Ngapha koko, kungabangelwa kukuvela instabilities kwimeko ngumoya onamandla, ngenxa apho amanzi iqhuba yama- nzi.

Imbali ukufunda isenzeko

Ufundo indlela ingenzeka kunye andise emazeni iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi ezifana eliJongene, ngezakhi, ubucukubhede, umsindo, amayeza kunye, kakade, physics xa iyonke, ngokunjalo nabanye abaninzi, Sizibandakanye izazinzulu ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Kukholelwa ukuba igalelo ezibalulekileyo ezenziwe wamazwe waseJamani Genrih Gerts. Yena walizinzisayo iiphatheni ezithile wabutyhila ngaphambili ngezimanga engaziwayo ezinxulumene nokusebenzisana kwamaza umoya, ezifana uphazamiseko, diffraction kunye nokwehlukana. izifundo zakhe kamva kusetyenziselwa ukwakha unomathotholo. Kakade ke, kwakukho nezinye iinzululwazi ozifundisiweyo kulo mba kwaye abaye uphuhliso inzululwazi igalelo elibonakalayo, umzekelo, Maxwell, kodwa igama immortalized kwiyunithi Hertz yomlinganiselo wave frequency.

iintlobo ngamaza

Kukho ukuhlelwa ezininzi, ngokoko criteria ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, oko icala oscillation lencinibakazi. Iintlobo amaza kule njengenqobo: longitudinal, ezinqamlezayo, ugalelwe. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu kwiqela: nenkcazelo zibalo, geometry, bume ngokwasemzimbeni, njalo-njalo ..

Kubalulekile ukuba xa kuthe yale meko nto entsha kweziyobisi alibonakali ukuba ukutshintsha nokucwangciswa amasuntswana, ezinokukhokelela ekuchithekeni iziganeko ezithile kuphela. Ngokwemiqathango entsa kuyo lungabonakaliswa njengokukhanya, umbala, isandi, imitha, yaye ayibonakali ngeliso, ngoko ke amandla .. Naye, nazo kananjalo kufuneka zihlelwe.

Ukongeza, omnye owahlukileyo amaza koomatshini kunye kagesi. Iintlobo amaza ukusuka kudidi lokuqala kwakhona kwahlulwa ibe elastic nezo zenzeke phezu kwamanzi. Le ngokuhlelwa kuquka ukuqwalaselwa andise esiphakathi. Ngokubanzi, iyantlukwano zaseprayimari ethandwa kuquka kuphela isandi kunye namaza kagesi. Ngabo kwixesha elizayo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa banzi.

incazelo jikelele

Nayiphi buye inani zemihlaba kunye parameters ngazo kungachazwa nto. Okokuqala, oko ubude balo, nto leyo yonyulwa λ (Lambda). Ukongeza, ukuba abe rhoqo, ixesha kunye nesantya. Ngokwahlukeneyo ihlaba wavefront okanye umgangatho, ngamanye yeseti iingongoma ezo kwisigaba enye, nomqadi okanye wesangqa ebonisa indlela andise.

Ngenxa iparameters yokugqibela ezimbini ezinxulumene enye yokuhlela. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwamaza phambi inokuba ungqukuva kwaye iflethi. Ukuze lula izibalo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezithile ukuze ingqalelo umphezulu tyaba, kodwa kuphela ukuba umgama ebalulekileyo ukusuka kumthombo. Kuba zonke ezi mpawu, kwaye ayikhuphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngamaza.

izibonelo

Ukongeza ezona zinto into ezifana nesandi bomtya okanye amaza elwandle, kuyenzeka ukuba ucinge kwakhona malunga izangqa phezu kwamanzi, asakhulayo ukusuka iliwa aphoswe, kuqhuma, elele phezu noomatrasi ethambileyo, kunye nezinye izenzakalo ezininzi. Eyingozi okanye reyi infrared, kwakunye oko oluvakalayo ukuya endlebeni yomntu - yonke ezibonisa isenzeko efanayo lwamaza andise. Iintlobo Amaza zahlukahlukene kakhulu, bona ngokwabo ezininzi kangangokuba, oko kukuthi ngenene nzima ukukholelwa ukuba izinto ezinjalo ezahlukeneyo, enyanisweni, babe uhlobo olufanayo.

amaza omsindo: Iimpawu

Ithe yakuva unika umntu usebenziswano olukhulu ulwazi malunga ihlabathi. Kodwa ngaphandle ngamaza, oku kuya kuba nzima. ukwahluka umsindo yalo ibhekisela elastic. peculiarity yabo sikuko yokuba ubude kwamaza ezinjalo kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, ukuba zezantoni na abanjalo ukuba height myalezo. Ngokuba umntu, ukuba lebanga-20 ukuya 20,000 Hertz. Nantoni esezantsi kuthiwa infrasound, kwaye ngasentla - ultrasound. Okokuqala ayikaqondwa kakuhle, kodwa yesibini lisetyenziswa kwinzululwazi, amayeza kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi. Zizo ezi iintlobo ngamaza yesandi. iimpawu zawo ezimiselwe ezifana parameters njengoko ubude, rhoqo kunye indibanisela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo lokungcangcazela. Baxhomekeke kulo, ngokulandelelana, umthamo, kwelizwi kunye ubume.

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye yomtshangatshangiso, isandi uhlobo obangelwe azize. Oko obungqingqwa, umzekelo, bemi ekonsathini ecaleni kwekholam. Amaza ukwandiswa kwiintlobo ezininzi iimeko, kuquka ulwelo ijiye. In zidle kukholelwa ukuba izandi inaudible. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngokufuthi emthethisa ngayo bhanya Hollywood ukuba kutolwe izigcawu udubulo ezinkulu kwaye elikhulu ongenawo umoya isithuba. Ukufundwa intlokoma isandi kunye namaza Kudinga icandelo elikhulu yemvelo - umsindo. Oku isayensi umdla kakhulu iye iindlela ezininzi ukuba isicelo ebomini bam. Umzekelo, usebenzisa ulwazi umsindo ezenzelwe iiholo yekonsathi uze opera lokumelwa baba oluvakalayo ngokucacileyo kuzo zonke iindawo.

Umbono sound izilwanyana kungenxa ukuguqulwa intlokoma mechanical zibe imiqondiso yombane. Le ndlela unzima kakhulu, kodwa ngokubaluleka kwalo zibalulekile. Noko ke, okufanayo enokuthethwa isandi kwaphela. Ungasebenzisa ukuba ukuncokola, ukuze udlulise ulwazi, ukutshintsha isimo. Bathi ichaphazela abantu, kwanokuba bethe mabaphume uyaluthanda wena. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho nto, umzekelo, isigama "ungcoliseko yengxolo". Per unit volume unikwe emhlophe, wabelithiyiwe emva sisazinzulu A. Bell, Umsunguli ngefowuni.

Iimpawu neendidi amaza

Kodwa kukho uhlobo olukhethekileyo oscillation, ngaphandle apho kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni apho mihla. mobile phones, unxibelelwano engenazingcingo, irediyo, i-onti kunye nezinye izixhobo ezininzi ayizukubakho ukuba ebengazalwanga yafunyanwa amaza. Kwaye ke bekuya kuba nzima ukubona imibala, kwaye lokukhanya ayisekho. njani Ucinga na?

Ngokwahlukileyo kulo hlobo oscillations isandi nga basasaze kuyo nayiphi na into, kuqukwa vacuo, nesantya sabo isantya ukukhanya. Eneneni, olu hlobo lwamaza na andise amasimi kagesi emajukujukwini kunye nexesha. isakhiwo yabo umdla kakhulu, kuba iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini. emasimini Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye zombane ezi khosi ukudala enye nenye kwaye zasasazwa ecaleni bezifo ngokufanayo nkqo. Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili lokutshangatshangisa enjalo - oko kusoloko enqamlezileyo. Ngaphezu koko, isoloko usebenza kukukhawuleziswa.

Yahlula phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwamaza umoya, ngokuxhomekeke ubude bazo. Kukho 6 bands enkulu ukusuka kweyona inde ukuya imfutshane zezi:

• amaza erediyo;
• infrared, ngamanye amazwi, ubushushu;
• nokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye nombala;
• ukukhanya yelanga;
• -X-reyi;
• gamma radiation (kuquka radiation).

It ngokwenene phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba ihlabathi elingena onke la.