Gulf of California (Ulwandle of Cortez): uphi na inkcazo

I-Gulf of California yinxalenye ye-Pacific Ocean. Le ise kumntla-Mexico namanxweme eliqingqiweyo elo lizwe ka Baja California kunye Sonora kunye Sinaloa. Ubude bayo ngu 1126 km, yaye ububanzi yahluka ukusuka km 48 ukuya 241. Bay Area - malunga 177 000 macala onke. km. Xa amanzi alo kukho malunga 900 iziqithi, kuquka Isla Ángel de la Guarda kunye Tiburon, inkulu eMexico. Ukusuka emantla ukuya Gulf of California oluwe River Colorado nezixeko izibuko eziliqela ixabiso avareji ibekwe ecaleni lomlambo.

indaba

Gulf of California waqalisa ukwenza malunga 130 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ngexesha Mesozoic, xa ngenxa zomhlaba tyala uluhlu sushi, elisuke laba ngokuhamba kwexesha usingasiqithi ka Baja California, baqalisa ukwahlula evela emhlabeni nomsinga. Malunga ne-4.5 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, le ndawo amanzi ziphelile, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha usingasiqithi ishukumisa ngakumbi 650 km. Kuthathwa ukuba, ehamba ngesantya cm-4 ukuya kwelesi-6 ngonyaka, iminyaka nesigidi embalwa, oko detaches ngokupheleleyo kwilizwekazi kunye nePersian iya kuba lexinene.

Ngowe-1533, usingasiqithi kunye bay kwafunyanwa ngempazamo umnqobi Mexico, Hernan Cortes, emva koko ngo-1539 amanzi California wafumana igama layo yesibini - kuLwandle Cortez. Conquistadors babekholelwa ukuba inxalenye esemntla ke Aniane wasentsomini Strait odibanisa Pacific ne-Atlantic.

Explorer Melchior Diaz walukhenketha unxweme elingasemntla 1540 yaye wawuvula umlomo we-Colorado, kodwa ukudideka malunga Strait igcinwe kwiincwadi eendawo kwinkulungwane XVII. Cortez zibuyiswa e inani elithile, neyeeperile, imveliso leyo kwenziwa kamva kwi ngomlinganiselo mveliso, njengokuba isifo kodwa ayaziwa kule minyaka 1936-1940 akuthethi kuwonakalisa iimbaza saselwandle esineqokobhe-perile.

Kwi-Gulf Coast na isiseko IsiNgesi, Pirates French kunye Dutch owanyamalala emva kokoyiswa lokugqibela Baja California yi baseSpeyin ngo 1697. Uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kummandla yaqala emva kokudalwa ngo-1768, ezi lamaphulo Franciscan kunxweme wePasifiki. Ngowe-1821, Bay yaba yinxalenye umbuso ozimeleyo, Mexico (kwimephu yehlabathi sele evela awaqala ngazo xesha ukubonisa), yaye ekupheleni kowe-1846-1848, US-Mexican War urhulumente US kaThixo, wavuma ukushiya lizwe usingasiqithi kunye nesiqwenga elimxinwa somhlaba eselunxwemeni ngasentla Bay, ngoko kulwandle Cortez yi Mexico ngokupheleleyo. Ngoku million 8 zabantu abahlala Ugu.

sezulu

Imozulu na Gulf nefumileyo, kunye ukuhla okubonakalayo onyaka. Ehlotyeni lobushushu ifikelela-30 ° C, ebusika ekumntla ithotywe umlinganiselo 9 ° C, kodwa kananjalo akukho emkhenkceni. lobushushu Umyinge wamanzi we-24 ° C (30 ° C ehlotyeni 16 ° C ebusika). Kwinxalenye osemantla ibheyi ukususela ngo-Oktobha ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi iimvula ezincinane, kwaye ehlotyeni langasezantsi nezitshi kwenzeka.

ukujula

Ubunzulu avareji ngaphezu khilomitha, kodwa emazantsi Bay zisikwe imisele ejulile, ifikelela iimitha 3400. Kumntla wale ndawo, ngokukodwa phaya umlomo Colorado, kukho nokurhoxa imitha-anesithoba, phakathi liphezulu ehlabathini.

kulona

Gulf of eCalifornia uye iintlobo ezizodwa zezilo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba le ndawo ilabhoratri yendalo ukuze ukufunda eziphila emanzini, efunyenwe uJacques-Iva Kusto ebizwa ngokuba "ngumzi yehlabathi." Apho safumana malunga ne-40% yazo zonke iintlobo ezanyisayo zaselwandle kunye nesinye kwisithathu abameli kwihlabathi iintlanzi entsapho. Kwakhona indawo kuphela ehlabathini apho kukho uyawa nesanti kwamanzi.

Iyonke e Gulf kukho iintlobo 36 ezanyisayo zaselwandle, 31 - iintlanzi, ezintlanu iintlobo ezisixhenxe Ufudo lolwandle, ngaphezu kwama-800 intlanzi, i-90 eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka, 210 - usapho iintaka, kunye ezingenamqolo ngaphezu kwama 6,000.

Flora iquka iintlobo zezityalo 695, apho 28 eentlobo zezityalo izezo zifumaneka. Yonke yasebusika Gulf ipasisa yokufuduka of iminenga hina. Ngaphandle kwezi, ukuya iintlobo ngokwelizwe ziquka iminenga mnenga, kunye neminenga amadlozi. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezidada amanzi bay giant kweminenga blue. Edume kakhulu kwaye ayikaqondwa ucwaningo ikho California lwentlanzi, okanye Vakit, phakathi zincinane usapho, ubude ogama akufuneki ube ngaphezu kweemitha enye enesiqingatha. Olu hlobo, wafumanisa ngowe-1958, uphantsi kwentsongelo ngenxa yokutshabalala.

Gulf intsingiselo

California Bay linenzuzo yorhwebo. Libanzi kakhulu, njengoko 77% ibhola intlanzi Mexico abawela kwi-Pacific Ocean ne-80% kuzo - xa kuLwandle Cortez. Kutshanje, wezokuloba kuchaphazela ngokungalunganga utshintsho jikelele engentle yokusingqongileyo, ezifana ukuncitshiswa ukugeleza Colorado River, apho amanzi ujikwe ukunkcenkceshela. Enye ingxaki ke ngobunzulu ngokugqithiseleyo lokuloba, nzima ukufunyanwa abantu, kunye trawling ezantsi.

iziqithi

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe ziqithi, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba oko olwandle bobabo ukusa kwiPersian of California. Kakade ke, ukuze i-Pacific. Iziqithi, uninzi lwazo iisayithi yokwakha esentabeni inani elikhulu zeentaka kunye neGauteng kubalulekile iintlobo efudukayo, onombolo yakhe ifikelela-50%. Phakathi iintaka oluxhaphake akukho abameli.

Imozulu na iziqithi eziyimiqwebedu, ezifana Sonoran Desert. Phakathi flora siqithi endhawini kwamanzi ezifana Gulf of California (kwimephu kulula ukufumana), kugquba Cacti kunye nezinye succulents. Kwezinye iziqithi kukho imigxobhozo, kwaye kunxweme olusempuma Tiburon ndasolula mangroves eliphantsi. Izilwanyana kwezi nkalo umhlaba ikakhulu zimelwe izirhubuluzi, apho kukho iintlobo-115, okanye malunga ne-10% of Mexico Herpetological iyantlukwano. Ezanyisayo izwe ezi coyotes kunye amaxhama ezincinane emnyama-tailed.

July 15, 2005 inxalenye encamini neziqithi (5% yommandla) yaqukwa kuluhlu UNESCO Heritage World, njengoko iyantlukwano eziphilayo le ngingqi ifaniswa kwi zeGalapagos Islands kunye Great Barrier Reef. Xa zizonke, kukho iindawo ezikhuselweyo abasithoba-25% iziqithi ne-75% bobabo emanzini zaselwandle. Thatha phantsi kokhuselo mmandla ngakumbi awukuvumeli imeko yezopolitiko kweli lizwe kunye nenkcaso ukuba amaphulo zorhwebo.

ukhenketho

Gulf of California yindawo ethandwayo kwabakhenkethi amazwe ishishini eliqhuba. Oku ngonyaka itsala malunga nezigidi ezibini abantu, nelinika iilwandle, ukuntywila emanzini eyaziwa elubala kwazo. ukuloba efumanekayo, windsurfing, amaphenyane, ngezakudala, ibhayikhi, ukunyuka intaba kunye ukhenketho emahasheni, ukubukela iminenga, ukutyelela iikona ezininzi unspoilt. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze ukhenketho eziphilayo.

Mexico kwimephu yehlabathi kakuhle elibonakalayo, kulula kakhulu ukufumana kunye bay. Ukuze ufumane kule ndawo, ungenza siyakuvula indlela elide okanye elifutshane, kodwa kufuneka nje ukwazi ukuba imvakalelo emva kotyelelo iya kuhlala ekhumbulekayo.