Ngubani na lo Aesop? Fabulist Aesop - uMdali uhlobo iintsomi. Biography kunye nomsebenzi

Ngubani na lo Aesop? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ukuze ukwazi wonke umntu uthanda imisebenzi enjalo efundisayo yoncwadi njenge entsomini. Umbhali wamandulo Greek kuthathwa ukuba phantse uyise ekusekweni uhlobo, kodwa ke ubukho sinalento nangoku uhlala bokuba. Ibali lobomi bakhe kunokuba banentsomi, uninzi lwazo iyaphikisana ngaphandle ukusuka izibakala oyinyaniso.

Fabulist Aesop - umntu okanye legend?

Kuba okokuqala ubukho sinalento ngemibuzo ngenkulungwane XVI, uMartin Luther, akukho bani phambi kwakhe zange ingxabano isibakala le ubomi umbhali wamandulo zamaGrike. Ukususela ngoko, impikiswano iyaqhubeka, oosonzululwazi zahlulwe kwiinkampu eziliqela, unika iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo impendulo yombuzo ngubani na Aesop.

Abaxhasi ingcamango yokuba wayeza wayekhona umbhali, kukhokelela okuninzi lweempikiswano ukuba ukuba bukho ngokungathanga ngqo. Kodwa, nkqu ukuba singenako ukuyiphika le yokuba banele, nto leyo yaba fabulist Aesop, eyaziwa phantse nto. Xa iibhayografi, ucinga ubuntu bakhe, yena sinikezwe ezahlukeneyo izinto. Kukho uguqulelo edumileyo, ocacisa ukuba fabulist yaba sisifombo, nenkangeleko sisenzo kakhulu.

Character umyalezo wachaza zonke malunga ababhali efanayo. Ngubani na Aesop, ukuba sikholose iimpawu zabo? Ngobuqili, indoda wasisebenzisa, benawo engqondweni ezibukhali nemvo uburharha, wakwazi ukukhohlisa nabani. ke udla nguye, neempawu ezifana imbambano, ulunya. Noko ke, izibakala ezi mpawu nazo phantse waqinisekisa lokusinda kuphela amavo.

Biography of umbhali

Fabulist Aesop, ukuba sikholwe ukuba ukho, wazalwa BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6. Yonke le ntsomi ezithandwayo imvelaphi yayo kubonisa ukuba umbhali wazalelwa wakhulela ebukhobokeni, loo nto ayikho iphikiswa mbali. Inguqulelo iqhelekileyo kukuba lo mntu impahla umnini, ogama Iadmon, owayehlala kwisiqithi Samos. Lo mbono uye yathandwa yi the Greek mbali uHerodotus, unyanzelise usifune.

Ngubani na Aesop, ukuba sicingela ukuba ulwazi ophethwe yekaHerodotus, akunjalo? Izazinzulu zithi ukuba umbhali ngumkhululwa, wawa ezandleni yababingeleli Delphic. Ngaloo Iadmon ufuna kwetu, yafunyanwa nguye evela nabakhonzi betempile. Kuthathwa ukuba abulawe umntu olumkileyo edibene ukuhlekisa yakhe uthixo Apollo, ngubani akubanyamezeli abantu ukunqula yena.

Kukho enye inguqulo, ndimela yokuba umnini Aesop waba Xanthus, kwaye ekukhanyeni umbhali yabonakala eThrace. Isiseko ezi zityholo yaba isifundo yeentsomi kubalelwa hero semi-cishe, kwakunye ukuhluzwa ingcaciso enikwe yi nguHerodotus.

Yintoni eyaziwayo iintsomi

nokuba umntu ogama Aesop wayephila inyaniso, okanye ngaba nje ilejendi elihle? Wayesithi ekudalweni abangaphezu kwama-450 intsomi. Kulindeleke ukuba imisebenzi ebhalwe ngohlobo lwemibongo, kodwa yokuqala iye yagcinwa. zintsomi Aesop ukuba beze abaphila njengoko retellings zichazwe iprozi. Kwakhona ayekholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni babehamba kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana ngomlomo.

Eyokuqala ngubani simanyene imisebenzi fabulist kwezwi, waba linguDemetriyo of Phaleron, ubuncinane, imisebenzi yakhe emidala kunayo. Ngenkulungwane yesithathu BC uDemetriyo wadalwa iincwadi 10, ngelishwa, ukuba walahlekelwa kwiinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwama-10 eyadlulayo. Okulandelayo ukuguqulela zintsomi kwisiLatin kunye nezinye oososayensi baqalisa ukuba bakhumbuze, umzekelo, Josephus pfuxa.

iimpawu imisebenzi

nokuqiqa Aesop malunghana ihlabathi kwaba nempembelelo enkulu phezu ababhali abaninzi ababehlala kamva ngaphezu umlinganiswa kaHomer. Akumangalisi, kuba yaqanjwa indalo yonke, apho abemi ziye izilwanyana, iintaka, izinambuzane. Ekubeni abantu ukuba amaqhawe isebenza isifundo ezifundisayo uzuza isimilo yimizekeliso.

Amabali kwiqembu fabulist, ziyachulumancisa kwenziwe ngobulumko, elula kunye nokuziphatha-gingxi. Wesikizi kubo ekubeni emibi, ukusuka apho abantu bengakwazi ukulahla unanamhla. Oku kunika imveliso yokuqhubeka ukufaneleka Aesop kaThixo. isiphetho ezifundisayo - inkalo isici kuzo zonke iintsomi, ngaphandle kokukhetha. Person ukuzifunda, musa ukuba uqikelelo lwabo kanye apho ophambili engalunganga.

Umbhali licela abafundi ukuba lokucinga ukuziphatha ngokwabo, izenzo, izimvo ihlabathi elisingqongileyo, ukwahlula lwenyaniso amaxabiso ababuxoki. nokwenziwa zakhe kunokubaluncedo kubantu bazo zonke izigaba zexesha, nakoonyana omncinane. Le yokugqibela nangoku simazi kangcono umsebenzi ukhanyisela usebenzisa zintsomi Krylov kaThixo.

silima

weklasiki yeentsomi eyabhalwa Aesop ngabantu ekuthiwa eziqhelekileyo ukususela besebancinane. Akakho umntu ukukuva abantwana uphendlo lilambathayo ilifa kayise wemba up yonke isidiliya. Malunga impungutye, nto leyo ngenkani, kodwa ubuqili Ekugudeni inkunzi ukutya kwakhe ihlungulu, eshiya nentaka ihlwempu kule ngqele. Malunga impungutye, ephila ukuya nokungakwazi wayo uya kuvelisa iidiliya, zibekwe phezu isebe phezulu kakhulu, isibakala sokuba uye alikafiki ekhula. Malunga ubanjwe indlela intakumba, yaye yintoni eza ngayo.

Impembelelo kwezinye ababhali

Russian Aesop - benjenjalo ukumemeza umbhali Ivan Krylov, obegalelwe umsebenzi imisebenzi silumko zamandulo zamaGrike ngokwenene yaba negalelo elikhulu. Ukuze uqinisekise oku, kufuneka sikhumbule kuphela ibali adumileyo kunomyayi, impungutye kunye sisi, uze uthelekise "wokuqala". Eneneni, phantse zonke ngamayelenqe ezithandwayo zintsomi Krylov aye kuyo imisebenzi aye alondolozwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Oku akuthethi ukuba umbhali ndayifumana imangalelwe zokuveza. Yaba abhalwe ngolwimi olulula imisebenzi yakhe, ephelele ukufundela abantwana abaselula, zithathwa ndlela igqibeleleyo uhlobo lwangoku.

Abo bathanda intsomi of Aesop, yaye sinikela ingqalelo imisebenzi zabanye ababhali, ukuba basebenzise ngenkuthalo imbali yamandulo yamaGrike njengomthombo iphefumlelwe. Umzekelo, imisebenzi engumFrentshi Zhana De la Fontaine, "lula" iinguqulelo Lva Tolstogo.