Apho umbungu mammalian? ikakhulu ezanyisayo

Ezincancisayo (7 eklasini ukufunda eli sihloko kwicandelo Zoology) ukudibanisa zonke izilwanyana ukondla abantwana babo kunye nobisi. Ukusukela ukuba oku iklasi inkulu ekuyo, kukho ukuhlelwa eziliqela ngaphakathi kweli umanyano nokwenza. Omnye wabo isekelwe phezu apho umbungu mammalian luphuhla. Lo mbuzo siza kuqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha kweli nqaku.

uhlobo mammalian

Zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo zizilwanyana dioecious ngaphezulu. Ke iimazi, kunye namadoda ziye zidityaniswe gonads: zamaqanda kunye namasende, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Ukuba uvule phandle iindlela ezizodwa. Kuba zonke ezi nezilwanyana uphawu kuphela isichumiso lwangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusuka apho umbungu mammalian ixhomekeke kusekwe kwaye inqanaba yayo yophuhliso ngakumbi.

Ngoobani yinotheria

Strange kodwa yinyani: kukho ezanyisayo amaqanda azo. Zibizwa ngokuba "yinotheria" kwaye zenze iyunithi enye kuphela - monotremes. Waza wathi igama kuba ezi zilwanyana kuba cloaca. Oku yimfanelo likumgangatho uphawu le chordates zangaphambili. Le cloaca is a single indawo apho iimveliso wokuchama exchange owahlukileyo, yokucola ukutya kunye neenkqubo zokuzala.

Yinotheria bambalwa kakhulu ngenani, iquka iintlobo-6 kuphela. zokuhlala zazo - Australia kunye iziqithi ezikufutshane. abameli yazo echidnas, platypus kunye neentlobo ze anteaters ezinameva. Abanalo neengono kunye nobisi ngokusebenzisa imibhobho kwamadlala ukhululeka kumphezulu esikhumbeni. I-Amathole kufuneka nokukhotha kuyo, ukuba kwaneliswa.

Kakhulu ingaqhelekanga kukuba imbonakalo kwezi zilwanyana. Echidna iyafana kakhulu ukuya lokhwalimanzi enkulu. iinaliti yalo ende ebukhali nto kodwa loyamano iinwele eqhelekileyo zonke ezanyisayo. Ngezantsi kubo kukho inwebu ingubo ashinyeneyo. Yaye xa sicinga into yokuba inxalenye ngaphambili isicheme leyo side kwi nkawu kunye nemilenze ke ngeenzipho ezibukhali eyenzelwe ukumba, echidna yaye kukhumbuza fantastic isilwanyana engekhoyo. nemazi yazo unezibizo yeqanda. Bathi ukulondoloza ngobunono kuyo Imihlubulo nesikhumba ibekwe kwicala ventral umzimba.

Platypus ibonakala eyahlukileyo. Xa umxholo wayo kakhulu Kulula ukuba baqashele ukuba nelinyaziweyo ebanzi kwaye iflethi. Eminweni amalungiselelo ukudada inwebu, nomsila ngokumila atshabalalisa, belinganisa mbuku. Platypus Baqandusela amaqanda zabo zokuhlala, leyo evumelana nabo.

Ezi zilwanyana Subclass

Yezi zilwanyana kufuneka babe ukuba azale eziphilayo kanye, ukuba aqandusele kubo, njengeentaka. Abanayo akukho cloaca, kwaye imibhobho wokugaya ukudla, iinkqubo ekuzaleni yaye wokuchama kuvula kumazibuko ezahlukeneyo, olulodwa. Kuxhomekeka apho umbungu mammalian okhula, bahlule marsupials kunye ezincancisayo placental.

squad amatakane

Kwakhona abemi imifuziselo kwilizwekazi Australian. Bona luphawulwa yokuba indawo apho umbungu mammalian asakhasayo (iqanda), ukuba bahambe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ayikho ngokupheleleyo ngumkhaya. Ngenxa yoko, lo mfazana ubuntwana, ubungakanani, amancinane, kwaye akakwazi ubomi elizimeleyo. Emva kokuzalwa ixesha elithile ukuba eluswini engxoweni, nayo imi kwicala ventral umzimba. Wavuleka ke imibhobho kwamadlala mammary.

A usana olusanda kuzalwa buthathaka kakhulu kwaye bengenamandla ukuba okokuqala akakwazi kwanya ngokwabo. Izihlunu glands kuncitshiswa ngokuqhutywa ngumdla kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo elitsazayo ubisi eshushu emlonyeni ngesilwanyana encinane amatakane. Abameli yezi zilwanyana ngokuyintloko abasebuthathaka. Ukuba bayakwazi ukuya ngesantya ezimalunga-60 km / h.

Eliqhelekileyo e Australia amatakane koalas ibhere kunye possums.

Placental apho umbungu mammalian okhula

Enkulu, yaye ngaloo ndlela asasazwe kuzo zonke emhlabeni, bafika ezanyisayo, kunye isibeleko, evela ngexesha lokukhulelwa ngumkhaya. Sibopha umama nomntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Emva kokuba ukuyilwa imithambo yegazi olwenziwa nokuphefumla nokutshintshiselana kwezondlo. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba elizayo ibonelelwe yonke imigaqo ebalulekileyo kunye neemeko, kwaye likhuselwe udonga zesibeleko ziimeko engentle yokusingqongileyo. Ezuza amandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa iphila emva kwexesha elifutshane ukuya khona elizimeleyo. Njani inkqubela yolu phawu, utsho inani nesikhundla izilwanyana luthethwayo kuloo mzimba. Izinambuzane, ilulwane, iimpuku, Lagomorphs, Artiodactyla kunye namahashe, ezitya inyama, pinnipeds - oku uluhlu olupheleleyo leeyunithi ukuba placental. Ewe, kwaye obeku-, eziquka okufana look-Homo mihla, ifikelele wabulela zophuhliso yayo ubukho balo msebenzi ngokunjalo.

Ingakumbi ezanyisayo: izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo

Kakade ke, uphuhliso umbungu wesibeleko nge ngumkhaya yeyona ndlela ogqibeleleyo. Xa udonga lwaso ukusekwa zesibeleko kunye blastoderm ezinyibilikiswe ngqongqo kakhulu. Ngumkhaya zonke izinto ukuba emzimbeni kamama bathuthwayo kwi umzimba lo mntwana. Esizalweni yena Musani ukuboyika naluphi na utshintsho ubushushu, nabaphangi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oviparous bakwimeko ngaphantsi. Esi sisiganeko ecacileyo. Kakade ke, amaqanda ziqulethe izixa ezikhulu izondlo eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso mbungu. Kodwa ke, ukuze babe ngamaxhoba enqwenelekayo izilwanyana ezizingelayo. Kwaye ucinga ukuba inani eliphezulu amaqanda 3-4, sikwazi ukuba ashiywe ngaphandle kwenzala. marsupials Young bazalwa ngokwaneleyo kakhulu. Umzekelo, ixesha inkqubo ukukhulelwa possum kunzima iiveki ezimbini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwixesha elingephi ixesha umzimba ezintsonkothileyo ayinayo ixesha ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo zophuhliso.

Ngoko ke, uphuhliso ezanyisayo inemisebenzi ezikuvumela ukudibanisa ngokwamaqela amathathu, nganye eneyazo iimpawu zayo iprogram: monotremes, marsupials kunye placental.