Aristotle, "Poetics": a Ucalulo olufutshane

Enye edume kunye zobulumko emikhulu iinkcuba of Greece yamandulo, uAristotle ingqalelo. "Poetics" - inkulu, kodwa akukho kuthetha imveliso yayo kuphela. Ilifa Aristotle kakhulu ngokwenene, yaye ubomi bakhe - esisityebi iziganeko.

biography

Uninzi abafundi kunye nabafundi ukuva igama utitshala odumileyo yamaGrike, ebizwa zibakala ezimbini: ukuba naye umfundi kaSocrates, waza yena, naye, wafundisa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Efanayo kwakhona yayidume Aristotle? "Poetics" Ngokuqinisekileyo into ibe abantu bayalazi igama lakhe kwizigaba, kodwa ke kuphela into enokuthethwa malunga nzulu ngezinto ngamnye. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wazalwa ngo Stagira phakathi 384 no-383 BCE Aristotle phantse mabini iminyaka ukufunda kule Akhademi omkhulu uPlato. Abaphandi bathi ukuba, mhlawumbi, yena ngokwakhe wafundisa apho kangangexesha elithile. Emva kokuphumelela, sobulumko waba Umfundisi elizayo loMlawuli Alexander. Mhlawumbi le sikhundla , waba ngenxa lwegciwane, sizana Macedonian ukumkani Philip II. Yena lowo nguyise ka-Alexander. Emva kokuba ekunyukeni ngempumelelo hero oselula etroneni, uAristotle wabuyela ekhayeni lakhe, yaye ukusuka apho bafudukela eAthene. Apho, waseka isikolo lakhe - "Lyceum". Eli xesha kwi kubomi bulumko kuthathwa ukuba echumayo kakhulu. A lot of yencoko, "ezikhona", "Ethics", "Politics" - konke oku ngelixa Aristotle wadala. "Poetics" ibimele ukuba yabhalwa ngazo ngexesha elifanayo. Kanye ngonyaka 323 BC Alexander wafa, indawo bulumko xa uluntu zimbi kakhulu. Ngo-322 BC Wafa.

indalo

Abantu abaninzi ezingqondweni lombutho ngokuqinileyo behleli: Aristotle - "Poetics." Noko ke, yena umbhali imisebenzi emininzi. Bangakwazi zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: imisebenzi exoteric, wadalwa ngohlobo neempikiswano kunye mhlawumbi ziwufaneleyo kuluntu, kunye nemisebenzi ebhalwe nguye kuphela isangqa elimxinwa kubafundi.

"Poetics": iinjongo, iinjongo, umxholo

"Poetics" Aristotle ngokufutshane Eshwankathela iingcamango zoncwadi ixesha kwaye icwangcisa eziliqela imigangatho yobuhle. Kuyinto ama eyahlulelwe ngokupheleleyo umdlalo. Kukho isizathu ukucinga ukuba ekuqaleni izilingo iinxalenye ezimbini, kodwa sokuqala engafakwanga. Okwangoku, ithiyori iqhelekileyo kukuba, kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-ngqangi lwaqhutywa ucazululo olunzulu comedy. Ekuqaleni imisebenzi Aristotle unika ingcaciso ngayo igama elithi "poetics". Nawuphi art, uthi, isekelwe mimesis, okt ukulingisa indalo. Zonke iintlobo yesihobe, ngokutsho Aristotle, ahluka ukusuka kwenye nenye kwiinkalo ezintathu:

1. Bakha ezahlukahlukeneyo izinto.

2. Oku kufezwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

3. Ngako oko, iindlela ezahlukileyo zisetyenziswa ngexesha lokudlala.

Umzekelo, avletika kunye kifaristika ezisekelwe imvisiswano isingqisho, ngoxa ubuchule ngomlomo ikakhulu isebenzisa iprozi kunye manzi. Imibongo Iifomu kwakhona ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi oosinga: enkulukazi - yinto ngxelo kwinjongo kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambili, amazwi zisekelwe phezu okuvelayo zesimo ngumbalisi, umdlalo ubonisa iziganeko the Dynamics. Emva koko ke sobulumko inika inkcazelo yakhe comedy kunye intlekele. Lokuqala - umsebenzi satirizes namakhwiniba zabantu. Okwesibini - naliphi na inyathelo ethile ngaphambili. Ngokoluvo Aristotle, kwavela intlekele evela improvisation. Kuyinto eyahlukileyo, "intetho ehonjiswe", ubunjwe elements ezintandathu: isakhiwo sebali, iingcinga, imeko-bume ezibukekayo, abalinganiswa itekisi kunye nokwakheka zomculo. Ezi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngoku elithi "peripeteia", "ukuxibilila", "ntlekele", "ingqalelo", siqala Aristotle. "Poetics", "ubuciko" kunye neminye imisebenzi yakhe kwaba nempembelelo enkulu kwi bulumko mihla.