Ivan Kotlyarevsky, "Aeneid": imbali yokubhala kunye nesishwankathelo

ulwimi Modern Ukrainian khange libekhona ukuba hayi Ivan Kotlyarevsky, owathi wabhala umbongo emangalisayo ezihlekisayo "Aeneid." Ngenxa yoko imveliso ulwimi wokuphila kwabantu Ukrainian ekugqibeleni wasiwa amaphepha ncwadi. Kodwa nje ukuba itsale "Aeneid" abafundi, yaye ehlaba kunye, abalinganiswa okuchwayitha kunye eliqaqambileyo kakuhle emiselweyo.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky: ibhayografi emfutshane

Wazalwa Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky e Poltava, usapho kunobhala ofisi, ngoSeptemba 1769.

Xa umntwana elinanye, waye wathunyelwa kufunda sobufundisi. Emva kokufunda Ivan Kotlyarevsky yokuziphilisa ngokunika izifundo zabucala inzala iindwalutho zasekuhlaleni. Kamva, waphumelela isihlalo e-Ofisi Poltava waza wasebenza apho iminyaka emine.

Ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Turkish Kotlyarevsky bathathe inxaxheba nasekuxinweni ka-Ismail kwaye nokuba zawongwa imbasa yekhethelo. Emva kwemfazwe, umhlala-phantsi wabuyela Poltava.

Xa Ivan Petrovich banesifo, ufumene abanakekeli kwenye kwizikolo Poltava for abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezihlwempuzekileyo onesidima lingenako ukuhlawulela izifundo zabo kwizikolo eziphakamileyo bafanelwe ukuma kwabo.

Ngexesha Franco-Russian War of 1812 Kotlyarevsky bathathe inxaxheba wawalwela Poltava, ukufumana imvume lokuhlela imikhosi zolutsha ekuhlaleni Cossack butho.

Emva kwemfazwe, waba nomdla yeqonga. Ngowe-1816 waba yintloko ye Free Theatre Poltava. Ngenxa yokunqongophala nkulu endilisekileyo waba yokubhala. Ngoko kwafika iziqwenga ezimbini ukusuka usiba lwayo: "Natalka Poltavka" yaye "Moskal Charіvnik".

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-69 wafa Kotlyarevsky. Wangcwatyelwa Poltava.

Imbali yokubhala "Aeneid"

Nkqu ngexesha inkonzo yakhe yombutho Ivan Petrovich sacinga ukuba babhale umbongo malunga Cossacks. Esazi kakuhle yoncwadi lwamandulo, kwakunye njengabanikazi italente imvano enkulu, ndagqiba ezisekelwe kwibali "I Aeneid" imbongi waseRoma Virgil ukwenza umsebenzi wabo Kotlyarevsky.

iminyaka "Aeneid" Virgil Nantso nje ezimbalwa ngaphambili sele iguqulelwe kulwimi Russian ngendlela kunokuba free-style umbhali Russian UNikolai Osipov, yintoni waphefumlela Kotlyarevskogo. Noko ke, uIvan wajika uTshawe Eneya kwi Cossack, kwaye kanye mbongo ubhalwe intetho eqhelekileyo kwincoko, apho kungekho mntu phambi kwakhe wenzayo uncwadi Ukrainian na.

Ngowe-1798, eSt Petersburg wabona ukukhanya zokuqala ezintathu mbongo. nangoko "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo yaphinda yathandwa ibali lakhe nje kuphela, kodwa uburharha okubabayo, lowo imbongi ngesisa unikwa umsebenzi wakhe umdla readers. Ukongeza, abhalwe ngolwimi Ukrainian, kwaba exotic zobuninzi Russian abathetha ulwimi lwasemzini beso lizwe.

Ngokupheleleyo mbongo zange ishicilelwe de emva kokufa imbongi ngo-1842. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba zokugqibela ezintathu isimbo kunye uburharha ezahlukeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni, baziva ethile "ivuthwa" Kotlyarevskogo.

"Aeneid": isishwankathelo indawo yokuqala, eyesibini neyesithathu

Kwinxalenye yokuqala Cossack Eneya nesibindi emva kokutshatyalaliswa noyinzalelwane Troy kwingcebiso lonina, uthixokazi Venus (uyise emva kwexesha babeke wamnceda wakhe ephumelela ingxabano kwezinye oothixokazi) sithunyelwa Trojans kwilizwe elitsha ukuseka ubukumkani bakhe apho. Noko ke, uJuno, ogama linguEneya usapho ayithiyileyo (waba phakathi iyivume ze uthixokazi Venus), uzama ukulungisa iqhawe zonke iintlobo ngokwaphula. Kodwa Venus, wakhalaza uyise Zeus esiva ukuba Eneya kwangaphambili ikamva enkulu - uya kuba ngunozala sisizwe esikhulu esibubukumkani.

Ngelo xesha Eneya kunye noogxa bakhe bafika eCarthage, apho Cossack owenkawu uwa queen Dido. Ezingalweni zakhe uTshawe Ilibale ngayo yonke kunye malunga elidlulileyo buhlungu kunye nekamva eliqaqambileyo. Ngoko uthumela Zeus kuye Mercury, nto leyo enyanzelisa Eneya ukuba ashiye oyintanda. Dido, asikwazi ukuthwala ewolo enjalo, ezibulala.

Kwinxalenye yesibini Juno wengcibi seTrojan yenza abafazi aqhumisele iinqanawa, ngelixa amadoda ezidlweni esasiseSisili. Noko ke, oothixo ndinise imvula phezu isicelo linguEneya, kwaye iinqanawa wahlala lomelele. Kungekudala eli phupha uza Eneya uyise ongasekhoyo Anchises wacela ukumbona esihogweni.

Xa isahlulo sesithathu Eneya emva uphendlo elide kunye nangoncedo Sibyl na indlela eya esihogweni. Ekubonile zoyikekayo kwelabafileyo waza wadibana umphefumlo bakhaya kwabafileyo, kunye Dido noyise, liqhawe ngezipho zexabiso neziprofeto elilungileyo iye kwakhona.

"Æneid" Isishwankathelo ngokwezahlulo yesine, yesihlanu yesithandathu (ebhaliweyo kamva)

Xa isahlulo sesine Eneya iiseyile kwi siqithi ukumkani Latina. Apha uqala ubuhlobo kunye naye, kwaye uceba ndobunikela ukuba bube ummelwane omtsha nice intombi yakhe entle Lavinia. Noko ke, amantombazana ex-isoka - King Thurn - kunye ngoncedo ikuyo Juno iqala imfazwe nxamnye Latina. Ngelo xesha, uthixokazi singanyangekiyo ubuqili icwangcisa umfazi Latina nxamnye Trojans, yaye silungiselela imfazwe.

Xa isahlulo sesihlanu Venus uyaninyanga uthixo-Smith Vulcan ukwenza isixhobo olukhulu Eneya. Ukuze baphumelele imfazwe, i Trojans becela uncedo lizwe. Juno ulumkisa Turna ukuqala ixesha uEneya ukuhlasela. A amadoda amabini seTrojan - Bottom kunye Euryalus - ungena ngasese ekampini yotshaba abulale iintshaba ezininzi, nto leyo ebulala ngokwabo. Kungekudala Trojans ukulawula ahlawule Turna moya.

Kwinxalenye yokugqibela kumbongo, uZeyus uyazi malunga ezihlekisayo woothixo, kwaye ukwathintela ukuba ekuphazamisaneni kwi okumiselwe uEneya. Noko ke, uJuno, uZeyus weza indoda yakhe, kunxila elifakwe kuye. Kwaye emva kokusebenzisa amaqhinga Ndiyasindiswa tour ekonakalisweni. Eneya uyavuma ne Thurn kunye Latin Le mpi enobulungisa, ekufuneka lokugqiba ngesiphumo imfazwe. Juno uyasokola kutshabalalisa linguEneya, kodwa nguZeyus uyazibambisa naye uyakwala angenelele, wongezelela ukuba emva kokufa linguEneya, uya kuba nabo kwiNtaba Olympus. Eneya laloyisa Turnus ngokunyanisekileyo yaye emva kokuthandabuza ombuleleyo.

Characters "Aeneid"

Eyona hero iphambili mbongo na unyana Venus kwaye Anchises ukumkani Troy - uEneya. Yena waye Cossack okhaliphileyo, ukhaliphe, sizimisele elwayo abanezakhono, kodwa yena akazange yayintsha ubuthathaka bethu. Ngoko ke, Eneya kukuba zazidlala isiselo kwaye thatha uhambe nabahlobo. Kwakhona bangenwe ubuhle njengebhinqa. An nokulalana ukumkanikazi Dido, ogama linguEneya ulibala yonke into rhoqo. Kodwa kamva lula azilahlele ngokwemiyalelo woothixo. Phezu kwayo yonke amaphutha ayo, xa kufuneka, ogama linguEneya unako ukubonisa ubudlelwane, kunye namanye amacebo. Yiloo nto ke umbongo lonke "Aeneid 'yakhelwe ijikeleze lo mlinganiswa.

nabanye abalinganiswa azikho nje eqaqambileyo embongweni. Ngokomzekelo, xa ngohlobo Dido eziqulethwe umfazi zakudala. Yena smart, funny yaye bakhuthele, kodwa wemka umhlolokazi, amaphupha lwamagxa yegorha. Ekubeni wathimba intliziyo linguEneya, ukumkanikazi waqala ukuba aziphathe lo mfazi Amahlaya: nomona wamthethisa.

ookumkani Latin kunye Thurn enoonobumba esahlukileyo. Okokuqala ngokunyoluka bubugwala, ukuzama ukunqanda imfazwe ngeendlela zonke. Okwesibini, phezu koko, ngesibindi, bamakhazikhazi kunye nekratshi. Ngenxa yale bombast kube lula ukuba usebenzise Juno.

Of umdla ethile umlinganiswa umfazi Latina - Queen Amata. Woman efane Turnu - nabanekratshi efanayo kunye nezivatho. Kodwa aku- smart kunye nobuqili. Noko ke, ezifana Dido, yawa eluthandweni, uye asondele nobudenge.

Langutana na abalinganiswa ababini Trojans Cossacks - Nisa kunye Euryale. Babingelela ubomi babo, babatshabalalisa oluninzi iintshaba. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba indalo le imifanekiso ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiinkumbulo zemfazwe Russian-Turkish Kotlyarevsky.

"Aeneid" akunakucingelwa ngaphandle engundoqo abalinganiswa-oothixo. Eyokuqala kubo umkhosi uthixokazi ophakamileyo Juno Olympus - elichasayo eyintloko uEneya. Uzonda yonke intliziyo yam ophambili, baphupha kwekalika yakhe. Ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yayo, Juno ukulungele ukwenza nantoni na yaye akazange ame ukunqanda ngokucacileyo indoda. Noko ke, phezu kwazo zonke artifices zayo, esi siprofeto uza okwenyaniso uEneya.

Enye Heroine yothixokazi "Aeneid" - Venus. Ekubeni kunokuba kunyeliswa, uthixokazi ngaloo uziphethe njenge ngumama ngenene nenkathalo. Uya nako ukunceda Eneya kuye: uyabachasa Juno, ukhanga mlilo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha exabana kuZeyus.

Zeus kwi "Aeneid" uchazwa abaziintloko yemveli - ethanda asele ukhululeke. Nangona izilumkiso zakhe, uthixokazi kunqabile ukumphulaphula, ezama ukufumana zimbi yakhe, ngoncedo izinyobo kunye nonxibelelwano.

Translation of "Aeneid" in Russian

Namhlanje, kukho ingxoxo enkulu phezu enoba ulwimi apho kwathiwa "Aeneid" Kotlyarevskogo. Ngoko ke, abanye abantu ngempazamo abakholelwa ukuba Ivan Petrovich wabhala umbongo wakhe wokuqala Russian, yaye kamva wenza le nguqulelo. "Aeneid" Noko ke, ubhalwe Ukrainian (Little Russian, njengoko bathi), kodwa oonobumba eyahlukileyo wayengekho apho, umbhali wasebenzisa oonobumba Russian.

Kodwa inguqulelo epheleleyo "Aeneid" in Russian Kotlyarevskogo laphumeza I. Brazhnin.

Hi ndlela leyi, musa ukubhidanisa umsebenzi Osipova kunye lowo wabhala Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" ngamnye ababhali - into eyahlukileyo, umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo. Noko ke, xa ukubhala Osipov, kunye Kotlyarevsky usetyenziswa umthombo ephambili Virgil kumbongo.

Kwiminyaka kamva, abaninzi amagama, iziganeko, izinto, kunye neziganeko ezikhankanywe kwi "Aeneid" ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo, ukuba zitshone zisabonakala, ngoko abafundi mihla ningaqondi konke oko kuchazwa kumbongo wakhe Kotlyarevsky. "Aeneid" Ngoku kubonakala ukuba nje umbongo fun neziqalekiso ubudala. Kodwa usahleli ozithandayo zonke Ukraine, hayi kuphela.