Banishumayezayo esikhova? Njengoko iCawa yamaKatolika walwa esikhova?

Xa BC ngenkulungwane IV. e. UMlawuli uConstantine wajika amaKristu atshutshiswa ngokusemthethweni wamkelwa kuyo yonke indawo enkulu uBukhosi baseRoma. Emva koko abalandeli batshutshiswa kunye nezinqinileyo ubuKristu wakhanyela ngokwabo kwaye azisukele iintshaba zabo, bebanika ukuba iinkolelo engaziwa engaziwa. Kwangaxeshanye, ubhishophu eRoma liphuhlise inkqubo iimbono kunye neengcamango, leyo kamva aba sisiseko yamaKatolika. Nantoni na athi angaweli phantsi kwale nkqubo udeliwe, yaye kamva waphathwa kutshutshiswa. Abantu baphikisa neenkolelo zonqulo eqhelekileyo, ayebizwa ngabaqhekeki kunye izazinzulu ngokwabo ngokuba amahlelo.

izinto zentlalo amahlelo

Ukuvela nezahlukano kubuKristu lidla ezinxulumene notshintsho kwezentlalo kunye nemibono ezenzeka kubomi yamaKristu ngexesha iintshutshiso. Ezi ziqwempu ezihluphekayo labemi ayilindele nongqamaniso entsha kunye nokulingana unqulo. Ngoko ke, i zophuculo chu abefundisi, sekomelezeni zolawulo isiqalo iliphamba ngexesha intshutshiso ayikwazanga ukuba ukugwetywa kwi inxalenye amakholwa zesiqhelo. Kumacandelo ezizezona abantu baqhubeka ubomi iminqweno yobomi othobekileyo yaye kulula okuqala zamaKristu. ngesimo ziphikisana inginginya, ukutolika ezahlukeneyo imfundiso kunye jikelele ukunganeliseki ubomi ngokupheleleyo abefundisi ephakamileyo wabanika amandla okuqhubela ukuvela nokwanda ngezimvo awayelushumayela esikhova nabo yamaKatolika iCawa Alwa kumzabalazo omde kunye wamagazi.

Council of laseNicaea

Kulo nyaka 313, umlawuli uConstantine ekhuphe angabunyamezeli Act, njengako apho bonke abemi babe nenkululeko yonqulo. Olu xwebhu, kamva ngokuba Edict ka Milan, enyanisweni, nyangweni ubuKristu njengonqulo yinxalenye. Emva koko, ngo-325, wathabatha Ecumenical Council e laseNicaea, oko kuqala weva ilizwi 'qhekeko ". Eyokuqala kwathiwa Bishop Arius imbuka, lowo ingqalelo yenye yeentsika zobuKristu. Arius wafundisa Creation, aphakamileyo, uYesu wafanisa uThixo. Orthodox njengendlela ukulingana phakathi uThixo noYesu Kristu, nto leyo kamva yenza isiseko imfundiso kaBathathu Emnye. Arius kunye nabalandeli bakhe, ekuthiwa Arians, baba abathwali yokuqala iingcamango awayelushumayela ngabawexuki.

Century ngaphandle uba-

Ngowe-384 wabulawa Priscillian - yokugqibela abo baye uselegwetyiwe ngokusesikweni ngenxa yokholo lwakhe uBukhosi baseRoma. Kodwa umbono kwezopolitiko kunye neendlela ukomeleza abasemagunyeni yashiya ilifa yale meko enamandla, yamaKatolika iCawa iye yamkela kwaye isetyenziswa ngenkuthalo. UbuKatolika eminyaka banganyamekeli ukutolika ezahlukeneyo iTestamente Entsha, yaye ngokubonakalayo wasebenza izizwe yaseYurophu ubuKristu. Kwaba kuphela emva kokumiselwa uBukhosi Carolingian - oko kukuthi, kunye ukomelezwa ngamandla wempangelo, Ekuveleni zeminyaka, yobuKatolika inkolo eqhelekileyo, kwaye yemihla kunye yemihla ixesha lokubonakala kwakhona igama elithi "qhekeko".

oonobangela

Lendela, owayehlala ekuqaleni kwewaka lesibini, ngokufuthi wachaza amandla aphilisayo izinto ezingcwele kunye nemimangaliso eyahlukeneyo kwenzeka amakholwa. Kwezi iirekhodi wafumana ukukhankanywa wokungalivumi kakhulu abo baye bahlekise libhekisela zezinto oyiNgcwele, mhlawumbi esikhova zokuqala abantu abazange baqaphele i "imimangaliso ezingcwele." Ezi ehlekisa kwaphumela noqhankqalazo kwenzeka egameni weVangeli - iVangeli ubulali, ubulungisa, ubuhlwempu kunye ukuthobeka, iVangeli ngamaKristu okuqala kunye nabapostile. Ezo izimvo, zona zashunyayelwayo heretical, ngokusekelwe kwi-magama yokuvangela ebonisa, ngokoluvo lwabo, ngoyena ndoqo ubuKristu.

Ukuqala intshutshiso

Ngokutsho yeembali zamaxesha aphakathi kunye yemicimbi yemihla, abo ngokuba imbuka, wakhanyela igunya lamabhunga, wala ukubhaptizwa kweentsana, abawazanga loo isakramente umtshato kunye nokuvuma. Okokuqala ehle eze mbali umzekelo indlela ibandla ebenengxaki nabawexuki, yomhla we kunyaka 1022. Izivakalisi yotshiswa Orleans uso uwunyusile inzala eyona nto esikhova ukushumayela. Aba bantu abazange baqaphele ummiselo umthendeleko, ubhaptizo lwenziwa yi nokubekwa omnye kwezandla, wakhanyela ukunqulwa Emnqamlezweni. Awunako ithathe ukuba esikhova kwakukho abantu Ingxenye yabemi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amaxhoba yokuqala umlilo kuye kwenziwa ngexesha zooyise zokomoya, ngokusebenzisa ezakwalizwi ku hlamusela kubuyiswe zabo.

Isohlwayo ku Orleans wavula indlela eya ingcinezelo kakhulu kubulawa. Le ukulwa nabawexuki ilunyekwa imililo Aquitaine kunye Toulouse. Ukuze oobhishophu beza lonke uluntu kweentlanga, ngubani wathetha phambi kweenkundla nezenkolo kunye iBhayibhile ngesandla, ecacisa yaye engqina iingcaphulo ezivela YeZibhalo Ezingcwele elichanekileyo washumayela ngabawexuki. Njengoko iCawa yamaKatolika walwa esikhova, kubonakala ukusuka zizigwebo abagwebi yobufundisi. Isigwebo usebenza ngokupheleleyo waya emlilweni, leyo wamsindisa noonyana okanye abadala. Imililo e Europe - umzekelo ocacileyo ngendlela ibandla ebenengxaki njengabaqhekeki.

Ngenkulungwane XII, imililo wayitshisa emazweni Rhein. Ngabaqhekeki abaninzi kangangokuba seal Evervin De Steynfeld wacela uncedo seal Cistercian Bernard, unalo igama nomtshutshisi engqinelanayo nangobundladiya weentlanga. Emva zaqalwa ezinkulu-abasakhasayo behlasela imililo bavutha Cologne. uphando enkundla kunye nezivakalisi kuqina bayeka ebekwe izityholo zobugqwirha kunye okubi, kodwa waqhubeka amanqaku ecacileyo babengavumelani esikhova imibono Orthodox. Isigwebo, "abapostile uSathana" wathabatha ukufa kwakhe ukuze ngobukroti elabangela inkxalabo kunye yambombozela yesihlwele akhoyo ngelo otshisayo.

kugquba imbuka

Nangona ingcinezelo komsindo ibandla, kwakukho iindima qhekeko kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Le mbono othandwayo yobubini, njengokuba umzabalazo phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, ifumene umoya lesibini kwemisinga ngabawexuki. mbini umthetho ukuba ihlabathi akazange wadalwa nguThixo, nezithunywa eneenkani - ULusifa, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho ububi obuninzi kangaka, indlala, ukufa kunye nezifo. Ekupheleni kuka XII ezimbini kwinkulungwane yayigqalwa njengenye nezahlukano ezinzulu. Ingcamango emfazweni phakathi izithunywa okulungileyo nokubi, yaye inamba, kwakuxhaphakile kwi kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni, kodwa umzabalazo nale mbono ibandla yaqala kamva. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngenkulungwane XII, waqinisa igunya lasebukhosini neecawa eYurophu, ebomini kakhulu yazinza, yaye lo mgaqo-mbini - umzabalazo - uye waba ngokungeyomfuneko nokuba yingozi. Amandla negunya kaThixo, yaye ngaloo ndlela iBandla - into leyo esiphikisana yi esikhova, nowenziwa ingozi yokuba nokomelezwa yamaKatolika.

Nokwanda njengomwexuki

Kwinkulungwane XII amaziko eziphambili zehlabathi ingqalelo qhekeko e Southern Europe. kwakhiwa umfanekiso yamaKatolika iCawa Community, kodwa, ngokuchaseneyo wabefundisi kulawulo lwe ibandla yanikwa ndawo kunye nabafazi. Ngabaqhekeki kumaXesha Aphakathi ebizwa ngokuba "amadoda" yaye "umfazi olungileyo." Ababhali-mbali kamva waqala ixesha kubabiza ngokuba Cathars. Eli gama livela bamaXesha Aphakathi, eli cattier igama eliguqulelwa ngokuthi uligqwirha, baqubuda ikati.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Cathars aba amaziko ezenkolo yawo zabanjwa amabhunga zabo, ukuqesha amarhamente ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ukuba France kunye Germany utshabalale Ukwahlukana amathupha, ngoko e-Italy kunye Languedoc Cathars landiswa Wazomeleza nempembelelo yayo. Iintsapho ezininzi amanene ixesha lokuba amkele ukholo entsha banikwa ukutya kunye nekhusi batshutshiswa co-benkolo wayaneka ezo mfundiso awayelushumayela ngabawexuki.

Njengoko iCawa yamaKatolika walwa esikhova

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII. wenyuka itrone kapopu ngu Innocent III, injongo leyo ukuhlanganisa lonke ihlabathi baseYurophu, ukubuya amazwe akumazantsi aseYurophu ibandla weemonki. Emva uthotho lokungaphumeleli yamaKatolika iCawa, ukuthatha phezu onke amagunya ukuphelisa sisiphambusa, wangena umfelandawonye ukumkani eFransi, wayiqhubela yenkolo nxamnye uso. iminyaka engamashumi ngeemfazwe engaphezi, ubunzima ngokutshiselwa abantu zikhokelele nokuthinjwa ngokupheleleyo Languedoc kunye nokutyala wokholo yamaKatolika. Kodwa kwakukho iintsapho kunye noluntu yabantu ngasese wagcina amasiko wooyise, wayichasa bahlaseli. Wawuza ukuchonga nokuphelisa bavukeli ukuba buzinzile Kwamacala.

Kwamacala

Ngowe-1233 kwakuphethe wadala umzimba okhethekileyo, nto leyo unelungelo lokubeka inguquko ndibohlwaye nabangevayo. Kwamacala amandla yadluliselwa Franciscans kunye baseDominican, ababethwala intshumayelo entsha Lands Southern, ngokusekelwe iinkolelo yamaKatolika. Endaweni yokuba ngesothuso evulekileyo lwezigalo Kwamacala wasebenzisa aqatha banyelise njengesixhobo ukuchonga atshabalalise nabangevayo. Xa kuthelekiswa babulawelwa ubunzima Kwamacala lokugqibela wabulala embalwa, kodwa nakakhulu ukuba ezandleni zakhe. Simple oguqukileyo akwazi ukuphelisa kohluthwa impahla kunye nenguquko yoluntu kwabo ilwelwe ilungelo labo ukholo, isinqumo umlilo. Abayi nanceba nkqu nabafileyo - izidumbu zabo somfana, ize ke inyanzeleke ukuba ovuthayo.

Ngoko ke, yamaKatolika iCawa esikhova empini olungalinganiyo ngenxa kunye nokholo, kuba enye uThixo omnye. yonke imbali ubuKatolika lokuba umlilo yalikhanyisa wafela ukholo. Kwanokupheliswa kwalo nabawexuki wakhonza ubungqina obungakumbi, njengoko ndinawo amandla kwicawa ngegama likaKrestu, ukuze atshabalalise omnye, lo buthathaka, iCawa.